Implementing Automated Software Testing

Elfriede Dustin, Thom Garrett, and Bernie Gauf work together at Innovative Defense Technologies ( www.idtus.com), which specializes in the design, development, and implementation of automated software testing solutions. Elfriede Dustin has authored multiple software testing books and articles based on her many years of actual hands-on automated software testing experience. Elfriede leads IDT’s efforts in automated software testing research programs. Thom Garrett has experience in planning, testing, and deployment of complex systems for DoD and commercial applications for companies such as Public Broadcasting Service (PBS), Digital System Resources (DSR), Inc., and America Online (AOL). Thom received a master’s degree from the University of San Francisco. Bernie Gauf is the president of IDT. Bernie has been invited to participate in numerous DoD panels associated with the use of new technology, testing conferences, and as a guest speaker to share his insights on automated software testing.

Foreword by Admiral Edmund P. Giambastiani, Jr.     xv
Foreword by Dr. William Nylin, Jr.       xvii
Preface      xix
Acknowledgments      xxiii
About the Authors      xxv

Part I: What Is Automated Software Testing and Why Should We Automate?      1
Chapter 1: What Is Effective Automated Software Testing (AST)?      3
1.1 Automated Software Testing Definition 4
1.2 Automated Software Testing Recipes 5
1.3 Advances in AST Technologies 8
1.4 Automating Various Software Testing Types 11
1.5 Providing AST-Based Production Support 16
1.6 Automating Standards Assessments 18
Summary 20
Notes 21

Chapter 2: Why Automate?      23
2.1 The Challenges of Testing Software Today 24
2.2 Reducing the Time and Cost of Software Testing 26
2.3 Impacting Software Quality 38
2.4 Improvements to Your Software Test Program 42
Summary 49
Notes 50

Chapter 3: The Business Case      51
3.1 Definition of the Business Case 51
3.2 Identifying the Business Needs 53
3.3 Justifying Automation in Terms of Cost and Benefits 55
3.4 Risks 65
3.5 Other Considerations 67
Summary 68
Notes 68

Chapter 4: Why Automated Software Testing Fails and Pitfalls to Avoid      69
4.1 R&D Does Not Generally Focus on Automated or Manual Testing Efforts 71
4.2 AST Myths and Realities 74
4.3 Lack of Software Development Considerations for AST 83
4.4 The Forest for the Trees—Not Knowing Which Tool to Pick 91
4.5 Lack of Automation Standards across Tool Vendors 94
4.6 Lack of Business Case 97
Summary 97
Notes 97

Part II: How to Automate: Top Six Keys for Automation Payoff      99
Chapter 5: Key 1: Know Your Requirements      101
5.1 Understand the AST Support Requirements 102
5.2 Additional Information in Support of AST Requirements 114
5.3 When Information Is Not Available 116
5.4 Start Implementing Your Requirements Traceability Matrix (RTM) 124
Summary 128
Notes 128

Chapter 6: Key 2: Develop the Automated Test Strategy      129
6.1 The AST Strategy Document 131
6.2 Scope and Automated Test Objectives 132
6.3 Identify the Approach 139
6.4 Automated Software Test Framework (ASTF) 146
6.5 AST Environment/Configuration 150
6.6 Automating the RTM 159
6.7 Automated Defect Tracking 164
Summary 164
Notes 165

Chapter 7: Key 3: Test the Automated Software Test Framework (ASTF)      167
7.1 Verify That the ASTF Meets Specified Requirements and That Features Behave As Expected 169
7.2 Peer-Review All ASTF-Related Artifacts, Including Design, Development, and Test Cases 170
7.3 Verify Requirements and Coverage 182
7.4 Hold a Customer Review 183
Summary 184
Notes 184

Chapter 8: Key 4: Continuously Track Progress—and Adjust Accordingly      187
8.1 AST Program Tracking and Defect Prevention 188
8.2 AST Metrics 192
8.3 Root Cause Analysis 205
Summary 206
Notes 207

Chapter 9: Key 5: Implement AST Processes      209
9.1 AST Phases and Milestones 211
9.2 AST Phase 1: Requirements Gathering—Analyze Automated Testing Needs 212
9.3 AST Phase 2: Test Case Design and Development 215
9.4 AST Phase 3: Automated Software Testing Framework (ASTF) and Test Script Development 216
9.5 AST Phase 4: Automated Test Execution and Results Reporting 217
9.6 AST Phase 5: Program Review and Assessment 218
9.7 Virtual Quality Gates 219
9.8 Process Measurement 220
Summary 221
Notes 222

Chapter 10: Key 6: Put the Right People on the Project—Know the Skill Sets Required      223
10.1 Program Management 232
10.2 Systems Engineering 236
10.3 Software Development 239
10.4 Configuration Management 242
10.5 Quality Assurance 244
10.6 Subject Matter Experts (SMEs) 246
Summary 247
Notes 248

Appendices      249
Appendix A: Process Checklist      251
A.1 AST Phase 1: Requirements Gathering—Analyze Automated Testing Needs 252
A.2 AST Phase 2: Test Case Design and Development 253
A.3 AST Phase 3: Automated Software Testing Framework (ASTF) and Test Script Development 254
A.4 AST Phase 4: Automated Test Execution and Results Reporting 255
A.5 AST Phase 5: Program Review and Assessment 256

Appendix B: AST Applied to Various Testing Types      257
B.1 Security Testing 257
B.2 Soak Testing 261
B.3 Concurrency Testing 263
B.4 Performance Testing 265
B.5 Code Coverage Testing 269
B.6 Unit Testing 271
Notes 274

Appendix C: The Right Tool for the Job      275
C.1 Requirements Management (RM) 276
C.2 Unit Testing Frameworks—Example Evaluation 281
C.3 Configuration Management—Example Evaluation 284
C.4 Defect Tracking—Example Evaluation 292
C.5 Security Testing 299
C.6 Automated Software Testing Framework (ASTF)—Example Evaluation 306
C.7 Other STL Support Tools 316
Notes 319

Appendix D: Case Study: An Automated Software Testing Framework (ASTF) Example      321
D.1 Key Design Features 323
D.2 Test Manager 325
D.3 More on Automated Test Case and Test Code Generation 326
D.4 Results Reporting 328
D.5 Automated Defect Reporting 328
Notes 329

Contributing Authors      331

Index      333