Micro-Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering (eBook)

Preface 6
Contents 7
About the Editors 14
Radio Direction-Finding Techniques for an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle 16
1 Introduction 16
1.1 Background 17
2 RDF Literature Review 17
2.1 Tracking, Radio Direction-Finding Systems and Methods 17
2.2 Classical Directional Antennas 18
2.3 Doppler Direction Finder 19
2.4 Interferometer (Phase Delay and Time Delay) 19
3 UAV Literature Review 20
3.1 Fight Controller 21
3.2 Autopilot Control 21
3.3 Software Platforms 22
4 Results 23
4.1 RDF Technique Evaluation 23
4.2 UAV Evaluation 23
4.3 Proposed Hardware and Software Configuration 24
5 Conclusion 24
References 25
Wine Quality Analysis Using Machine Learning Algorithms 26
1 Introduction 27
2 Literature Survey 27
2.1 Documentary Research 27
2.2 Algorithm Analysis 28
3 Methodology 29
3.1 Model Overview 30
3.2 Data Description 31
4 Result and Analysis 32
5 Conclusion and Future Work 33
References 33
Internet Traffic Detection and Classification Using Machine Learning 34
1 Introduction 35
2 Methodology 35
3 Machine Learning Algorithms 37
3.1 Gaussian Naïve Bayes 37
3.2 K-Nearest Neighbours 38
3.3 Artificial Neural Network 39
3.4 Decision Tree 40
3.5 Random Forest Algorithm 40
4 Results 41
5 Conclusion 43
References 44
Secure Intelligent Optimized Link Heuristic in Cross-Network Handover for IoT 45
1 Introduction 45
2 State of the Art 47
3 Network Simulation 50
4 Result Analysis 51
5 Conclusion 53
References 53
Remote Monitoring of Vital Parameters with IoT-Based Sensing System 55
1 Introduction 55
2 Telemedicine 56
3 Internet of Things 56
4 Methodology and Discussion 57
5 Software and Hardware Requirements 57
6 Description of System Components 58
6.1 IoT Webpage 58
6.2 ESP8266 Wi-Fi Module 58
6.3 Arduino Uno Board 59
6.4 HX711 Weight Sensor 60
6.5 LM 35 Temperature Sensor 60
6.6 Alcohol Sensor (MQ-3) 60
6.7 Heart Rate and Pulse Oximetery Sensor IC 61
7 Results and Discussion 61
8 Conclusion 62
References 63
Economic Load Dispatch Using PSO 64
1 Introduction 64
2 Mathematical Modeling 65
3 Evolutionary Optimization Techniques 66
4 PSO Methodology 67
5 PSO Algorithm 68
6 Results and Discussion 71
7 Conclusion 73
References 76
Effective Vibration Damping Using Self-tuning Smart Material 78
1 Introduction 78
2 Methodology 79
2.1 Piezoelectric Materials 79
2.2 Capacitance of Piezoelectric Materials 79
2.3 Natural Frequency 80
2.4 Single-Mode Passive Shunt Damping Using Piezoelectric Materials 80
2.5 R–L Shunt Series Circuit Design 81
3 Experimental Configuration 83
3.1 Design of a Synthetic Inductor 83
4 Experimental Results 84
5 Conclusion 86
References 87
Performance Analysis of BIPV Solar Panel Under the Effect of External Conditions 88
1 Introduction 88
2 Experimental Setup 90
3 Results and Discussion 91
4 Conclusion 94
References 97
Classification of Prediabetes and Healthy Subjects in Plantar Infrared Thermal Imaging Using Various Machine Learning Algorithms 98
1 Introduction 99
2 Materials and Methodology 100
2.1 Study Population and Measurements 100
2.2 Experimental Protocol and Thermal Imaging Analysis 100
2.3 Classifiers and Statistical Analysis 101
3 Results 102
4 Discussions 103
5 Conclusion 107
References 107
Fog Computing using Interoperability and IoT Security Issues in Health Care 110
1 Introduction 110
2 Devices to Be Connected 112
3 Interoperability Issues 114
4 Security Issues 114
5 Conclusion 117
References 118
Comparison of Manual and Semi-automated Method in Measurement of Joint Space Width Measurement in Feet Region of RA Patients 119
1 Introduction 119
2 Materials and Methodology 120
2.1 Study Population and Measurements 120
2.2 Manual Measurements 121
2.3 Semi-automated Measurements 122
2.4 Statistical Analysis 122
3 Results and Discussion 122
4 Conclusion 126
References 128
Translation into Pali Language from Brahmi Script 129
1 Introduction 129
2 Literature 130
3 Brahmi Script 131
3.1 Properties of Brahmi Script 132
3.2 Characteristic 132
4 Pali Language 132
4.1 Relationship Between Characters of Brahmi Script and Pali Language 132
5 Methodology 133
5.1 Input 133
5.2 Mapping 134
5.3 Output Text 134
6 Experimental Result 135
7 Conclusion 135
References 135
The Dataset for Printed Brahmi Word Recognition 137
1 Introduction 137
2 Writing Systems and Scripts of the World 138
2.1 Logographic System 139
2.2 Syllabic System 139
2.3 Abjad System 139
2.4 Abugida System 140
2.5 True Alphabetic 140
2.6 Featural System 140
3 Literature Review 140
4 Methodology 142
4.1 Data Collection 142
4.2 Segmentation 142
4.3 Data Storage and Labeling 143
4.4 Statistical Distribution 143
5 Conclusion 143
References 144
A Fractal Boundary Wideband Antenna with DGS for X-Band Application 146
1 Introduction 146
2 Antenna Design and Analysis 147
3 Simulated and Measured Results 147
4 Conclusion 151
References 151
An Approach to Automated Spam Detection Using Deep Neural Network and Machine Learning Classifiers 153
1 Introduction 153
2 Preliminaries 154
2.1 Naïve Bayes Classifier 154
2.2 Artificial Neural Network 155
3 Related Work 155
4 Methodology 156
4.1 Data Preprocessing and Preparation 156
4.2 Training 156
4.3 Testing 158
4.4 Hyperparameter Tuning 159
5 Result 159
6 Conclusion 161
References 161
Analysis and Implementation of IWT-SVD Scheme for Video Steganography 162
1 Introduction 162
1.1 Different Steganography Techniques 163
2 Related Work 164
3 Parameters in Video Steganography 166
3.1 Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR) 166
3.2 Mean Square Error (MSE) 166
4 Proposed Work and Discussion 166
4.1 Embedding Algorithm 167
5 Experimental Results 168
6 Conclusion 170
References 171
Handling Sparsity in Cross-Domain Recommendation Systems: Review 172
1 Introduction 172
2 CDRS Issues and Challenges 173
3 Causes and Solutions to Data Sparsity 175
4 Literature Review 176
5 Conclusion and Future Perspectives 182
References 182
Enabling Edge Computing in an IoT-Based Weather Monitoring Application 184
1 Introduction 184
2 Related Work 185
3 Architecture 186
3.1 Device Layer 187
3.2 Edge Layer 187
3.3 Cloud Layer 187
4 Implementation 187
5 Experiments 188
6 Results and Discussion 190
7 Conclusion and Future Work 191
References 192
Green Cloud Job Scheduling and Load Balancing Using Hybrid Biogeography Based Optimization and Genetic Algorithm: A Proposed Approach 193
1 Introduction 193
2 Related Work 195
3 Problem Definition/Need of Study 196
3.1 Hybrid Cloud 196
3.2 Features of Cloud Computing 196
3.3 Challenges of Cloud Computing 198
4 Cloud Scheduling 198
4.1 Optimization as a Solution to Cloud Scheduling 199
4.2 Architecture of Scheduling and Load Balancing 199
4.3 Working of Load Balancer 201
4.4 Expected Outcome 202
5 Conclusion 202
References 202
Detection of Hazardous Analyte Using Transparent Gate Thin-Film Transistor 204
1 Introduction 205
2 Device Design and Simulation Methodology 205
3 Simulation Outcomes With Explanations 207
4 Conclusion 210
References 210
A Robustness Analysis of Different Nonlinear Autoregressive Networks Using Monte Carlo Simulations for Predicting High Fluctuation Rainfall 212
1 Introduction 212
2 Material and Method 213
2.1 Methods Used 213
2.2 Data Used 214
3 Results and Discussion 215
4 Conclusion 217
References 218
Daily Rainfall Prediction Using Nonlinear Autoregressive Neural Network 220
1 Introduction 221
2 Material and Method 222
2.1 Method Used 222
2.2 Data Used 223
3 Results and Discussion 224
4 Conclusion 226
References 226
Demographic Analysis of World Population Using Various Predictive Algorithms 229
1 Introduction 229
2 Related Work Done 230
3 Methodology 231
4 Implementation 234
5 Results 234
5.1 Linear Regression 234
5.2 Polynomial Regression 235
5.3 Decision Tree 236
5.4 Random Forest 236
6 Conclusion and Comparison 237
References 238
Attribute-Based Access Control Schemes in Cloud: Performance and Research Directions 240
1 Introduction 240
2 Taxonomy of Attribute-Based Access Control Schemes 241
3 Performance Analysis of Attribute-Based Access Control Schemes 244
4 Research Directions 245
5 Conclusion 247
References 247
Junctionless Gaussian Doped Negative Capacitance SOI Transistor: Investigation of Device Performance for Analog and Digital Applications 249
1 Introduction 249
1.1 Literature Review 250
2 Device Structure and Simulation Approach 251
3 Results and Discussion 252
4 Conclusion 255
References 256
Development of a Down-Converter for a Software-Defined Radio Environment 258
1 Introduction 258
2 Receiver Architectures 260
2.1 Homodyne/Direct-Conversion/Zero-IF Receiver 260
2.2 SuperHeterodyne/Heterodyne Receiver 262
2.3 Low-IF Receiver 263
2.4 Image-Reject Receivers 263
2.5 Summary and Conclusion 265
References 266
Analysis for Time-Synchronized Channel Swapping in Wireless Sensor Network 268
1 Introduction 269
2 Related Work and Comparison 270
3 Proposed Model and Performance Parameters 272
4 Performance Parameters 274
5 Conclusion 275
References 276
Adiabatic Design Implementation of Digital Circuits for Low Power Applications 277
1 Introduction 277
2 Conventional CMOS 278
3 Adiabatic Logic 279
4 Results and Discussion 282
5 Conclusion 288
References 288
A Review: Emerging Trends of Big Data in Higher Educational Institutions 290
1 Introduction 291
2 Literature Review 291
2.1 Education 291
2.2 Understanding Big Data 292
2.3 Educational Data Mining 293
2.4 Learning Analytics 293
2.5 Video Analytics 294
3 Proposed Model 295
4 Implementation 296
5 Conclusion 297
6 Future Works 297
References 297
Realization of a Dual Stop Band for ‘S’ and ‘X’ Bands From the Complimentary Geometry of the Dual Pass Band (S and X Band Application) FSSs 299
1 Introduction 299
2 Unit Cell Design 300
3 Simulation Results 302
3.1 Parametric Study 303
4 Conclusion 304
References 304
Defect Prediction of Cross Projects Using PCA and Ensemble Learning Approach 306
1 Introduction 307
2 Literature Review 307
3 Imperative Knowledge 308
3.1 Description of Metrics and Dataset 308
3.2 Dimensionality Reduction 308
3.3 Ensemble Learning Modeling Approach 309
3.4 Performance Measures 309
4 Proposed Methodology 309
4.1 Experiment 1 310
4.2 Experiment 2 310
5 Results 311
6 Conclusion 313
References 313
Performance Analysis of Square and Triangular CNT Bundle Interconnects Driven by CNTFET-Based Inverters 315
1 Introduction 315
2 Proposed Interconnect Models 316
3 Transient Analysis 317
4 Crosstalk Analysis 320
5 Conclusions 321
References 322
A Current Tunable Third-Order Oscillator Using CCDDCC 323
1 Introduction 323
2 Circuit Description 324
2.1 Circuit Topology of CCDDCC 324
2.2 Proposed Current Tunable Third-Order Oscillator 326
3 Simulation Results 327
4 Conclusion 328
References 329
Parametric Classification of Dynamic Community Detection Techniques 331
1 Introduction 331
1.1 Dynamic Graphs 331
1.2 Community 332
1.3 Community Life Cycle 332
2 Dynamic Community Detection 332
2.1 Network Models 333
2.2 Network Memory 334
2.3 Community Instability 334
2.4 Temporal Smoothing 334
3 Classification of DCD Techniques 334
4 Conclusion and Future Work 337
References 337
A Low-Profile Compact Ultra-Wideband Antenna for Wireless Applications 339
1 Introduction 339
2 Antenna Layout 341
3 Results and Discussion 342
3.1 Results 342
3.2 Various Design Stages 342
4 Conclusion 346
References 346
Weather Monitoring System Using Smart Sensors Based on IoT 348
1 Introduction 348
2 Internet of Things (IoT) 349
3 Implementation 349
4 Methodology 350
4.1 GSM SIM 900A 350
4.2 Temperature and Humidity Sensor (DHT11) 351
4.3 Raindrop Module 351
4.4 Light-Dependent Resistor (LDR) Sensor 351
4.5 Voltage Regulator 352
4.6 Pollution Sensor (MQ-135 Gas Sensor) 353
4.7 BMP180 Sensor 353
5 Implementation and Working 353
6 Result and Discussion 355
7 Conclusion 358
References 359
Brain Tumor Detection Using Image Processing Based on Anisotropic Filtration Techniques 361
1 Introduction 361
1.1 Magnetic Resonance Imaging 361
1.2 Tumor of the Brain 362
1.3 Problem Definition 362
1.4 Project Definition 362
1.5 Objective 363
2 Literature Review 363
3 Research and Methodology 364
3.1 Limitations to Existing Systems 364
3.2 Solutions in Proposed System 364
4 Proposed System 364
4.1 Getting an MRI Image 364
4.2 Anisotropic Diffusion Filter 365
4.3 Image Thresholding 365
4.4 Thinning 366
4.5 Segmentation Technique 366
5 Comparative Study 366
6 Result and Discussions 367
7 Conclusions 368
7.1 Limitations of the System 368
7.2 Advantages of the System 368
7.3 Implications for the Future 368
References 369
Sales Terminal Interactive Device for Disabled People 370
1 Introduction 371
2 Technology Aspects and Methodology 372
2.1 Screen 372
2.2 Status Bar 373
2.3 Buttons with Engraved Braille 373
2.4 Audio Action Bar 374
2.5 Yes/No Button 375
2.6 Language Toggle 375
3 Comparative Analysis 375
4 Economic Analysis 377
4.1 Raw Materials Cost 377
4.2 Utilities and Operating Labour Cost 377
5 Challenges 378
6 Conclusions 379
References 379
Ranking of E-Commerce Sites in India Using Decision-Making Approach 381
1 Introduction 381
1.1 Development of the Hierarchy Model 382
1.2 Factors for Determination of the Best E-Commerce Site 382
2 Adopted Methodology 385
2.1 Implementation of AHP and Its Calculations 385
3 Validation of Result 386
4 Conclusion 387
References 388
Computing Diet Composition for Patients with High Cholesterol Using Decision-Making Approach 389
1 Introduction 390
2 Methodology 391
3 Experimental Work 393
4 Validation of the Experimental Work 394
5 Conclusion and Future Aspect 395
References 396
Automatic Vehicular Number Plate Recognition (VNPR) for Identification of Vehicle Using OCR and Tesseract 397
1 Introduction 397
2 Literature Review 398
3 Methodology 399
4 Computer Vision Process 400
5 Results 400
6 Challenges Associated 402
7 Conclusions and Future Work 404
References 404
High-Frequency CNTFET-Based Voltage-Controlled Oscillator for PLL Application 406
1 Introduction 406
2 Design Description of VCO 407
3 Delay Cell Working Methodology 408
4 Simulations 409
5 Conclusion 412
References 412
Trajectory Tracking Control of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle for Autonomous Applications 413
1 Introduction 413
2 Related Work 414
3 Control Law 414
4 Working Model 416
4.1 Geometric Controller 416
4.2 Trajectory Publisher 418
4.3 Controller Benchmark 418
5 Simulations and Results Analysis 419
6 Conclusion and Future Scope 421
References 421
Evaluation and Study of IoT Entrances 423
1 Introduction 424
2 Literature 425
3 Existing Techniques 426
4 Applications of IoT Gateways 427
5 Result 428
6 Conclusion 429
References 429
Survey on the Impact of FSM Design for High-Performance Architecture Evaluation 431
1 Introduction 431
2 Literatures 432
3 Methodology 433
4 Applications 434
5 Result and Conclusion 436
References 436
A Taxonomy and Survey of Data Partitioning Algorithms for Big Data Distributed Systems 438
1 Introduction 439
2 Literature Review 439
3 Data Partitioning 440
3.1 Data Partitioning Taxonomy 441
3.2 Different Categories of Data Partitioning Techniques 441
3.3 Evaluation Criteria for Data Partitioning Strategies 441
3.4 Evaluation of Performance for Different Data Partitioning Strategies 442
4 Advantages, Disadvantages, and Future Directions of Different Data Partitioning Strategies 446
5 Conclusion 447
References 447
Voice-Based Automation Control Platform for Home Electrical Devices 449
1 Introduction 450
1.1 Background and Statement of the Problem 450
1.2 Purpose and Specific Objectives 450
1.3 Significance of the Study 451
1.4 Scope of the Study 451
2 Literature Review 451
2.1 Actor–Network Theory 451
2.2 Application of Voice Control and Automation Devices 451
2.3 Principles of Voice Control Systems 452
2.4 Voice-Based System for Home Communication 452
2.5 Voice-Controlled Smart Home 452
3 System Analysis and Design 453
3.1 Analysis of Existing System 453
3.2 Constraints of Existing Systems 453
3.3 Analysis of the Proposed System 454
3.4 Justification of the Proposed System 454
3.5 Method of the Proposed System 454
3.6 Design of the System 454
3.7 Architecture of the Proposed System 455
4 Implementation Architecture 457
5 Summary and Conclusion 458
5.1 Summary 458
5.2 Conclusion 459
6 Recommendations 459
References 459
Modeling and Simulation of Inertial Navigation System 460
1 Introduction 460
2 Result 467
3 Conclusion 469
References 469
Dual Watermarking for Colour Images’ Copyright and Authentication Using DWT Technique 471
1 Introduction 471
2 Related Work 472
3 Proposed Methodology 472
4 Results and Discussion 475
5 Conclusion 477
References 479
A Transition Toward Green IT: An Initiative 480
1 Introduction 480
2 Phases of Computing System 481
2.1 Designing [3] 481
2.2 Manufacturing and Production 482
2.3 Packaging 482
2.4 Distribution 482
2.5 Use 482
2.6 Disposal [3] 482
3 Minimizing Power Consumption 483
3.1 Hardware 483
3.2 Software 483
3.3 Basic 484
4 Conclusions 484
References 484
Vision-Based Real-Time Human–Computer Interaction on Hand Gesture Recognition 486
1 Introduction 487
2 Literature Review 487
2.1 Manipulative Gesture System 488
2.2 Semaphoric Gesture System 488
2.3 Conversational Gesture System 488
3 Methodology 489
3.1 Hand Segmentation 489
3.2 Background Subtraction 489
3.3 Threshold 489
3.4 Contour Extraction 489
3.5 Finger Tally 491
4 Result 492
5 Conclusion 493
References 493
Investigations of Rectangular Dielectric Resonating Antenna Excited by CPW Feed 495
1 Introduction 495
2 Method of Analysis 496
3 Proposed Antenna Design 498
4 Dimensions and Parameters 499
5 Results 500
6 Conclusion 503
References 505
Design and Performance Analysis of Circular Microstrip Patch Array (2?×?2) for S-Band Wireless Applications 506
1 Introduction 506
2 Model Design and Simulation 507
3 Result and Discussion 509
3.1 S11 Response 509
3.2 Bandwidth 509
3.3 VSWR 509
3.4 Antenna Gain 510
3.5 Radiation Pattern 511
4 Conclusion 512
References 513
A Secure Key Agreement Protocol for Data Communication in Public Network Based on the Diffie-Hellman Key Agreement Protocol 515
1 Introduction 515
2 Review on Lee and Lee Scheme 516
2.1 Key Establishment Phase 517
2.2 Key Validation Phase 517
3 Security Weakness in Lee and Lee Protocol 518
3.1 Man-in-the-Middle Attack 518
3.2 Reply Attack 519
3.3 Impersonate Attack 519
4 Proposed Work 519
4.1 Key Establishment Phase 520
4.2 Key Validation Phase 521
5 Security Analysis of High Secrecy Diffie-Hellman Key Agreement Protocol 522
5.1 Informal Verification 522
5.2 Formal Verification Using ProVerif 524
6 Performance Evolution 526
7 Conclusion 526
References 526
A Secure Steganographic Scheme Based on Chaotic Map and DNA Computing 528
1 Introduction 528
2 Preliminaries 529
2.1 LSB Substitution 529
2.2 The Chaotic Logistic Map 530
2.3 Encryption Using DNA Sequencing 530
3 The Proposed Scheme 531
3.1 The PRNS Generator 531
4 Experimental Results 532
4.1 Histogram 532
4.2 Mean Squared Error (MSE) 532
4.3 Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR) 533
4.4 Key Space Analysis 534
4.5 Coefficient Correlation Test 534
4.6 Information Entropy Analysis 534
4.7 Maximum Deviation 535
4.8 Irregular Deviation 535
5 Conclusion 535
References 536
Rice Disease Detection and Classification Using Deep Neural Network Algorithm 538
1 Introduction 538
2 Literature Survey 539
3 Proposed Method 539
3.1 Acquisition of Images 539
3.2 Preprocessing 540
3.3 K-Means Clustering for Segmentation 540
3.4 Extracting Features 540
3.5 Optimized DNN-Based Classification 542
4 Confusion Matrix 542
4.1 KNN 542
4.2 DNN Confusion Matrix 543
4.3 F1 Score 543
4.4 Precision 543
4.5 False Discovery Rate 545
4.6 False positive Rate 545
4.7 Negative Predict Value 546
4.8 Specificity 547
4.9 True Positive Rate 547
4.10 Accuracy 548
5 Conclusion 548
References 549
Relative Investigation of Methods to Generate Millimeter Wave in Radio-Over-Fiber Communication 550
1 Introduction 550
1.1 Millimeter Wave Communication in RoF Technology 551
2 Radio-Over-Fiber (ROF) 552
3 Mach–Zehnder Modulator 553
4 Review of Modulation Techniques 554
5 Results and Discussion 554
6 Conclusion 555
References 556
A Compact Microstrip Patch Antenna for Mobile Communication Applications 558
1 Introduction 558
2 Antenna Design and Geometry 560
3 Results and Discussion 562
4 Conclusion 563
References 564
Microstrip Patch Antenna with Enhanced Gain for 2.4 GHz Wireless Local Area Network Applications 566
1 Introduction 566
2 Proposed Antenna Design 568
3 Results and Discussion 569
4 Conclusion 573
References 573
An Investigation on Drain Current of Junction and Junctionless Surrounding Gate MOSFET 575
1 Introduction 575
2 Device Structure 576
3 Result and Discussions 579
References 581
Improving the Performance of Video Content Genuineness Using Convolution Neural Network 582
1 Introduction 582
2 Background and Related Work 583
3 Problem Statement 584
4 Experimental Design 585
4.1 Training Data Set Selection 585
4.2 Proposed Model 585
4.3 Approach 586
5 Experimental Results 587
5.1 Accuracy for Different Training Sizes 587
5.2 Testing on Real-Time Video Data 589
6 Conclusion 591
References 591
A Novel IN-Gram Technique for Improving the Hate Speech Detection for Larger Datasets 592
1 Introduction 593
2 Related Work 593
3 Model Assumptions 594
3.1 Model Setup 595
3.2 Model Libraries 595
4 Proposed Methodology 595
4.1 PMI Technique 595
4.2 TF-IDF Technique 596
4.3 N-GRAM Technique 596
4.4 Improved N-Gram Technique (IN-Gram) 597
5 Experimental Results 597
6 Conclusion 600
References 600
Design of Configurable Analog Block-Based Oscillator and Possible Applications 602
1 Introduction 602
2 Proposed Idea 603
2.1 CFOA-Based CAB 603
2.2 Quadrature Oscillator Using CAB 604
2.3 Oscillator Design 605
2.4 Oscillator Outputs 606
2.5 State of the Art Compared 606
3 Experimental and Simulation Results 607
4 Possible Applications 609
5 Conclusion 610
References 610
Enhanced Reliability of Polarity Controllable–Ferroelectric–FETs under the Impact of Fixed Trap Charges 612
1 Introduction 612
2 Device Structure and Simulation Scheme 613
3 Results and Discussions 614
References 619
Particle Swarm Optimization for Training Artificial Neural Network-Based Rainfall–Runoff Model, Case Study: Jardine River Basin 621
1 Introduction 621
2 Modeling Techniques 622
2.1 Gradient-Descent Algorithm 623
2.2 Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) 623
2.3 Model Evaluation Statistics 624
3 Model Development 624
4 Summary and Conclusion 626
References 627
Text Generation Using Long Short-Term Memory Networks 628
1 Introduction 628
2 Preliminaries 629
2.1 Recurrent Neural Networks 629
2.2 Long Short-Term Memory Networks (LSTMs) 630
3 Related Work 631
4 Methodology 632
4.1 Data Collection and Preprocessing 632
4.2 Constructing the LSTM Model 632
4.3 Training and Hyper-Parameter Tuning 634
5 Results 634
6 Conclusion and Future Work 635
References 635
Socio-medic Drone with Integrated Defibrillator 637
1 Introduction 637
2 Related Works 638
3 Methodology 639
3.1 Hardware’s Required 640
3.2 Software Required 644
4 Results and Discussion 644
5 Conclusion 645
References 646
Big Data Processing Based on Machine Learning for Multi-user Environments 647
1 Introduction 647
2 A Background About BD 648
2.1 What Is BD? 648
2.2 Characteristics of BD 649
2.3 BD Software 650
2.4 BD Processing Framework Challenges 650
2.5 Technical Challenges 651
3 A Literature Review 652
4 The Methodology 652
4.1 The Proposed Algorithm 653
5 The Results 655
6 Conclusions 657
References 658
Integrating Chatbot Application with Qlik Sense Business Intelligence (BI) Tool Using Natural Language Processing (NLP) 660
1 Introduction to Chatbot 660
1.1 Benefits of Chatbot 661
1.2 Business Intelligence (BI) 661
1.3 Natural Language Processing (NPL) 662
2 Literature Review 662
3 Chatbot Design Approach 663
3.1 Implementation Steps 664
3.2 Creating a .Net-Based Bot Service 665
4 Results and Discussion 666
5 Future Work 668
References 668
Area Efficient Multilayer Designs of XOR Gate Using Quantum Dot Cellular Automata 670
1 Introduction 670
2 Review of QCA 671
3 Proposed Multilayer XOR Structures 673
4 Design of Combinational Circuits 677
5 Conclusion 681
References 681
Improved Design of Digital IIR Second-Order Differentiator Using Genetic Algorithm 683
1 Introduction 683
2 Theory 684
3 Design Methodology 685
4 Simulated Results 685
5 Conclusion 685
References 688
Easy Synthesis of Nanostructures of ZnO and ZnS for Efficient UV Photodetectors 689
1 Introduction 689
2 Experimental Details 690
3 Results and Discussion 691
3.1 Structural, Morphological and Optical Properties 691
3.2 Photoconductivity Measurements 692
4 Conclusion 695
References 695
Smart Government E-Services for Indian Railways Using Twitter 697
1 Introduction 698
2 Methodology 699
2.1 Data Set Collection 700
2.2 Micro Post Enrichment Algorithm 700
2.3 Feature Extraction 702
2.4 Classifiers 703
3 Results and Discussion 705
4 Conclusion 706
References 707
Author Index 708