Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms

Zuben E Sauna is a Principal Investigator and product reviewer with the US Food and Drug Administration. His research interests lie in the next generation of therapeutic proteins and in pharmacogenetics. A key focus of his research activities has been to understand the pharmacogenetic basis of the immune response to protein therapeutics, which can significantly affect the efficacy and safety of these drugs. Chava Kimchi-Sarfaty is a Principal Investigator, product reviewer and Associate Director of Research at the Office of Tissues and Advanced Therapies, US Food and Drug Administration. Her research interests lie in the role of synonymous mutations in the human health and disease. Her pioneering work demonstrated that synonymous mutations, once considered "silent" can affect protein structure and function. Today numerous diseases and drug susceptibilities are associated with synonymous mutations.

SECTION I.- Chapter 1: Evolutionary Forces that Generate SNPs.- Chapter 2: Conserved SNPs: Providing Answers to Fundamental Questions in Human Biology.- Chapter 3: SNPs Classification and Terminology.- SECTION II.- Chapter 4: SNPs Ability to Influence Disease Risk.- Chapter 5: GWAS to Identify SNPs Associated with Common Diseases and Individual Risk.- SECTION III.- Chapter 6: A Case Study of Molecular Mechanisms by Which Non-Synonymous SNPs Alter Protein Structure and Function.- Chapter 7: A Case Study of Molecular Mechanisms by Which Synonymous SNPs Alter Protein Structure and Function.- SECTION IV.- Chapter 8: Using Genome-Wide Studies to Study Synonymous Codons.- Chapter 9: Bioinformatics Tools for Identification of SNPs.- Chapter 10: Bionformatic Tools for Predicting SNPs Effects on Gene Function and Phenotype.- Chapter 11: New Biophysical Techniques for Single mRNA Molecule Measurements.- Chapter 12: Emerging Mechanisms by Which Synonymous Mutations Affect Protein Folding, Protein Function and Physiological Changes.- SECTION V.- Chapter 13: SNPs and Personalized Medicine.- Chapter 14: Distribution of SNPs Associated with Personality Traits.- Chapter 15: Condon Optimization.