Multimodal Biometric and Machine Learning Technologies

Sandeep Kumar, PhD, is a professor in Computer Science & Engineering, Koneru Lakshmaiah Educational Foundation, India, He has published more than 150 journal articles and conference papers, 20 patents, and authored 13 books. Deepika Ghai, PhD, is an assistant professor at Lovely Professional University, India. She has published more than 35 research papers in refereed journals and conferences. She received the Dr. C.B. Gupta Award in 2021 at Lovely Professional University. Arpit Jain, PhD, is a professor at the Koneru Lakshmamai University Education Foundation, Vijayawada, A.P., India. He has published more than 40 research papers in international journals, filed 25+ patents as well as authored/edited five books. Suman Lata Tripathi, PhD, is a professor at Lovely Professional University with more than 21 years of experience in academics. She has published more than 105 research papers in refereed journals and conferences. She has published three books and currently has multiple volumes scheduled for publication from Wiley-Scrivener. Shilpa Rani, PhD, is an associate professor at the Neil Gogte Institute of Technology, Hyderabad, India, and specializes in computer science & engineering. She has authored seven books, more than 50 journal articles conference papers, as well as 14 patents.

Preface xiii

1 Multimodal Biometric in Computer Vision 1
Sunayana Kundan Shivthare, Yogesh Kumar Sharma and Ranjit D. Patil

1.1 Introduction 2

1.2 Importance of Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning and Deep Learning in Biometric System 2

1.3 Machine Learning 4

1.4 Deep Learning 6

1.5.1 Discussions 11

1.6 Biometric System 11

1.7 Need for Multimodal Biometric 15

1.8 Databases Used by Biometric System 17

1.9 Impact of DL in the Current Scenario 19

1.10 Conclusion 24

2 A Vaccine Slot Tracker Model Using Fuzzy Logic for Providing Quality of Service 31
Mohammad Faiz, Nausheen Fatima and Ramandeep Sandhu

2.1 Introduction 32

2.2 Related Research 33

2.3 Novelty of the Proposed Work 37

2.4 Proposed Model 38

2.5 Proposed Fuzzy-Based Vaccine Slot Tracker Model 42

2.6 Simulation 44

2.7 Conclusion 47

2.8 Future Work 50

3 Enhanced Text Mining Approach for Better Ranking System of Customer Reviews 53
Ramandeep Sandhu, Amritpal Singh, Mohammad Faiz, Harpreet Kaur and Sunny Thukral

3.1 Introduction 53

3.2 Techniques of Text Mining 55

3.3 Related Research 58

3.4 Research Methodology 63

3.5 Conclusion 67

4 Spatial Analysis of Carbon Sequestration Mapping Using Remote Sensing and Satellite Image Processing 71
Prashantkumar B. Sathvara, J. Anuradha, R. Sanjeevi, Sandeep Tripathi and Ankitkumar B. Rathod

4.1 Introduction 72

4.2 Materials and Methods 75

4.3 Results 77

4.4 Conclusion 79

5 Applications of Multimodal Biometric Technology 85
Shivalika Goyal and Amit Laddi

5.1 Introduction 85

5.2 Components of MBS 87

5.3 Biometrics Modalities 89

5.4 Applications of Multimodal Biometric Systems 89

5.5 Conclusion 97

6 A Study of Multimodal Colearning, Application in Biometrics and Authentication 103
Sandhya Avasthi, Tanushree Sanwal, Ayushi Prakash and Suman Lata Tripathi

6.1 Introduction 104

6.2 Multimodal Deep Learning Methods and Applications 108

6.3 MMDL Application in Biometric Monitoring 113

6.4 Fusion Levels in Multimodal Biometrics 116

6.5 Authentication in Mobile Devices Using Multimodal Biometrics 119

6.6 Challenges and Open Research Problems 122

6.7 Conclusion 123

7 A Structured Review on Virtual Reality Technology Application in the Field of Sports 129
Harmanpreet Kaur, Arpit Kulshreshtha and Deepika Ghai

7.1 Introduction 130

7.2 Related Work 132

7.3 Conclusion 142

8 A Systematic and Structured Review of Fuzzy Logic-Based Evaluation in Sports 145
Harmanpreet Kaur, Sourabh Chhatiye and Jimmy Singla

8.1 Introduction 146

8.2 Related Works 148

8.3 Conclusion 159

9 Machine Learning and Deep Learning for Multimodal Biometrics 163
Danvir Mandal and Shyam Sundar Pattnaik

9.1 Introduction 163

9.2 Machine Learning Using Multimodal Biometrics 165

9.3 Deep Learning Using Multimodal Biometrics 167

9.4 Conclusion 169

10 Machine Learning and Deep Learning: Classification and Regression Problems, Recurrent Neural Networks, Convolutional Neural Networks 173
R. K. Jeyachitra and Manochandar, S.

10.1 Introduction 174

10.2 Classification of Machine Learning 174

10.3 Supervised Learning 175

10.4 Unsupervised Learning 201

10.5 Reinforcement Learning 203

10.6 Hybrid Approach 204

10.7 Other Common Approaches 205

10.8 DL Techniques 210

10.9 Conclusion 219

11 Handwriting and Speech-Based Secured Multimodal Biometrics Identification Technique 227
Swathi Gowroju, V. Swathi and Ankita Tiwari

11.1 Introduction 228

11.2 Literature Survey 230

11.3 Proposed Method 231

11.4 Results and Discussion 237

11.5 Conclusion 248

12 Convolutional Neural Network Approach for Multimodal Biometric Recognition System for Banking Sector on Fusion of Face and Finger 251
Sandeep Kumar, Shilpa Choudhary, Swathi Gowroju and Abhishek Bhola

12.1 Introduction 252

12.2 Literature Work 253

12.3 Proposed Work 256

12.4 Results and Discussion 260

12.5 Conclusion 265

13 Secured Automated Certificate Creation Based on Multimodal Biometric Verification 269
Shilpa Choudhary, Sandeep Kumar, Monali Gulhane and Munish Kumar

13.1 Introduction 270

13.2 Literature Work 274

13.3 Proposed Work 276

13.4 Experiment Result 278

13.5 Conclusion and Future Scope 279

14 Face and Iris-Based Secured Authorization Model Using CNN 283
Munish Kumar, Abhishek Bhola, Ankita Tiwari and Monali Gulhane

14.1 Introduction 284

14.2 Related Work 285

14.3 Proposed Methodology 287

14.4 Results and Discussion 291

14.5 Conclusion and Future Scope 296

References 297

Index 301