Signal Processing for Joint Radar Communications

Kumar Vijay Mishra, PhD, is a Senior Fellow at the United States CCDC Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, USA. He received his PhD from The University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA in 2015 and is the co-editor of four upcoming books on radar. M. R. Bhavani Shankar, PhD, is an Assistant Professor at the University of Luxembourg where he will be heading the SPARC research group. He received his PhD from Indian Institute of Science and has over 200 publications in wireless and satellite communications as well as radar. Bjorn Ottersten, PhD, is Professor of Electrical Engineering at KTH, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden. He received the PhD from Stanford University in 1990 and has over 900 publications on topics in signal processing, wireless communications, and radar. A. Lee Swindlehurst, PhD, is Professor of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science at the University of California Irvine. He received the PhD from Stanford University in 1991, and has over 350 publications on topics in signal processing, wireless communications and radar.

List of Editors xvi

List of Contributors xvii

Foreword xxi

Preface xxii

Acknowledgments xxvii

Part I Fundamental Limits and Background 1

1 A Signal Processing Outlook Toward Joint Radar-Communications 3
Kumar Vijay Mishra, M. R. Bhavani Shankar, Björn Ottersten, and A. Lee Swindlehurst

1.1 Introduction 3

1.2 Policy and Licensing Issues 5

1.3 Legal Challenges 5

1.4 Agency-Driven Projects 6

1.5 Channel Considerations 7

1.6 JRC Coexistence 15

1.7 JRC Co-Design 16

1.8 Emerging JRC Applications 28

1.9 Open Problems and Summary 30

References 31

2 Principles of Radar-Centric Dual-Function Radar-Communication Systems 37
Aboulnasr Hassanien and Moeness G. Amin

2.1 Background 37

2.2 DFRC System Model 39

2.3 DFRC Using Fixed Radar Waveforms 42

2.4 DFRC Using Modulated Radar Waveforms 49

2.5 DFRC Using Index Modulation 53

2.6 Challenges and Future Trends 58

References 58

3 Interference, Clutter, and Jamming Suppression in Joint Radar–Communications Systems – Coordinated and Uncoordinated Designs 61
Jeremy Johnston, Junhui Qian, and Xiaodong Wang

3.1 Introduction 61

3.2 Joint Design of Coordinated Joint Radar–Communications Systems 63

3.3 Interference Suppression in Uncoordinated Joint Radar–Communications Systems 73

3.4 Conclusion 85

References 85

4 Beamforming and Interference Management in Joint Radar–Communications Systems 89
Tuomas Aittomäki, Yuanhao Cui, and Visa Koivunen

4.1 Introduction 89

4.2 System Overview 93

4.3 JRC Beamforming 96

4.4 Multicarrier Waveforms for JRC 106

4.5 Precoder Design for Multiple JRC Users 112

4.6 Summary 123

List of Symbols 124

References 126

5 Information Theoretic Aspects of Joint Sensing and Communications 130
Mari Kobayashi and Giuseppe Caire

5.1 Introduction 130

5.2 Information Theoretic Model 131

5.3 Fundamental Trade-off Between Sensing and Communications 133

5.4 Application to Joint Radar and Communications 139

5.5 Concluding Remarks 145

5.A Proof of Theorem 5.1 147

5.B Proof of Theorem 5.2 149

Acknowledgment 150

References 150

Part II Physical-Layer Signal Processing 155

6 Radar-aided Millimeter Wave Communication 157
Nuria González-Prelcic, Anum Ali, and Yun Chen

6.1 Motivation for Radar-aided Communication 157

6.2 Radar-aided Communication Exploiting Position Information 159

6.3 Radar-aided Communication Exploiting Covariance Information 163

6.4 Challenges and Opportunities 174

References 175

7 Design of Constant-Envelope Radar Signals Under Multiple Spectral Constraints 178
Augusto Aubry, Jing Yang, Antonio DeMaio, Guolong Cui, and Xianxiang Yu

7.1 Introduction 178

7.2 System Model and Problem Formulation 180

7.3 Radar Waveform Design Procedure 184

7.4 Performance Analysis 193

7.5 Conclusion 196

7.A Appendix 196

References 203

8 Spectrum Sharing Between MIMO Radar and MIMO Communication Systems 207
Bo Li and Athina P. Petropulu

8.1 Introduction 207

8.2 MIMO Radars Using Sparse Sensing 210

8.3 Coexistence System Model 217

8.4 Cooperative Spectrum Sharing 220

8.5 Numerical Results 231

8.6 Conclusions 237

References 237

9 Performance and Design for Cooperative MIMO Radar and MIMO Communications 244
Qian He, Zhen Wang, Junze Zhu, and Rick S. Blum

9.1 Introduction and Literature Review 244

9.2 Cooperative CERC System Model 250

9.3 Hybrid Active–Passive Cooperative CERC MIMO Radar System 252

9.4 Radar-aided MIMO Communications in Cooperative CERC System 260

9.5 Cooperative Radar and Communications System Co-design 264

9.6 Conclusions 268

References 269

Part III Networking and Hardware Implementations 275

10 Frequency-Hopping MIMO Radar-based Data Communications 277
Kai Wu, Jian A. Zhang, Xiaojing Huang, and Yingjie J. Guo

10.1 Introduction 277

10.2 System Diagram and Signal Model 279

10.3 Practical FH-MIMO DFRC 282

10.4 Discussion 289

References 292

11 Optimized Resource Allocation for Joint Radar-Communications 295
Ammar Ahmed and Yimin D. Zhang

11.1 Introduction 295

11.2 Single Transmitter-Based JRC System 297

11.3 Transmit Array-Based JRC System 303

11.4 Distributed JRC System 308

11.5 Conclusions 315

References 316

12 Emerging Prototyping Activities in Joint Radar-Communications 319
M. R. Bhavani Shankar, Kumar Vijay Mishra, and Mohammad Alaee-Kerahroodi

12.1 Motivation 319

12.2 Prototyping: General Principles and Categorization 320

12.3 JRC Prototypes: Typical Features and Functionalities 322

12.4 JRC Prototyping 326

12.5 Coexistence JRC Prototype 328

12.6 Other JRC Prototypes 340

12.7 Conclusion 343

References 343

13 Secrecy Rate Maximization for Intelligent Reflective Surface-Assisted MIMO Communication Radar 346
Sisai Fang, Gaojie Chen, Sangarapillai Lambotharan, Cunhua Pan, and Jonathon A. Chambers

13.1 Introduction 346

13.2 System Model 349

13.3 System Optimizations 352

13.4 Simulation Results 359

13.5 Conclusion 363

13.A Appendix 363

References 364

14 Privacy in Spectrum Sharing Systems with Applications to Communications and Radar 367
Konstantinos Psounis and Matthew A. Clark

14.1 Introduction 367

14.2 Spectrum Sharing Systems 369

14.3 User Privacy in Spectrum Sharing 372

14.4 Optimal Privacy and Performance 376

14.5 Practical Privacy Preservation 378

14.6 Spectrum Sharing Case Studies with Radar Primary Users 381

14.7 Summary and Future Directions 396

References 397

Epilogue 401

Index 403