Introduction to Networks Labs and Study Guide (CCNAv7)

Allan Johnson entered the academic world in 1999 after 10 years as a business owner/operator to dedicate his efforts to his passion for teaching. He holds both an MBA and an M.Ed in occupational training and development. He taught a variety of technology courses to high school students and is an adjunct instructor at Del Mar College. Since 2006, Allan has worked full time for Cisco Networking Academy in several roles. He is currently engaged as Curriculum Lead. Cisco Networking Academy isan innovative Cisco education initiative that delivers information andcommunication technology skills to improve career and economic opportunitiesaround the world. The Academy provides online courses, interactive tools, andlab activities to prepare individuals for information technology and networkingcareers in virtually every industry.

Introduction xxx

Chapter 1 Networking Today 1

Networks Affect Our Lives 2

Network Components 2

Network Representations and Topologies 4

Common Types of Networks 5

Internet Connections 6

Reliable Networks 8

Network Trends 9

Network Security 11

The IT Professional 12

1.5.7 Packet Tracer—Network Representation 13

1.9.3 Lab—Research IT and Networking Job Opportunities 16

Chapter 2 Basic Switch and End Device Configuration 19

Cisco IOS Access 20

IOS Navigation 21

The Command Structure 23

Basic Device Configuration 25

Save Configurations 27

Ports and Addresses 27

Configure IP Addressing 28

Verify Connectivity 30

Command Reference 32

2.3.7 Packet Tracer—Navigate the IOS 33

2.3.8 Lab—Navigate the IOS by Using Tera Term for Console Connectivity 38

2.5.5 Packet Tracer—Configure Initial Switch Settings 45

2.7.6 Packet Tracer—Implement Basic Connectivity 50

2.9.1 Packet Tracer—Basic Switch and End Device Configuration 53

2.9.2 Lab—Basic Switch and End Device Configuration 55

Chapter 3 Protocols and Models 59

The Rules 60

Protocols 61

Protocol Suites 63

Standards Organizations 66

Reference Models 68

Data Encapsulation 69

Data Access 71

3.0.3 Class Activity—Design a Communications System 73

3.4.4 Lab—Research Networking Standards 74

3.5.5 Packet Tracer—Investigate the TCP/IP and OSI Models in Action 77

3.7.9 Lab—Install Wireshark 82

3.7.10 Lab—Use Wireshark to View Network Traffic 84

Chapter 4 Physical Layer 91

Purpose of the Physical Layer 92

Physical Layer Characteristics 92

Copper Cabling 94

UTP Cabling 96

Fiber-Optic Cabling 97

Wireless Media 99

4.6.5 Packet Tracer—Connect a Wired and Wireless LAN 101

4.6.6 Lab—View Wired and Wireless NIC Information 105

4.7.1 Packet Tracer—Connect the Physical Layer 109

Chapter 5 Number Systems 115

Binary Number System 116

Hexadecimal Number System 118

Chapter 6 Data Link Layer 123

Purpose of the Data Link Layer 124

Topologies 126

Data Link Frame 128

Chapter 7 Ethernet Switching 131

Ethernet Frames 132

Ethernet MAC Address 134

The MAC Address Table 135

Switch Speeds and Forwarding Methods 140

7.1.6 Lab—Use Wireshark to Examine Ethernet Frames 142

7.2.7 Lab—View Network Device MAC Addresses 149

7.3.7 Lab—View the Switch MAC Address Table 155

Chapter 8 Network Layer 159

Network Layer Characteristics 160

IPv4 Packet 161

IPv6 Packet 163

How a Host Routes 164

Introduction to Routing 166

Chapter 9 Address Resolution 171

MAC and IP 172

ARP 173

IPv6 Neighbor Discovery 175

9.1.3 Packet Tracer—Identify MAC and IP Addresses 177

9.2.9 Packet Tracer—Examine the ARP Table 181

9.3.4 Packet Tracer—IPv6 Neighbor Discovery 185

Chapter 10 Basic Router Configuration 191

Configure Initial Router Settings 192

Configure Interfaces 194

Configure the Default Gateway 196

Command Reference 197

10.1.4 Packet Tracer—Configure Initial Router Settings 198

10.3.4 Packet Tracer—Connect a Router to a LAN 202

10.3.5 Packet Tracer—Troubleshoot Default Gateway Issues 207

10.4.3 Packet Tracer—Basic Device Configuration 210

10.4.4 Lab—Build a Switch and Router Network 212

Chapter 11 IPv4 Addressing 219

IPv4 Address Structure 220

IPv4 Unicast, Broadcast, and Multicast 224

Types of IPv4 Addresses 224

Network Segmentation 226

Subnet an IPv4 Network 227

VLSM Addressing Schemes 231

11.5.5 Packet Tracer—Subnet an IPv4 Network 236

11.6.6 Lab—Calculate IPv4 Subnets 241

11.7.5 Packet Tracer—Subnetting Scenario 245

11.9.3 Packet Tracer—VLSM Design and Implementation Practice 249

11.10.1 Packet Tracer—Design and Implement a VLSM Addressing Scheme 253

11.10.2 Lab—Design and Implement a VLSM Addressing Scheme 255

Chapter 12 IPv6 Addressing 261

IPv4 Issues 262

IPv6 Address Representation 263

IPv6 Address Types 263

GUA and LLA Static Configuration 265

Dynamic Addressing for IPv6 GUAs 267

Dynamic Addressing for IPv6 LLAs 272

IPv6 Multicast Addresses 272

Subnet an IPv6 Network 272

12.6.6 Packet Tracer—Configure IPv6 Addressing 276

12.7.4 Lab—Identify IPv6 Addresses 280

12.9.1 Packet Tracer—Implement a Subnetted IPv6 Addressing Scheme 284

12.9.2 Lab—Configure IPv6 Addresses on Network Devices 286

Chapter 13 ICMP 291

ICMP Messages 292

Ping and Traceroute Tests 296

Command Reference 297

13.2.6 Packet Tracer—Verify IPv4 and IPv6 Addressing 297

13.2.7 Packet Tracer—Use Ping and Traceroute to Test Network Connectivity 301

13.3.1 Packet Tracer—Use ICMP to Test and Correct Network Connectivity 305

13.3.2 Lab—Use Ping and Traceroute to Test Network Connectivity 307

Chapter 14 Transport Layer 319

Transportation of Data 320

TCP Overview 322

UDP Overview 325

Port Numbers 327

TCP Communication Process 329

Reliability and Flow Control 332

UDP Communication 334

Command Reference 336

14.8.1 Packet Tracer—TCP and UDP Communications 336

Chapter 15 Application Layer 343

Application, Presentation, and Session 344

Application Layer 344

Peer-to-Peer 346

Web and Email Protocols 347

IP Addressing Services 349

File Sharing Services 353

Command Reference 355

15.4.8 Lab—Observe DNS Resolution 355

Chapter 16 Network Security Fundamentals 359

Security Threats and Vulnerabilities 360

Network Attacks 361

Network Attack Mitigation 364

Device Security 366

Command Reference 368

16.2.6 Lab—Research Network Security Threats 368

16.4.6 Packet Tracer—Configure Secure Passwords and SSH 372

16.4.7 Lab—Configure Network Devices with SSH 375

16.5.1 Packet Tracer—Secure Network Devices 381

16.5.1 Lab—Secure Network Devices 383

Chapter 17 Build a Small Network 389

Devices in a Small Network 390

Small Network Applications and Protocols 392

Scale to Larger Networks 394

Verify Connectivity 395

Host and IOS Commands 397

Troubleshooting Methodologies 402

Troubleshooting Scenarios 403

Command Reference 405

17.4.6 Lab—Test Network Latency with Ping and Traceroute 406

17.5.9 Packet Tracer—Interpret show Command Output 411

17.7.6 Lab—Troubleshoot Connectivity Issues 413

17.7.7 Packet Tracer—Troubleshoot Connectivity Issues 418

17.8.1 Lab—Design and Build a Small Network 422

17.8.2 Packet Tracer—Skills Integration Challenge 423

17.8.3 Packet Tracer—Troubleshooting Challenge 426