Handbook of Communication in Oncology and Palliative Care

David Kissane began teaching physician-patient communication skills to Monash University medical students in Australia in the early 1980s and then incorporated experiential training into the subject Psycho-Oncology within the Postgraduate Diplomas of Palliative Medicine and Psycho-Oncology that he initiated in 1996 at the University of Melbourne during his tenure as foundation Professor and Director of Palliative Medicine. He is currently the incumbent in the Jimmie C. Holland Chair of Psycho-Oncology and Chairman of the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center in New York. He is thus an Attending Psychiatrist at The Memorial Hospital for Cancer and Allied Diseases, and Professor of Psychiatry at the Weill Medical College of Cornell University. Across his 35-year medical career, he has trained in family medicine, psychiatry of the medically ill and palliative medicine. Dr. Kissane is the author of over 175 publications. Barry Bultz became Director in 1981 of the Department of Psychosocial Resources at the Tom Baker Cancer Center in Calgary, Alberta, where he has subsequently developed and leads one of the first interdisciplinary psychosocial oncology programs in Canada - Psychosocial Oncology, Supportive, Pain and Palliative Care. As a founding member and Past President of the Canadian Association of Psychosocial Oncology (CAPO), he has been an active member of the Canadian Consortium on Communication Skills Training. He is internationally regarded for the concept of emotional distress as the 6th vital sign and chaired the 1st Canadian conference in Psychosocial Oncology in 1985 and the 6th World Congress of Psycho-Oncology in 2003. He is also holds faculty appointments in Oncology, Psychiatry, Surgery and Psychology. He is the author of over 100 scholarly publications and serves on several editorial boards for cancer-related journals. Phyllis Butow is currently Professor and National Health and Medical Research Council Principal Research Fellow in the School of Psychology, University of Sydney, where she co-directs the Centre for Medical Psychology and Evidence-based Medicine (CeMPED). She has worked in Psycho-Oncology for over 16 years, currently chairs the newly established Australian Psycho-Oncology Co-operative Research Group and has developed an international reputation in Health Communication. She developed a curriculum in communication skills for the University of Sydney medical program, chairs the National Breast and Ovarian Cancer Centre (NBOCC) Communication Skills Working Party, was a Principal Investigator on one national and one international randomized controlled trial of communication skills training, and has facilitated hundreds of communication skills courses for the NBOCC and the Pam McLean Cancer Communications Centre over the past 10 years. Prof Butow has over 200 publications in peer reviewed journals. Ilora Finlay is a Consultant in Palliative Medicine and chronic pain at the Velindre NHS Trust, Cardiff. She is also an honorary Professor and was Vice Dean of the School of Medicine 2000-2005. Professor Finlay currently chairs the Palliative Care Strategy Implementation Board for the Welsh Assembly Government. She has published over 126 papers and seven books and holds senior editorial positions for medical journals such as Lancet Oncology and the Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice. In 1996, Baroness Finlay was named Welsh Woman of the Year in recognition for her work in the field of palliative care. In 2001, she was appointed a people's peer in the first open contest for membership of the House of Lords. In establishing the Diploma/MSc in Palliative Medicine (Cardiff University), she has trained hundreds of general practitioners in communication skills through experiential residential programmes, developing teaching tools and assessment methods.

SECTION A: INTRODUCTION TO COMMUNICATION STUDIES IN CANCER AND PALLIATIVE MEDICINE ; 1. The history of communications skills knowledge and training ; 2. The art of teaching communication skills ; 3. Theoretical models of communication skill training ; 4. Shared treatment decision-making and the use of decision aids ; 5. The ethics of communication in cancer and palliative care ; 6. Gender, power and nonverbal communication ; 7. Medical student training in communication skills ; 8. Overview of interventions to enhance cancer patients' participation in medical consultations ; SECTION B: A CORE CURRICULUM FOR COMMUNICATION SKILLS TRAINING FOR ONCOLOGY AND PALLIATIVE CARE ; 9. Breaking bad news ; 10. Discussing prognosis and communicating risk ; 11. Communication training to achieve shared treatment decisions ; 12. Responding to difficult emotions ; 13. Denial and communication ; 14. Communicating with relatives/companions about cancer care ; 15. Conducting a family meeting ; 16. Communication about coping as a survivor ; 17. Dealing with cancer recurrence ; 18. Communication about transitioning patients to palliative care ; 19. End-of-life communication training ; SECTION C: A SPECIALTY CURRICULUM FOR ONCOLOGY ; 20. Enrolment in clinical trials ; 21. Working as a multidisciplinary team ; 22. Communicating genetic risk ; 23. Rehabilitative and salvage surgery ; 24. Discussing unproven therapies ; 25. The effect of internet use on the doctor-cancer patient relationship ; 26. Promoting treatment adherence ; 27. Communication strategies and skills for optimum pain control ; 28. Discussing adverse outcomes with patients ; 29. Clinical perspectives on shared decision-making ; 30. Audio-recording important consultations for patients and their familities - putting evidence into practice ; 31. Working with interpreters and achieving culturally competent communication ; 32. Challenges in communicating with ethnically diverse populations ; 33. Intercultural communication in palliative care ; 34. Communicating about infertility risks ; 35. Communicating about sexuality in cancer care ; SECTION D: COMMUNICATION ISSUES ACROSS THE DISCIPLINES ; 36. The challenges and rewards of communication skills training for oncology and palliative care nurses in the United Kingdom ; 37. Ambulatory nurses responding to depression ; 38. Social work support in crisis ; 39. Communication in radiology ; 40. Communication in surgical oncology ; 41. Communication in non-surgical oncology ; 42. Palliative medicine: communication to promote life near the end-of-life ; 43. Communication issues in pastoral care and chaplaincy ; 44. Communication in oncology pharmacy: the challenge of the treatment adherence ; 45. Psychosocial program development ; 46. Communication challenges with the elderly ; 47. Issues for cognitively impaired elderly patients ; 48. Communicating with children when a parent is dying ; 49. Creative arts in oncology ; SECTION E: EDUCATION AND TRAINING ; 50. Learner-centered communication ; 51. Facilitating skills practice in communication role play sessions: essential elements and training facilitators ; 52. The role of the actor in medical education ; 53. Training patients to reach their communication goals: a concordance perspective ; SECTION F: INTERNATIONAL INITIATIVES IN COMMUNICATION TRAINING ; 54. The OncoTalk model ; 55. The Swiss model ; 56. The Australian model ; 57. The United Kingdom general practitioner and pallaitve care model ; 58. Communication skills training and research: the Brussels experience ; SECTION G: RESEARCH IN CANCER COMMUNICATION ; 59. Evaluating communication skills training courses ; 60. Qualitative approaches to clinician-patient communication ; 61. Doctor-patient communication interaction analysis systems ; 62. The Roter Interaction Analysis System (RIAS): applicability within the context of cancer and palliative care