Innovative Product Design and Intelligent Manufacturing Systems (eBook)

Preface 6
Contents 7
About the Editors 17
Design in Aesthetics, Ergonomics, CAD and UX/UI 18
1 A Strategy for Ergonomic Design of Amphibian Vehicle 19
Abstract 19
1 Introduction and Background 19
1.1 Amphibian Vehicle for Military Requirement 20
1.2 Amphibian Bus 20
1.3 Amphibian Car 21
2 Possibility of Applications of AVs for Recreational Purpose 21
2.1 Amphibian Cycle 21
2.2 Amphibious Bike 21
2.3 Amphi Jeep 22
2.4 Amphi Submarine 22
3 Design Philosophy of Existing Amphibian Vehicle 22
3.1 Current Design Strategies 22
4 A Framework for AV Design 23
4.1 Requirement Analysis 23
4.2 Conceptualization 23
4.3 Interior and Exterior Sketching 25
4.4 Design Evaluation 25
4.5 Preparation of Digital Mock-up 26
4.6 Finalizing CAD Design 26
4.7 Human Machine Interface (HMI) Check Applying DHM 27
4.8 Final Styling Check and Modification 27
4.9 Prototype Construction 27
4.10 Prototype Testing 28
5 Conclusion 28
References 28
2 Sustainable Design of Sprocket Through CAD and CAE: A Case Study 30
Abstract 30
1 Introduction 30
2 Literature Review 31
3 Methodology 33
4 Development of CAD Model of Sprocket 34
5 Finite Element Simulation of Sprocket 34
6 Topology Analysis 38
6.1 Simulation Results of Modified Design 2 38
7 Conclusion 40
References 42
3 Redesign of the Walking Stick for the Elderly Using Design Thinking in the Indian Context 44
Abstract 44
1 Introduction 44
2 Walking Stick 45
3 Design Process 46
3.1 Discover (Research) 46
3.2 Define (Insights) 47
3.3 Ideation 50
4 Discussion 52
5 Conclusions 53
Acknowledgements 53
References 53
4 Human-Guided Following Trolley Mechanism and Integrated Shopping Mechanism Using RFID 55
Abstract 55
1 Introduction 55
1.1 Literature Survey 56
2 System Design 56
2.1 Hardware Implementations 56
3 RFID Shopping Mechanism 57
4 Software Design 58
5 Development of Trolley 58
6 Hand-Guided Movement 58
6.1 RFID Shopping 62
7 Applications 62
8 Advantages and Limitations 62
8.1 Advantages 62
8.2 Limitations 64
9 Future Scope 64
10 Conclusions 64
References 64
5 Design Optimization of Innovative Foldable Iron Box 65
Abstract 65
1 Introduction 65
2 Concept Generation and Testing 66
2.1 Material Details 66
3 Working of Product 70
4 Conclusion 70
Acknowledgements 72
References 72
6 Microcontroller-Based Office Digitization 74
Abstract 74
1 Introduction 74
2 Literature Survey 75
3 Methodology 76
4 Components 77
4.1 Arduino UNO 77
4.2 OV7670 78
5 Software’s 79
5.1 Eclipse Java EE 79
5.2 Heidisql 79
5.3 Arduino_IDE 80
5.4 Tesseract OCR 80
6 Results 80
7 Advantages 81
8 Conclusion 82
9 Limitation and Future Scope 82
References 82
7 Design and Evaluation of User Interface of a Mobile Application for Aiding Entrepreneurship 83
Abstract 83
1 Introduction 83
2 Methods 85
2.1 System Design 85
2.2 UI Design and Prototyping 86
2.3 Heuristic Evaluation 87
3 Results and Discussions 88
4 Conclusion 89
References 90
8 Novel Dexterity Kit Concept Based on a Review of Hand Dexterity Literature 92
Abstract 92
1 Introduction 92
2 Methodology 94
2.1 Discussion on a Proposed Dexterity Kit 94
2.2 Proposed Prototype Design 96
2.3 Working of the Prototype 96
2.4 Experiment 96
3 Results and Discussions 97
4 Conclusion 98
References 99
9 Allocentric and Egocentric Behaviour of People While Wayfinding 101
Abstract 101
1 Introduction 101
1.1 Factors Affecting Wayfinding 102
1.2 Allocentric and Egocentric Behaviour 102
2 Methodology 103
3 Results 104
3.1 Analysis from Questionnaire 104
3.2 Analysis of the Experiment 105
4 Discussion 106
5 Conclusion 107
References 108
Design for Cost and Sustainability 109
10 Dynamic Stability Analysis of an Asymmetric Sandwich Beam on a Sinusoidal Pasternak Foundation 110
Abstract 110
1 Introduction 111
2 Problem Design 112
2.1 Approximate Series of Solution 114
2.2 Instability Regions 116
3 Discussion and Results 117
4 Conclusion 120
References 120
11 A Parametric Study of Functionally Graded Variable Thickness Longitudinal Fin Under Fully Wet Condition 121
Abstract 121
1 Introduction 122
2 Mathematical Formulation 123
3 Results and Discussion 126
4 Conclusion 128
References 128
12 A DEMATEL Approach to Evaluate the Enablers for Effective Implementation of Ecodesign in Sustainable Product Development: A Case of MSMEs 130
Abstract 130
1 Introduction 130
2 Literature Review 132
3 Methodology 133
4 Case Study and Managerial Implications 135
5 Conclusion 139
References 139
13 Experimental Investigation of Paddy Grain Drying Mechanism 141
Abstract 141
1 Introduction 141
1.1 Combined Harvesting Systems 142
1.2 Grain Drying 142
1.3 Traditional Method 143
1.4 Mechanical Method 144
1.5 Solar Bubble Dryer (SBD) 144
2 Experiment Setup for Drying Mechanism 146
2.1 Design and Fabrication of Drying Mechanism 146
3 Results and Discussion 147
3.1 Calculations 148
4 Conclusion 148
References 149
14 Analytic Hierarchy Process for Prioritization of Design Requirements for Domestic Plumbing Services 150
Abstract 150
1 Introduction 151
1.1 Aim and Objectives 151
2 Methodology 152
3 Results and Discussion 152
3.1 Case Study: Prioritization of Design Requirements for Domestic Plumbing Services 155
4 Conclusions 161
References 162
15 Issues with Indian SMEs: A Sustainability-Oriented Approach for Finding Potential Barriers 163
Abstract 163
1 Introduction 163
2 Literature Survey 164
2.1 SME in India 165
2.2 Sustainability in SMEs 165
3 Research Methodology 165
4 Conclusion and Future Work 169
5 Compliance with Ethical Standards 169
References 170
16 Design and Development of Technology-Enabled Biomass Stoves 171
Abstract 171
1 Introduction 171
2 Design of Biomass Stoves 173
3 Development of Biomass Stoves 175
4 Conclusions 177
Acknowledgements 177
References 177
17 Damage Assessment of Beam Structure Using Dynamic Parameters 178
Abstract 178
1 Introduction 178
2 Theoretical Formulation 180
3 FEA Analysis 181
4 Result and Discussions 182
5 Conclusion 185
References 185
18 Bending Stress Analysis of PM Composite Beam 187
Abstract 187
1 Introduction 187
2 Literature Review 188
3 Methodology 188
4 Results and Discussions 192
4.1 Stress Analysis of Composite Ply at the Orientation of [0°/30°/?45°] 192
4.2 Stress Analysis of Composite Ply at the Orientation of [?45°/0°/30°] 192
4.3 Stress Analysis of Composite Ply at the Orientation of [30°/?45°/0°] 193
4.4 Stress Analysis Plots 194
5 Conclusions 195
References 196
19 An Intelligent Drone for Agriculture Applications with the Aid of the MAVlink Protocol 197
Abstract 197
1 Introduction 198
2 Mandatory Materials 199
2.1 Drone System 199
2.1.1 APM 2.6 Flight Controller 199
2.1.2 Electronic Speed Controller (ESC) 200
2.1.3 DJI 2212 920 KV Brushless Motor (BLDC) 200
2.1.4 RC Transmitter and Receiver 200
2.2 GPS Module 200
2.3 Telemetry 201
2.3.1 MAVLink 201
2.3.2 Ground Control Station 201
3 Hardware and Software Setup 202
3.1 Hardware Setup 202
3.2 Software Setup 203
4 Agriculture Applications Related to the Drone Systems 204
4.1 GPS and Laser for an Estimate the Properties of Land 205
4.2 Drone Systems for Crop Monitoring 205
4.3 Drones for Pesticide Spraying 205
4.4 Weed Identification 205
5 Conclusion 206
6 Future Scope 206
Acknowledgements 206
References 206
20 Development of Novel Cost-Effective Automatic Packing System for Small-Scale Industries 208
Abstract 208
1 Introduction 208
2 Modeling of the Robotic Mechanism 209
3 Kinematic Modeling 210
3.1 2P Mechanism 210
3.2 2PR Mechanism 211
4 Static Structural Analysis 212
5 Dynamic Modeling 212
6 Fabrication and Automation of Robotic Mechanism 215
7 Experimentation of Packing Mechanism 216
8 Results and Discussion 217
9 Conclusions 218
References 218
21 Comparison of Mechanical Behavior for Cow- and Goat-Fiber-Reinforced Epoxy Composites 220
Abstract 220
1 Introduction 221
2 Experimental 222
2.1 Materials 222
2.2 Extraction of Fiber and Composite Preparation 222
2.3 Composite Testing 223
3 Results and Discussion 224
4 Conclusion 227
References 228
22 A Systematic Approach to Identify the Critical Parameters of Two-Wheeler E-Vehicles 229
Abstract 229
1 Introduction 229
2 Literature Review 230
3 Methodology 231
3.1 Data Collection 231
3.2 Statistical Analysis and Data Interpretation 231
3.3 Preparation of Questionnaire 232
4 Result and Discussion 234
5 Conclusion 240
References 240
Design for Creativity and Optimization 241
23 Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Dynamic Interconnected Anti-roll Suspension System in Automobile Application 242
Abstract 242
1 Introduction 243
1.1 Vehicle Dynamics 244
1.1.1 Coordinate Frame 244
2 Chassis Constructional Details 245
2.1 Chassis Design 245
3 Working of DIAS Systems 245
4 Vehicle Specification 247
5 Frequency Analysis of RHIS Under Warp Mode 248
6 Conclusion 249
References 249
24 Design and Modeling of Waste Container Package Considering Impact and Remote Handling Operation 251
Abstract 251
1 Introduction 251
2 Design Concept 252
3 Numerical Simulation 253
3.1 Explicit Dynamic Method 254
4 CAD Modeling 255
5 Results 255
6 Conclusion 258
References 258
25 Effect of Attack Angle on Lift and Drag of a Bio-Inspired Corrugated Aerofoil 259
Abstract 259
1 Introduction 259
2 CFD Methodology 261
3 Results and Discussion 262
4 Conclusion 263
References 266
26 Design Optimization of Slag Pot Transfer Car 267
Abstract 267
1 Introduction 267
2 Modeling 268
2.1 Need for Transfer Car 268
2.2 Design of Transfer Car Components 268
2.3 Components of Transfer Car 269
2.3.1 Design and Modeling of Canopy Structure 269
2.3.2 Design and Modeling of Mast Component 269
2.3.3 Design and Modeling of Roller Structure 270
2.3.4 Design and Modeling of Column 271
2.3.5 Design and Modeling of Reeling Drum 271
3 Analysis 271
3.1 Loads and Constraints on Canopy 272
3.2 Load and Constraints on Mast 273
3.3 Loads and Constraints on Roller 274
3.4 Loads and Constraints on Column 275
3.5 Loads and Constraints on Reeling Drum 276
4 Results and Discussions 277
5 Conclusions 278
Acknowledgements 278
References 278
Journals 278
27 Design and Fabrication of DLP 3D Printer 280
Abstract 280
1 Introduction 281
1.1 Working Principle 281
1.2 Methodology 281
2 Machine Building 283
2.1 Design of the Frame with Dimensions 283
2.2 Materials and Equipment 284
2.3 Fabrication 285
3 Results and Discussion 287
3.1 Testing and Analysis 287
3.2 Environmental Parameters 287
4 Conclusion 287
5 Future Scope 289
References 289
28 Design Evaluation of Cars Taillights in India Based on Novelty and Typicality 290
Abstract 290
1 Introduction 290
1.1 Novelty 291
1.2 Typicality 292
2 Methodology 292
2.1 Flow of the Work 293
3 Results 293
3.1 Relationships Among the Car Taillights and Novelty Descriptors 295
3.2 Relationships Among the Car Taillights and Typicality Descriptors 296
4 Discussion and Conclusions 297
4.1 Discussion 297
4.2 Conclusions 297
References 298
29 Design and Fabrication of Small-Scale Automatic Stamping Machine 299
Abstract 299
1 Introduction 299
2 Methodology 301
2.1 Loading 301
2.2 Stamping 301
2.3 Indexing 301
2.4 Unloading 301
2.5 Rack and Pinion Mechanism 302
2.6 Worm and Worm Gear 302
3 Mechanism Specifications 303
4 Results and Discussion 304
5 Conclusions 305
References 306
Smart Manufacturing, Precision Engineering, Metrology 307
30 Application of Fuzzy Controller for Multi-area Automatic Load Frequency Control System 308
Abstract 308
1 Introduction 308
2 Power System Under Study 310
3 Fuzzy Logic 310
4 Results and Discussions 310
5 Conclusion 316
References 316
31 Process Capability Improvement Using Internally Cooled Cutting Tool Insert in Cryogenic Machining of Super Duplex Stainless Steel 2507 317
Abstract 317
1 Introduction 318
2 Experimentation 318
2.1 Material Selection 318
2.2 Tool Selection and Modification 318
2.3 Experimental Setup 319
2.4 Cryogenically Treated Tool Inserts 320
3 Results and Discussion 321
3.1 Cutting Temperature 321
3.2 Tool Wear 321
4 Conclusions 323
Acknowledgements 324
References 324
32 Experimental Investigation for Finding Defects on Epoxy-Coated Cantilever Beam Using Optical Method 325
Abstract 325
1 Introduction 325
1.1 Literature Review 326
1.2 Relation Between the Curvature of Beam and Defects 327
2 Experimental Validation 328
2.1 Reflection Coating Process on Stainless Steel with Epoxy Resin 328
2.2 Optical Bench Set-Up 328
2.3 Experiment Procedure 328
3 Results and Discussion 330
4 Conclusion 331
References 332
33 Dynamic Analysis of Cracked FGM Cantilever Beam 333
Abstract 333
1 Introduction 333
2 Mathematical Model 335
3 Result and Discussion 335
4 Conclusion 340
Acknowledgements 340
References 341
34 Influences and Applications of Aluminum Addition on the Mechanical Properties of Pure Magnesium 342
Abstract 342
1 Introduction 342
2 Experimentation 344
2.1 Materials 344
2.2 Experimental Procedure 344
3 Results and Discussions 346
4 Conclusion 349
References 349
35 Abrasive Wear Behaviour of Sand Cast B4C Particulate Reinforced AA5052 Metal Matrix Composite 351
Abstract 351
1 Introduction 351
2 Experimental Studies 352
2.1 Materials and Method 352
2.2 Density and Porosity Measurement 354
2.3 Abrasive Wear Test 355
3 Results and Discussion 356
3.1 Density and Porosity 356
3.2 Tribological Test Results 357
3.2.1 Abrasive Weight Loss 357
3.2.2 Abrasive Wear Rate 357
3.2.3 Frictional Force and Co-efficient of Friction 358
3.2.4 Analysis of the Worn Surfaces 358
4 Conclusions 359
References 360
36 Experimental Investigation and Empirical Modeling of FDM Process for Tensile Strength Improvement 362
Abstract 362
1 Introduction 362
2 Methodology 364
3 Results and Discussion 366
4 Conclusion 368
References 369
37 Tensile Properties of Bamboo Fiber Filled with Rock Dust Filler Reinforced Hybrid Composites 370
Abstract 370
1 Introduction 370
2 Material Selection and Methodology 371
2.1 Material Selection 371
2.2 Fabrication Process 372
2.3 Compositions 372
2.3.1 Bamboo Fiber Composites 372
2.3.2 Bamboo Fiber with Rock Dust Filler Material 372
2.3.3 Carbon Fiber Composites 373
3 Tensile Tests 373
3.1 Calculation of Tensile Properties 373
4 Results and Discussion 374
5 Conclusions 377
References 377
38 Effect of Eggshell Particulate Reinforcement on Tensile Behavior of Eggshell–Epoxy Composite 379
Abstract 379
1 Introduction 379
2 Materials and Method 381
2.1 Raw Materials 381
2.2 Sample Preparation 381
2.3 Composite Preparations 381
2.4 Scanning Electron Microscopy 381
2.5 Tensile Test 382
3 Results and Discussion 383
3.1 Scanning Electron Microscopy 383
3.2 Tensile Test Analysis 383
4 Conclusion 386
References 386
39 Influence of Laser-Machined Micro-geometrical Features on the Surface Wettability of Stainless Steel 304 388
Abstract 388
1 Introduction 388
2 Biological Mimicking of Natural Hydrophobic Surfaces 389
3 Methodology 390
3.1 Sample Preparation 390
3.2 Experimental Setup and Fabrication 390
3.3 Surface Wettability Measurement of Laser Textured Surface 391
4 Results and Discussion 392
4.1 Effect of Pulse Overlap and Scan Line Separation 392
4.2 Effect of Number of Laser Passes on Groove Depth 393
4.3 Effect of Microgroove Step Size on Contact Angle 394
4.4 Effect of Micro-pillar Geometry on Contact Angle 395
5 Conclusions 396
References 397
40 Generation of Slip Line Fields Incorporating BUE and Shear Zone to Model Machining Using MATLAB 398
Abstract 398
1 Introduction 398
2 Slip Line Field Model 400
3 Generation of the Slip Lines 401
3.1 Function for Defining the Angular Ranges of the Slip Line 402
3.2 Functions for the Generation of the Matrix Operators 402
3.3 Function for the Generation of the Operators for the Modified Slip Lines 403
3.4 Function for the 1st Iteration of the Velocity Discontinuities Along the Slip Lines and the Slip Lines 403
3.5 Function for the Final Slip Lines and Velocity Discontinuities 404
3.6 Function for the Mikhlin Co-ordinates of the Slip Lines in the Modified Model 404
3.7 Function for the Cartesian Co-ordinates of the Slip Lines in the Modified Model 405
4 Results and Discussion 405
5 Conclusion 407
References 407
41 Review on Magnesium Alloy Processing 409
Abstract 409
1 Introduction 409
2 Magnesium Alloys 410
2.1 Mg–Al System 410
2.2 Designation Systems 412
2.3 Melting Techniques 412
3 Literature Review 413
4 Conclusion 415
5 Future Scope 416
References 416
42 Thermogravimetric Analysis of Biochar from Arhar Fiber Powder Prepared at Different Pyrolysis Temperatures 417
Abstract 417
1 Introduction 417
2 Materials and Methods 419
2.1 Raw Materials 419
2.2 Biochar Production 419
2.3 SEM Analysis 420
2.4 Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) Analysis 420
3 Results and Discussions 420
3.1 SEM Analysis 421
3.2 Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) Analysis 423
4 Conclusions 424
References 424
43 A Machine Learning Scheme for Tool Wear Monitoring and Replacement in IoT-Enabled Smart Manufacturing 426
Abstract 426
1 Introduction 427
2 Methodology 428
2.1 Data Preparation 429
2.2 Training the Model 429
2.3 Decision Making for Turning 430
2.4 Binary State Estimation of Milling Tool 431
2.5 Machine Learning Models 431
3 Results 432
4 Conclusion 433
Acknowledgements 434
References 434
44 Experimental Investigation of Vibration Response of Faulty Rotor Shaft Partially Submerged in Viscous Medium 435
Abstract 435
1 Introduction 435
2 Mathematical Background 436
2.1 Equation of Motion 436
2.2 Analysis of Fluid Forces 436
2.3 Analysis of Dynamic Response of the Rotor 437
3 Numerical Analysis and Discussion 438
4 Experimental Analysis 439
5 Conclusions 441
References 441
45 Influence of Double Elliptical Leaf Angle with Same Orientation and Direction to Evaluate Thermal Performance in Double Pipe Heat Exchanger 442
Abstract 442
1 Introduction 442
2 Experimental Setup 443
3 Boundary Conditions 446
4 Results and Discussions 447
4.1 Heat Transfer Analysis 447
4.2 Pressure Drop Analysis 448
5 Conclusion 450
References 450
Artificial Intelligence in Manufacturing Process 451
46 Evaluation of Optimization Parametric Condition During Machining for Al-CSA Composite Using Response Surface Methodology 452
Abstract 452
1 Introduction 452
2 Testing Methods and Design of Experiments 453
3 Results and Discussions 454
4 Conclusion 458
References 459
47 Optimization of Process Parameters in Resistance Spot Welding Using Artificial Immune Algorithm 460
Abstract 460
1 Introduction 460
2 Experimentation 461
2.1 Materials and Machinery 461
2.2 Experimental Design 462
3 Artificial Immune Algorithm (AIA) 463
3.1 Cloning 464
3.2 Mutation 464
3.3 Regression Analysis 465
4 Results and Discussions 466
5 Conclusions 467
References 467
48 An Evolutionary Algorithm-Based Damage Detection in Structural Elements 469
Abstract 469
1 Introduction 470
1.1 Finite Element Analysis Approach for Detection of Damage in the Cracked Beam Element 471
2 Analysis of DEA for Damage Detection of Cracked Structural Elements 473
3 Experimental Investigation 475
3.1 Specifications of the Vibration Measuring Instruments 476
4 Result Tables 479
5 Result and Discussion 479
6 Conclusions 479
References 480
49 Optimization of EDM Process Parameters on Aluminum Alloy 6082 by Using Multi-objective Genetic Algorithm 481
Abstract 481
1 Introduction 481
2 Methodology and Experimentation 483
2.1 Taguchi-Based DOE 483
2.2 Multi-objective Genetic Algorithm (MOGA) 483
3 Experimental Setup 483
4 Results and Discussion 485
4.1 Taguchi Analysis 485
4.2 Multi-objective Genetic Algorithm 487
5 Conclusion 489
References 489
50 Optimizations of Process Parameters for Friction Stir Welding of Aluminium Alloy Al 7050 491
Abstract 491
1 Introduction 491
2 Experimental Procedure 492
3 Results 494
3.1 Optical Microscopy 494
3.2 Mechanical Testing 494
3.2.1 Tensile Testing 494
3.2.2 Yield Strength 495
3.2.3 Hardness (BHN) 497
4 Conclusions 499
References 500
51 Analysis of Discharge Characteristics During EDM Process 502
Abstract 502
1 Introduction 502
2 Discharge Characteristics in EDM 503
3 Experimentation 503
4 Analysis of EDM Waveforms Using Wavelet Transform 505
5 Conclusions 507
References 508
52 Influence of FGM on the Parametric Instability of Skew Plates in Thermal Environment 509
Abstract 509
1 Introduction 509
2 Mathematical Formulation 511
2.1 Problem Statement 511
2.2 Constitutive Law for Functionally Graded Material 511
2.3 Properties of the Material with Temperature Dependent 512
2.4 Temperature Distribution 512
2.5 Energy Equations 512
2.6 Oblique Boundary Conversion 513
2.7 Finite Element Analysis 514
3 Equations of Motion for an Arbitrary 514
4 Numerical Experimental Results and Discussions 515
4.1 Study of Correlation 515
4.2 Parametric Instability 516
5 Conclusions 518
References 519
53 Optimization of Input Control Variables in Electric Discharge Machining of Inconel-718 520
Abstract 520
1 Introduction 520
1.1 Input and Output Control Variables of EDM 522
2 Design of Experiment via Taguchi Method 522
3 Details of the Experiments 523
4 Results and Discussion 524
5 Conclusion 527
References 528
54 Navigational Control Analysis of Mobile Robot in Cluttered Unknown Environment Using Novel Neural-GSA Technique 529
Abstract 529
1 Introduction 530
2 Reviews and Analysis of Various Artificial Intelligence Techniques 531
3 Analysis of Seven-Layered Hybrid Neural-GSA Network Method for the Navigation of Mobile Robot 532
4 Description of Robot Used in the Experiment 533
5 Simulation and Experimental Results in Pictorial Form 534
6 Simulation and Experimental Results in Tabular Form 535
7 Conclusion 537
References 537
55 Control Strategy of Mobile Robots Using Fuzzy-Gravitational Search Method and Review of Other Techniques 542
Abstract 542
1 Introduction 542
2 Analysis of Fuzzy-Gravitational Search Algorithm for Robot Navigation 545
2.1 Description of Inputs and Outputs 545
2.2 Corresponding Fuzzy-Gravitational Search Algorithm Figure in Final Form 545
3 Description of Robot Used for Experimental Purpose 546
3.1 Robot (Khepera-III) 546
4 Simulation and Pictorial Results 546
5 Experiment and Simulation of Path Length and Time Taken Result in Pictorial Form 546
6 Discussion on Pictorial and Tabular Form 548
7 Discussion on Cause of Deviation of Results in Simulation and Experiment 549
8 Conclusion 550
References 550
56 Application of PCA-TOPSIS Method for Selecting Optimal Welding Conditions in GMAW to Improve the Weld Quality 555
Abstract 555
1 Introduction 555
2 Experimental Details 556
3 Proposed Methodology 557
3.1 Principal Component Analysis 557
3.2 Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) 559
4 Results and Discussion 562
5 Conclusion 563
References 563
57 Experimental Analysis on Composite Material Using Multiple Electrodes by EDM Process 564
Abstract 564
1 Introduction 564
2 Experimental Procedure 566
2.1 Experimental Plan 566
3 Results and Discussions 567
3.1 Adequacy Test of Responses 567
3.1.1 Model Adequacy Checking 570
3.2 Investigation of Response Surface Plot 571
4 Optimization Using Response Surface Method 572
5 Conclusion 572
References 572
58 Revelence of Multiple Breathing Cracks on Fixed Shaft Using ANFIS and ANN 574
Abstract 574
1 Introduction 575
2 Logical Analyses of Crack Shaft 575
2.1 To Estimate Dimensionless Compliance from Crack Shaft 576
2.2 Mathematical Formulation for Displacement and Mode Shape of the Shaft with Two Cracks 577
3 Application of Artificial Neural Network (ANN) for Crack Detection 580
4 Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) 582
4.1 ANFIS Architecture used for Obtaining the Value of Crack Intensities and Crack Positions 582
4.2 Comparison of Performance Between ANN and ANFIS 585
5 Experimental Analysis 587
6 Discussions 587
6.1 Comparison of Results Between ANFIS, ANN and Experimental Analysis 587
7 Conclusions 590
References 593
59 Optimization of Process Parameters in Electro Discharge Machine Using Standard Deviation, MULTIMOORA and MOOSRA Methods 594
Abstract 594
1 Introduction 595
2 Experimental Environment and Methods 596
2.1 Experimental Set Up 596
2.2 Optimization Problem 596
2.3 Weight Calculation Using Standard Deviation Concept 597
2.4 MOORA Method 597
2.5 The Reference Point Approach of MOORA Method 599
2.6 The Full Multiplicative Form 599
2.7 MOOSRA Method 599
3 Results and Discussion 600
3.1 Allocation of Weights 600
3.2 Result Analysis 601
4 Conclusion 603
References 603
60 Analysis of Smart Front-End Structure in Frontal Crash Mitigation 605
Abstract 605
1 Introduction 605
2 Dynamic Model Development 607
3 Modeling of Magnetorheological Damper 610
4 Conclusion 610
References 611
Optimization and Simulation 613
61 Enhancement of Line-Based Voltage Stability of Energy System with Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitor Using Cuckoo Search Algorithm 614
Abstract 614
1 Introduction 615
2 Problem Origination 615
2.1 Fast Voltage Stability Index 616
2.2 Objective Function 616
3 Modeling of TCSC 617
4 Cuckoo Search Algorithm 618
5 Results and Analysis 618
6 Conclusion 622
References 622
62 Follicle Detection in Digital Ultrasound Images Using BEMD and Adaptive Clustering Algorithms 624
Abstract 624
1 Introduction 625
2 Noise Removal Using Bi-dimensional Empirical Mode Decomposition 626
3 Clustering Algorithms for Segmentation of Ultrasound Image 627
4 Adaptive Data Clustering Algorithms 627
5 Follicle Identification in Ovary Ultrasound Image 628
6 Experimental Results 629
7 Conclusion 631
References 631
63 Optimal Allocation of Solar DGs in Distribution Network 633
Abstract 633
1 Introduction 633
2 Distributed Generation and Microgrid 634
3 Problem Formulation 635
3.1 Sensitivity Factors 636
3.2 Methodology 637
4 Results and Discussions 638
5 Conclusion 642
References 642
64 Hybridization of Particle Swarm Optimization with Firefly Algorithm for Multi-objective Optimal Reactive Power Dispatch 644
Abstract 644
1 Introduction 644
2 Problem Formulation 645
2.1 Equality Constraints 646
2.2 Inequality Constraints 646
3 Methodology 646
3.1 Particle Swarm Optimization 646
3.2 Firefly Algorithm 647
3.3 Hybridization of PSO and FA (HPSOFA) 647
3.3.1 Implementation steps of HPSOFA 648
4 Simulation Results 648
4.1 IEEE 14 Bus 648
4.1.1 Diminution of Real Power Loss 649
4.1.2 Improvement of Voltage Profile 649
4.1.3 Multi-objective Function 649
4.2 IEEE 30 Bus 650
4.2.1 Declination of Real Power Loss 650
4.2.2 Improvement of Voltage Profile 651
4.2.3 Multi-objective Function 651
5 Conclusion 652
References 653
65 Optimal Scheduling of Hydrothermal Plant Using Particle Swarm Optimization 654
Abstract 654
1 Introduction 654
2 Problem Formulation 655
2.1 Objective Function 655
2.2 Constraints 656
3 Methodology 657
4 Simulation Results 658
5 Conclusion 660
References 661
66 A New Algorithm for Reduction of High Order Commensurate Non-integer Interval Systems 662
Abstract 662
1 Introduction 662
2 Proposed Method 663
3 Examples and Graphs 668
4 Conclusion 671
References 671
67 Statistical Modeling and Optimization of Al-MMCs Reinforced with Coconut Shell Ash Particulates 673
Abstract 673
1 Introduction 673
2 Experimental Procedure 674
2.1 Preparation of Coconut Shell Ash (CSA) Reinforcement Particles 674
2.2 Preparation of Composite 675
2.3 Optical Microscopic Studies 675
2.4 Testing Methods 675
2.5 Design of Experiments 675
3 Results and Discussion 676
3.1 Characterization of CSAp 676
3.2 Mechanical Properties of Al-CSA-MMC 677
3.3 Microstructural Studies 678
3.4 Analysis of the Process Parameters and Interactions 678
3.5 Modeling 680
4 Conclusion 681
References 681
68 Automatic Generation Control of Multi-area System Incorporating Renewable Unit and Energy Storage by Bat Algorithm 683
Abstract 683
1 Introduction 683
2 System Specification 685
3 Controller and Objective Function 686
4 Optimization Technique 687
5 Result and Analysis 689
6 Conclusion 691
References 691
69 Disassembly Sequence Planning Methodology for EOL Products Through a Computational Approach 693
Abstract 693
1 Introduction 693
2 Methodology 695
2.1 PCM and Its Working 695
3 Case Study 697
4 Selection Criteria 699
5 Conclusion 699
References 700
70 Optimization of Patch Size Using Response Surface in Asymmetric Patch Repair 702
Abstract 702
1 Introduction 702
2 Specimen 704
3 Numerical Simulation 704
4 Cohesive Zone Material (CZM) Model 705
5 Results and Discussion 706
5.1 Results of 25 Numerical Simulations 706
5.2 Response Surface 707
5.3 Response Curve 708
6 Conclusion 709
References 710
71 Swarm-Inspired Task Scheduling Strategy in Cloud Computing 712
Abstract 712
1 Introduction 712
2 Particle Swarm Optimization 714
3 Development of Fitness Function 715
4 Proposed Methodology 716
5 Results and Discussion 718
6 Conclusion 720
References 720
72 Nonlinear Behaviour of Fixed-Fixed Beam with a Moving Mass 721
Abstract 721
1 Introduction 721
2 Problem Formulation 722
3 Theoretical Analysis and Results 723
3.1 Displacement Field 723
3.2 Equation of Motion 723
4 Results 725
5 Conclusion 727
References 727
73 Finite Element Dynamic Study of Inclined Beam Subjected to Moving Point Load 729
Abstract 729
1 Introduction 729
2 Modeling and Formulation 730
3 Numerical Results and Discussions 732
4 Conclusion 734
References 734
74 Determination of Flow Characteristics in Fire-Tube Boiler by Numerical Simulation 736
Abstract 736
1 Introduction 736
2 Literature Survey 737
3 Methodology 737
4 Results 740
5 Conclusion 742
References 742
75 Application of VIKOR for the Selection of Material for the Green and Sustainable Construction 744
Abstract 744
1 Introduction 744
2 Problem Formulation 745
3 Method 746
4 Application of the Proposed Framework 748
4.1 Evaluating the Best Sustainable Material Using VIKOR 749
5 Conclusions 751
6 Limitation and Future Scope 751
References 751
76 Application of an MCDM Tool for Selection of 3D Bioprinting Processes 753
Abstract 753
1 Introduction 753
1.1 3D Bioprinting 753
1.2 Multi-Criteria Decision Making 755
2 Proposed Model 755
3 Conclusions 757
References 762
77 Optimization of Texture Geometry for Enhanced Tribological Performance in Piston Ring-Cylinder Liner Contact Under Pure Hydrodynamic and Mixed Lubrication 764
Abstract 764
1 Introduction 764
2 Theory 765
2.1 Reynolds Equation 765
2.2 Film Thickness Equation 766
2.3 Boundary Conditions 767
2.4 Asperity Contact Model for Rough Surfaces 768
2.5 Load Support and Friction Equations 768
3 Results and Discussion 769
3.1 Validation of the Present Model 769
3.2 Textured Ring Surface Under Pure Hydrodynamic Lubrication (h0/? ? 4) 770
3.3 Textured Ring Surface Under Mixed Lubrication (h0/?  lessthan  4) 771
4 Conclusions 771
References 772
78 Short-Term PV Power Forecasting for Renewable Energy Using Hybrid Spider Optimization-Based Convolutional Neural Network 774
Abstract 774
1 Introduction 774
2 Related Works 775
3 Problem Methodology and System Model 776
3.1 Problem Methodology 776
3.2 System Model of the Proposed CNN-SSO Technique 776
4 CNN-SSO Technique for Renewable Energy 777
5 Simulation Result 779
6 Conclusion 781
References 781
Virtual Manufacturing 783
79 Contingency Management of a Power System Using Rapid Contingency Management Technique and Harmony Search Algorithm 784
Abstract 784
1 Introduction 785
2 Contingency Analysis 786
3 Combinatory Index Proposed 786
4 Results and Discussion 787
4.1 OPF for Normal Condition 787
4.2 OPF for Contingency Condition 788
5 Conclusion 791
References 791
80 Numerical Study of Warm Incremental Forming Limits of AZ31B Magnesium Alloy 793
Abstract 793
1 Introduction 793
2 Methodology 794
2.1 Part Model 794
2.2 Material Property 794
2.3 Finite Element Method 795
2.4 The Meshing of Sheet Metal 796
2.5 Boundary Condition 796
2.6 Heating of Sheet Metal 797
2.7 Objective 797
3 Results 798
3.1 Average Von Mises 798
3.2 Variation of the Thickness of the Sheet 798
3.3 Equivalent Plastic Strain 799
4 Conclusions 800
References 800
81 Implicit Knowledge-Oriented New Product Development Based on Online Review 801
Abstract 801
1 Introduction 801
2 Related Studies 802
3 Research Methods and Implementation Procedures 803
3.1 Phase 1: Design Domain 803
3.2 Phase 2: Analysis of Product Features and User Requirements 804
3.3 Phase 3: Design Mapping 805
4 Implicit Knowledge Acquisition for the Product Features and User Requirements 805
4.1 Implicit Knowledge Acquisition for User Needs 806
4.2 Online Reviews Based on Product Feature Mining 806
5 Conclusion 807
Acknowledgements 807
References 808
82 Mechanical Characterization and Microstructural Study of Carbon Steel Welded Joint Made Under SMAW and GMAW Processes 809
Abstract 809
1 Introduction 809
2 Experimental Study 812
2.1 Metallographic Study 814
3 Results and Discussion 815
4 Conclusion 816
References 816
83 Brain Tumor Segmentation Using Chi-Square Fuzzy C-Mean Clustering 818
Abstract 818
1 Introduction 818
2 Related Work 819
3 Center-Symmetric Local Binary Pattern and Chi-Square Fuzzy C-Mean Clustering 821
3.1 Preprocessing 821
3.2 ROI Extraction 822
3.3 Chi-Square-Based Fuzzy C-Mean Segmentation 823
4 Experimental Result 824
5 Conclusion 824
References 825
84 Assessment of Lean Manufacturing Using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) on Value-Stream Maps 827
Abstract 827
1 Introduction 827
2 Literature Review 829
3 Methodology 831
3.1 Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) 831
3.2 Slack-Based Measure 832
4 Case Study for Measuring Leanness 832
5 Conclusion 835
References 835
85 Reinforcement Learning for Inventory Management 837
Abstract 837
1 Introduction 837
2 Reinforcement Learning 839
3 Problem Description and Formulation 840
3.1 Reward Function 840
3.2 State Variable 841
3.3 Ordering Policy 842
3.4 Agent’s Policy 842
4 Q-Learning Algorithm for Single-Agent Supply Chain 842
5 Experimental Result and Validation 843
6 Conclusion 844
References 845
86 Quality Improvement in Organic Food Supply Chain Using Blockchain Technology 846
Abstract 846
1 Introduction 846
2 Objectives 848
3 Methodology 848
3.1 AHP Analysis 848
3.2 Common Types of Food Supply Chains and Its Drawbacks 849
3.3 Proposed Model with Blockchain Technology 849
4 Discussion 853
5 Conclusion 854
References 854
87 A New Heuristic for Solving Open Vehicle Routing Problem with Capacity Constraints 856
Abstract 856
1 Introduction 857
2 Literature Survey 857
3 Methodology 859
3.1 Algorithm 1 860
3.2 Algorithm 2 861
4 Computational Experiments 861
5 Conclusion 864
References 864
88 Barriers in Sharing of Agricultural Information in Odisha (India): A Critical Study of Small-Scale Farmers 866
Abstract 866
1 Introduction 866
1.1 Best Worth Method 868
2 Research Methodology 869
3 Results and Discussion 870
3.1 BWM Ranking of Significant Barriers of Information in Agriculture 871
4 Conclusion 872
Acknowledgements 872
References 873
89 Development Inventory Model of Price-Dependent Perishable Products in Sustainable Environment 875
Abstract 875
1 Introduction 875
2 Assumptions and Notations 877
2.1 Assumptions 877
2.2 Notations 877
3 Development of Mathematical Models 878
3.1 Profit Maximization Without Sustainability (Model 1) 878
3.2 Profit Maximization with Carbon Tax (Model 2) 880
4 Illustrative Examples 881
4.1 Profit Maximization Without Sustainability (Model 1) 881
4.2 Profit Maximization with Carbon Tax (Model 2) 882
5 Results and Discussion 882
6 Sensitivity Analysis 882
7 Conclusion 883
References 884
Robotics, Mechatronics, Automation 886
90 Optimum Navigation of Four-Wheeled Ground Robot in Stationary and Non-stationary Environments Using Wind-Driven Optimization Algorithm 887
Abstract 887
1 Introduction 887
2 Path Minimization by Applying WDO Algorithm 888
3 Computer Simulation Results 891
4 Conclusion 897
References 897
91 Analysis on Inverse Kinematics of Redundant Robots 898
Abstract 898
1 Introduction 898
2 Denavit–Hartenberg Representation 899
3 Effect of Varying Damping Constant (?) on the Algorithm 899
4 The Simulated Results 901
5 Conclusion 904
6 Future Work 904
References 904
92 Placement and Sizing of Distributed Generation Units for Improvement of Voltage Profile and Congestion Management Using Particle Swarm Optimization 906
Abstract 906
1 Introduction 906
2 Problem Formulation 907
2.1 Voltage Criteria 907
2.2 Congestion Criteria 908
2.3 Constraints 909
3 Particle Swarm Optimization 909
4 Simulation Results 910
4.1 Voltage Criteria 910
4.2 Congestion Criteria 911
5 Conclusion 914
References 914
93 Analysis for Material Selection of Robot Soft Finger Used for Power Grasping 916
Abstract 916
1 Introduction 916
2 Geometric Analysis of a Soft Finger 918
3 Modeling of Soft Finger 920
4 Preparation of Soft Finger Sample 921
5 Determination of Contact Width and Friction Coefficient 922
6 Results and Discussion 923
7 Conclusion 924
References 925
94 Multivariate Statistical Process Monitoring Strategy for a Steel Making Shop 926
Abstract 926
1 Introduction 926
2 Case Study—A Steel Making Shop 927
3 Methodology 928
4 Analysis and Results 930
5 Conclusion 932
References 932
95 Mathematical Modeling and Comparative Study of 12-DoF Biped Robot Using Screw Theory and Denavit–Hartenberg Convention 934
Abstract 934
1 Introduction 934
2 Kinematic Modeling of Biped Robot 936
2.1 Kinematic Modeling Based on Screw Theory 936
2.2 Kinematic Modeling Based on Denavit–Hartenberg (D-H) Method 937
3 Inverse Kinematics 939
3.1 Recursive Newton–Euler Dynamics 939
3.2 Lagrangian Dynamics 940
4 Results and Discussion 940
4.1 Comparison of Kinematic Models 940
4.2 Joint Torques for Dynamic Walking 941
5 Conclusion and Outlook 943
References 944
96 Kinematic and Static Structural Analysis of a Humanoid with a Wheeled Mobile Base 945
Abstract 945
1 Introduction 945
2 CAD Model of the Wheeled Base Humanoid 947
3 Kinematic Modeling of the Upper Body Humanoid 948
3.1 Forward Kinematic Solution for the Upper Body Humanoid 948
3.2 Inverse Kinematic Solution of the Upper Body 951
4 Workspace Analysis 951
5 Static Structural Analysis 952
6 Results and Discussions 953
7 Conclusion 953
References 954
97 Modelling and Analysis of Seeding Robot for Row Crops 956
Abstract 956
1 Introduction 956
2 Modelling of Agricultural Seeding Robot 957
2.1 Kinematic Modelling 959
2.2 Dynamic Analysis 963
3 Static Structural Analysis of Body Frame 965
4 Selection of Vacuum Pump 966
5 Results and Discussion 966
6 Conclusion and Scope for Future Work 967
References 967
98 Bandwidth Enhancement in MEMS-Based Energy Harvester for Cochlear Implants 968
Abstract 968
1 Introduction 968
2 Governing Equations and Selection of Material 970
3 Structure Modelling 970
4 Results and Discussion 972
5 Conclusion 972
References 974
99 Design, Analysis and Development of a Flying Wing UAV for Aerial Seeding and 3D Mapping 976
Abstract 976
1 Introduction 977
2 UAV Design 977
2.1 Planform Design 977
2.2 Design Parameters 978
2.3 Selection of Airfoil 978
2.4 Modelling of UAV 980
2.5 Conceptual Analysis of UAV 981
2.6 Avionics Selection 981
2.7 Formulas 982
3 Fabrication of UAV 982
4 Results and Discussion 984
5 Conclusion 985
Acknowledgements 985
References 985
100 Conceptual Design and Analysis of Three Jaw Robotic Gripper with Flexural Joints 987
1 Introduction 987
2 Materials and Methods 989
3 Results and Discussion 990
4 Conclusion 992
References 993
101 Path Planning of the Mobile Robot Using Fuzzified Advanced Ant Colony Optimization 995
Abstract 995
1 Introduction 995
2 Fuzzified Ant Colony Optimization (FACO) 996
3 The Architecture of Fuzzified Advanced Ant Colony System 1000
4 Result and Discussion 1000
4.1 Simulation Experiment Results 1002
5 Conclusion 1003
References 1003
102 Dynamics Analysis of Frictionless Spherical Joint with Flexible Socket 1005
Abstract 1005
1 Introduction 1006
1.1 Modeling of Spherical Clearance Joint 1006
1.2 Lagrange–Euler Formulation 1007
1.3 Joint Velocity of Spherical Joint 1008
1.4 Kinetic Energy of the Spherical Joint 1010
1.5 Potential Energy of the Spherical Joint 1012
1.6 Motion Equation of the Spherical Joint 1012
1.7 Modified Form of the Dynamics Equation 1013
2 Result and Discussion 1013
3 Conclusions and Future Challenges 1015
References 1016
103 Investigation on the Effect of Different Dielectric Fluids During Powder Mixed EDM of Alloy Steel 1018
Abstract 1018
1 Introduction 1019
2 Experimentation 1020
2.1 Materials 1020
2.2 Machine and Methods 1020
2.3 Experimental Procedure 1022
3 Results and Discussions 1023
4 Conclusion 1024
References 1025
104 Path Planning and Obstacle Avoidance of UAV Using Adaptive Differential Evolution 1027
Abstract 1027
1 Introduction 1027
1.1 Mathematical Formulation for UAV Path Planning 1028
1.2 Differential Evolution Technique 1030
1.2.1 Adaptive DE 1031
1.3 Implementation of Adaptive DE for UAV Path Planning 1032
2 Simulation Results and Discussion 1033
3 Conclusions 1035
References 1036
105 Effect of Crack Severity on a Curved Cantilever Beam Using Differential Quadrature Element Method 1038
Abstract 1038
1 Introduction 1039
2 Theoretical Analysis of Cracked Curved Cantilever Beam 1040
3 Finite Element Modeling of Cracked Curved Cantilever Beam 1043
4 Results and Discussion 1045
5 Conclusion 1049
References 1049