SAP Netweaver Application Server Upgrade Guide

Bert Vanstechelman works as an independent SAP Basis Consultant and has approximately ten years of SAP experience. His most recent long-term assignments have been in SAP Basis Consulting roles running all kinds of SAP versions in combination with all possible databases and operating systems supported by SAP. Bert specializes in SAP hardware infrastructures, high availability, SAP installations, release upgrades, BW and SCM from a technical point of view and OS/DB migrations. Bert is a frequent contributor to the SAP Professional Journal and panel expert for SAP release upgrades and OS/DB migrations on SearchSAP.com's "ask the expert" feature. Mark Mergaerts is Principal Technology Consultant at SAP Belgium and has more than ten years experience with SAP Basis. His consulting activities, mainly with large SAP accounts, concentrate on the key areas of system administration, database management, upgrades and installations, performance and workload analysis, and OS/DB migrations. He also teaches advanced database administration and SAP performance classes to an international audience. After seven years of R/2, Dirk Matthys got involved in R/3 back in 1997. Dirk is a Senior ABAP developer working for one of the biggest Belgian Metal Transformation companies. In the last few years, his main activities have diverted to the twilight zone between the SAP technical and application world. He is responsible for the coordination of upgrade projects, the installation of Support Packages, SAP system and landscape monitoring, and performance. He also takes care of ongoing archiving and authorizations issues.

1. Introduction ... 21 2. Upgrading SAP: The Project Perspective ... 27 ... 2.1 Why Upgrade? ... 27 ... 2.2 What Is the Effort? ... 29 ... 2.3 To Which Release? ... 30 ... 2.4 The Technical SAP Upgrade in a Nutshell ... 30 3. The SAP Upgrade Project ... 33 ... 3.1 Project Planning ... 33 ... 3.2 Aspects to Consider ... 35 ... 3.3 Where to Start? ... 39 ... 3.4 The Master Project Plan ... 39 ... 3.5 The Project Team ... 41 ... 3.6 The Testing Phase ... 42 ... 3.7 Status Reporting ... 45 ... 3.8 Enabling New Customizing and Functionality ... 55 ... 3.9 Capacity Planning When Upgrading to SAP ERP ... 57 ... 3.10 SAP Solution Manager and the SAP Upgrade Roadmap ... 60 ... 3.11 Final Tips and Recommendations ... 61 4. Technical Background Information ... 63 ... 4.1 The SAP NetWeaver Architecture ... 63 ... 4.2 Introducing SAP ERP ... 66 ... 4.3 Names and Numbers: An Overview of SAP Releases ... 68 ... 4.4 Support Packages and Add-ons ... 69 ... 4.5 The System Switch Upgrade ... 70 ... 4.6 Upgrade Strategy Planning ... 72 ... 4.7 Database-Specific Aspects ... 76 ... 4.8 Upgrades in an MCOD System Landscape ... 78 ... 4.9 The SAP Landscape During the Upgrade ... 80 ... 4.10 Upgrading the Frontend Software ... 86 ... 4.11 The Customer-Based Upgrade ... 86 ... 4.12 The Application Specific Upgrade ... 88 ... 4.13 Synchronized Upgrade of Double-Stacked Systems ... 89 5. Planning the Upgrade ... 93 ... 5.1 Top-Level View ... 93 ... 5.2 Downtime-Minimized Versus Resource-Minimized ... 95 ... 5.3 Database Archiving Mode ... 96 ... 5.4 Which Strategy Is the Best? ... 98 ... 5.5 Time Schedule for Technical Upgrade ... 99 ... 5.6 Pre-Upgrade Downtime ... 101 ... 5.7 Upgrade Services ... 102 6. Preparing the Technical Upgrade ... 105 ... 6.1 The Upgrade Documentation ... 106 ... 6.2 Hardware and Software Requirements ... 114 ... 6.3 The Upgrade Directory ... 121 ... 6.4 The Media Directory ... 126 ... 6.5 The Upgrade Media ... 129 ... 6.6 Support Packages and Other Fixes ... 136 7. A Guided Tour of the Upgrade Tools ... 149 ... 7.1 Introducing the Tools ... 150 ... 7.2 Installation of the Upgrade Tools: ABAP ... 162 ... 7.3 Using the ABAP Upgrade Assistant ... 167 ... 7.4 Installation of the Upgrade Tools: Java ... 188 ... 7.5 Using the Java SDT GUI ... 191 ... 7.6 Ready to Go ... 196 8. Preparing the Upgrade for SAP ECC ... 197 ... 8.1 SAP Solution Manager System ... 197 ... 8.2 Review of Transport Requests ... 199 ... 8.3 Activities in the SAP System ... 199 9. PREPARE Process for SAP ECC ... 205 ... 9.1 PREPARE ... 205 ... 9.2 The Upgrade Assistant (UA) ... 208 ... 9.3 The Initial Extraction Script ... 210 ... 9.4 SAPup and Correction Transports ... 210 ... 9.5 Copy Phase List Files to PC (Optional) ... 211 ... 9.6 Install UA GUI on Workstation (Optional) ... 211 ... 9.7 Start the UA Server ... 212 ... 9.8 Start UA GUI and Log In ... 213 ... 9.9 Runtime of PREPARE ... 214 ... 9.10 Input Up to Phase Selection ... 215 ... 9.11 Entering the CD/DVD Mount Points ... 217 ... 9.12 Kernel Extraction and Optional Replacement ... 217 ... 9.13 Input for Server and Path Names ... 218 ... 9.14 Input for Parallel Processing ... 219 ... 9.15 Further Input for Path Names ... 219 ... 9.16 Input for MCOD ... 220 ... 9.17 Upgrade Key (from SAP Solution Manager) ... 220 ... 9.18 J2EE Instance (Double-Stacked System) ... 220 ... 9.19 Tool Import ... 221 ... 9.20 Input for Language Selection ... 221 ... 9.21 Add-on and Patch Binding ... 222 ... 9.22 Input for Modification Adjustment ... 226 ... 9.23 Input for the Shadow Instance ... 228 ... 9.24 Application-Specific Upgrade (ASU) ... 229 ... 9.25 Result of PREPARE ... 230 ... 9.26 Correcting Errors Reported by PREPARE ... 230 ... 9.27 Repeating PREPARE ... 235 ... 9.28 After the End of PREPARE ... 236 ... 9.29 SAP Start and Stop Scripts (UNIX) ... 237 ... 9.30 Resetting PREPARE ... 237 10. The Upgrade Process for SAP ECC ... 239 ... 10.1 Uptime or Downtime? ... 239 ... 10.2 Starting SAPup Without an Error-Free PREPARE ... 240 ... 10.3 Upgrade Assistant (UA) ... 240 ... 10.4 Starting the Upgrade ... 241 ... 10.5 Interaction Until Start of Import ... 241 ... 10.6 Data Import ... 247 ... 10.7 The Shadow Instance ... 247 ... 10.8 Stop for Modification Adjustment ... 248 ... 10.9 The Activation Phase ... 250 ... 10.10 Handling Activation Errors ... 252 ... 10.11 Repeat the Activation ... 255 ... 10.12 Shadow Instance Stopped ... 255 ... 10.13 Incremental Conversion (ICNV) ... 256 ... 10.14 Import Language Data and Support Packages ... 263 ... 10.15 Upgrade Waits for the J2EE Upgrade ... 264 ... 10.16 Upgrade Reaches Downtime Point ... 264 ... 10.17 Isolating the Central Instance ... 265 ... 10.18 Entering Downtime ... 268 ... 10.19 Logging on to SAP During Downtime ... 269 ... 10.20 Unlock the System to Correct Errors ... 269 ... 10.21 User Interaction and Monitoring During Downtime ... 270 ... 10.22 The Switch Phases: EU_SWITCH and KX_SWITCH_1 ... 270 ... 10.23 Table-Conversion Phase: PARCONV_UPG ... 270 ... 10.24 Import Control Data: TABIM_UPG ... 270 ... 10.25 Conversion Programs: XPRAS_UPG ... 271 ... 10.26 The Kernel Switch KX_SWITCH_2 ... 273 ... 10.27 The Final Phases ... 273 ... 10.28 Upgrade Information Files ... 278 ... 10.29 Closing the Upgrade Assistant ... 279 11. Upgrade Postprocessing for SAP ECC ... 281 ... 11.1 Actions at Operating System Level ... 281 ... 11.2 Actions at Database Level ... 282 ... 11.3 Activities in the SAP System ... 283 ... 11.4 Save the Upgrade Logs ... 291 12. Prepare the Upgrade for the AS Java ... 293 ... 12.1 Activities in the SAP System ... 293 ... 12.2 Ready to Go! ... 296 13. The PREPARE Process for the AS Java ... 297 ... 13.1 Functions of PREPARE ... 297 ... 13.2 Modification Adjustment ... 298 ... 13.3 Upgrade in a NWDI Landscape ... 299 ... 13.4 Starting PREPARE for the First Time ... 300 ... 13.5 Starting the SDTGui ... 301 ... 13.6 Start PREPARE ... 302 ... 13.7 PREPARE Modules: Initialization and Extraction ... 305 ... 13.8 PREPARE Module: Configuration ... 311 ... 13.9 PREPARE Modules: General Checks and Finalization ... 314 14. The Upgrade Process for the AS Java ... 317 ... 14.1 Starting the Upgrade ... 317 ... 14.2 UPGRADE Phases: DEPLOY_ ... 319 ... 14.3 Upgrade Phase: DOWNTIME_END ... 322 15. Upgrade Postprocessing for the AS Java ... 325 ... 15.1 The saproot.sh Script (UNIX) ... 325 ... 15.2 Upgrading the Dialog Instances ... 325 ... 15.3 Changing Passwords ... 326 ... 15.4 Updating the SLD Content ... 326 ... 15.5 Additional Postprocessing Steps ... 328 16. Upgrade of SAP NetWeaver Business Intelligence ... 329 ... 16.1 BW-Specific Tasks ... 330 ... 16.2 The PREPARE and Upgrade Process for SAP BW ... 339 ... 16.3 Upgrade Postprocessing for SAP BW ... 344 17. Upgrade of SAP SCM ... 347 ... 17.1 Upgrading SCM APO ... 347 ... 17.2 Preparatory Actions ... 350 ... 17.3 Program /SAPAPO/OM_LC_UPGRADE_50 ... 354 ... 17.4 PREPARE and Uptime Part of Upgrade ... 357 ... 17.5 Actions Between PREPARE and the Start of the Upgrade ... 363 ... 17.6 Uptime Part of Upgrade ... 364 ... 17.7 Downtime Part of Upgrade ... 364 ... 17.8 Postprocessing Activities for SCM ... 383 18. Upgrade of SAP CRM and SRM ... 387 19. Unicode and the Combined Upgrade and Unicode Conversion ... 389 ... 19.1 The Case for Unicode ... 391 ... 19.2 SAP and Multilanguage Support ... 395 ... 19.3 SAP and Unicode ... 396 ... 19.4 Combined Upgrade and Unicode Conversion (CU&UC) 20. Combined Upgrade and Unicode Conversion (CU&UC) in Detail ... 411 ... 20.1 UCCHECK and ABAP Preparation ... 412 ... 20.2 PREPARE ... 420 ... 20.3 Preconversion Data Analysis with SPUMG/SPUM4 ... 422 ... 20.4 Upgrade in the CU&UC Scenario ... 454 ... 20.5 The Unicode Conversion ... 458 ... 20.6 CU&UC Postprocessing ... 504 ... 20.7 Twin Upgrade & Unicode Conversion (TU&UC) ... 522 21. Modification Adjustment ... 527 ... 21.1 The Modification Browser SPDD ... 529 ... 21.2 SPDD Object List ... 531 ... 21.3 Adjusting Objects ... 532 ... 21.4 Table and Structure Fields ... 533 ... 21.5 Technical Settings for Tables ... 536 ... 21.6 Other Objects ... 537 ... 21.7 Returning an Object to the SAP Standard ... 538 ... 21.8 Keep the Transport for the Upgrade of the Next System ... 539 ... 21.9 Documenting Your Modifications ... 540 ... 21.10 Modification Adjustment with SPAU ... 541 22. Resetting the Upgrade ... 543 ... 22.1 Reset During PREPARE ... 544 ... 22.2 Reset SAPup Before MODPROF_TRANS ... 544 ... 22.3 Reset SAPup After MODPROF_TRANS ... 545 A. Vocabulary Hints ... 547 ... A.1 Example 1: Field in the Same Table ... 547 ... A.1.1 Case Study ... 547 ... A.1.2 Creating the Conditions ... 548 ... A.1.3 Creating the Wordlist ... 549 ... A.1.4 Creating the Hints ... 550 ... A.1.5 Effect of the Hint ... 551 ... A.1.6 Testing the Hint ... 551 ... A.1.7 Executing the Hint ... 552 ... A.1.8 Executing Hints in Parallel ... 552 ... A.1.9 Reusing the Hint ... 553 ... A.2 Example 2: Fields from a Different Table ... 554 ... A.2.1 Creating the View ... 554 ... A.2.2 Create Conditions, Wordlists, and Hints ... 555 ... A.2.3 Test and Execute the Hint ... 557 ... A.2.4 Extra Index for Hint Performance ... 557 B. SAP Releases and Upgrade Paths ... 559 ... B.1 SAP NetWeaver and Basis Releases ... 559 ... B.2 R/3 Releases ... 561 C. Database Transaction Log Modes ... 563 D. Codepages ... 565 E. SAP Notes ... 567 ... E.1 Upgrade Notes ... 567 ... E.2 Unicode Conversions ... 568 ... E.3 System Copies and Migrations ... 569 F. References ... 571 G. The Authors ... 573 Index ... 575