Cardiac Nursing

PART I

Anatomy and Physiology

CHAPTER 1

Cardiac Anatomy and Physiology
General Anatomic Description
Cardiac Structures
Cardiac Tissue
Coronary Circulation
Cardiac Innervation
Myocardial Cell Structure
Myocardial Cell Electrical Characteristics
Cardiac Action Potential
Sarcolemmal Ionic Currents
Factors Modifying Electrophysiologic Function
Propagation of the Cardiac Impulse
Mechanical Characteristics of Cardiac Cells
Mechanical Properties of the Myocardium
Myocardial Metabolism
Physiology of the Coronary Circulation
The Cardiac Cycle

CHAPTER 2

Systemic and Pulmonary Circulation and Oxygen Delivery
Structural Characteristics of the Vasculature and Lymphatics
Local Regulation
Neurohumoral Stimulation Calcium
Volume and Flow Distribution
The Venous System
Microcirculatory Exchange
The Lymphatic System
Pulmonary Circulation

CHAPTER 3

Regulation of Cardiac Output and Blood Pressure
Afferent Input and Receptor
Central Nervous System Regulation
Autonomic Nervous System Regulation
Systemic Hormones
Arterial Blood Pressure
Heart Rate
Intrinsic Cardiac Control
Extrinsic Control: Pericardial Limitation
Long-Term Control of Blood Pressure
Local Regulation of Systemic Microvascular Beds
Venous System
Relation Between Cardiac Output and Central Venous
Pressure-Retrograde Versus Antegrade Models
Valsalva Maneuver
Overall Control

PART II

Physiologic and Pathologic Responses

CHAPTER 4

Genetics
DNA
DNA and Human Diversity
Genetic Variation
Gene Testing
The Human Genome Project
Pharmacogenomics
Biochemical Basis of Genetic Disease
Overview: Heart Disease
The Genetics of Cardiovascular Disease
Evidence for a Genetic Basis of Coronary Artery Disease
Diagnosis and Risk Assessment: Application of Genetic Susceptibility Information in the Prevention of Coronary Artery Disease
Ethical Considerations
Summary

CHAPTER 5

Atherosclerosis, Inflammation, and Acute Coronary Syndrome
Introduction
Mechanisms that Regulate Coronary Blood Flow
Causes of Myocardial Ischemia and Infarction
Risk Factors for Coronary Artery Disease
Incidence of Myocardial Ischemia
Incidence of Myocardial Infarction
Implications for Nurses

CHAPTER 6

Hematopoiesis, Coagulation, and Bleeding
Hematopoietic Cells
Hemostasis
Coagulation-Inflammation Link
Bleeding Disorders
Clotting Disorders

CHAPTER 7

Fluid and Electrolyte and Acid-Base Balance and Imbalance
Principles of Fluid Balance
Extracellular Fluid Volume Balance Osmolality Balance
Principles of Electrolyte Balance
Electrolyte Imbalances
Summary Fluid and Electrolytes
Principles of Acid-Base Balance
Acid-Base Imbalances
Summary of Acid-Base

CHAPTER 8

Sleep
Introduction
Normal Sleep
Sleep Physiology
Clinical Evaluation, Diagnosis, and Approaches
Impaired Sleep, Sleep Disorders, and Excessive Daytime Sleepiness
Sleep in Patients with Cardiovascular Disease
Cardiac Events in Sleep
Nursing Care Goals
Sleep Promoting Interventions

abbreviated Table of Contents