Analysis of Multivariate Data with SPSS (eBook)

Title Page 4
Copyright 5
Preface 8
Table of Contents 10
1. Introduction 16
1.1 Levels of Variables 16
1.2 Types of Variables 17
1.3 Dimensions of a Data Set 18
1.4 Export to WORD 18
1.5 Summary 20
2. Statistical Analysis 22
2.1 Statistical Tests 23
2.2 Summary 24
3. Test Of Stochastic Independence 26
3.1 Pearson Chi-Square Test 29
3.2 Summary 36
3.3 SPSS Commands 36
3.3.1 Pearson Chi-Square Test 36
3.3.2 How to Select Cases 38
3.3.3 How to Class Cases 39
4. Measures of Association 42
4.1 Bravais-Pearson Correlation Coefficient 42
4.2 Spearman’s rank correlation 43
4.3 Kendall’s tau-b 48
4.4 Gamma Coefficient 54
4.5 Coefficient of Contingency 56
4.6 Summary 58
4.7 SPSS Commands 60
4.7.1 Recoding data 60
4.7.2 Correlation Coefficient of Bravais-Pearson 60
4.7.3 Spearman’s-rho 61
4.7.4 Kendall’s tau-b 62
4.7.5 Gamma 66
4.7.6 Coefficient of Contingency 66
5. Goodness-of-Fit Test Normal Distribution 68
5.1 Lilliefors Test 69
5.2 Shapiro-Wilk Test 72
5.3 Jarque-Bera Test 73
5.4 Histogram versus Normal Distribution 78
5.5 Empirical Cumulative Distribution Function versus Normal Distribution 79
5.6 Quantile-Quantile Plot 81
5.7 Summary 83
5.8 SPSS Commands 85
5.8.1 Lilliefors Test 85
5.8.2 Shapiro-Wilk Test 86
5.8.3 Histogram versus Normal Distribution 87
5.8.4 Empirical c.d.fversus Normal c.d.f 88
5.8.5 QQ-Plot 89
6. Test of the Homogeneity of Two Variances 90
6.1 Levene Test 90
6.2 Summary 93
6.3 SPSS Commands 93
7. Test on TwoMeans 96
7.1 Two-sided t-Test 96
7.2 Two-sided Welch Test 99
7.3 One-sided t-Test and One-sided Welch Test 102
7.4 Summary 106
7.5 SPSS Commands 107
8. Regression Analysis 112
8.1 Multiple Linear Regression 112
8.1.1 One Independent Variable 114
8.1.2 Two Or More Independent Variables 123
8.1.3 Multiple Correlation Coefficient 124
8.1.4 Adjusted R-Square 125
8.1.5 Multicollinearity 127
8.1.6 Forecasting 129
8.1.7 Heteroscedasticity 130
8.1.8 Testing in Linear Regression Models 131
8.1.9 Summary 136
8.1.10 SPSS-Commands Multiple Linear Regression 138
8.2 Binary Logistic Regression 144
8.2.1 SPSS-Commands Binary Logistic Regression 146
8.3 Multinomial Logistic Regression 149
8.3.1 SPSS-Commands Multinomial Logistic Regression 153
8.4 Ordinal Regression 157
8.4.1 SPSS-Commands Ordinal Regression 162
8.5 Summary 166
9. Graphical Summaries of Data 168
9.1 Scatter Plot 168
9.2 Bar Charts 171
9.3 Pie Chart 173
9.4 Boxplot (Whisker-Plot) 175
10. Analysis of Variance 180
10.1 Three or More Groups 180
10.2 Special Case: Two Groups 183
10.3 Summary 186
10.4 SPSS-Commands 186
10.4.1 Compare Two Means 186
10.4.2 Compare Three or More Means 188
11. Kruskal-Wallis Test 190
11.1 Summary 193
11.2 SPSS-Commands 195
12. Principal Components Analysis 196
12.1 Univariate Data Set 196
12.2 Bivariate Data Set 196
12.3 Multivariate Data Set 202
12.4 Summary 206
12.5 SPSS-Commands 207
12.5.1 Principal Components Analysis 207
12.5.2 Order Based on the First Principal Component 209
12.5.3 Scatter Plot with the First Two Principal Components 210
13. Cluster Analysis 212
13.1 Hierarchical Cluster Analysis 212
13.2 K-Means Cluster Analysis 224
13.3 Two-Step Cluster Analysis 232
13.4 Summary 235
13.5 SPSS-Commands 236
13.5.1 Hierarchical Cluster Analysis 236
13.5.2 K-Means Cluster Analysis 237
13.5.3 Two-Step Cluster Analysis 238
14. Summary 240
14.1 Overview of Questions 240
14.2 Overview of the Levels of the Variables 243
A. Quantils of theNormal Distribution 248
B. Literature 252
C. Online Course Materials 254
D. Index 255