5G System Design (eBook)
XXIII, 393 Seiten
Springer International Publishing (Verlag)
978-3-030-22236-9 (ISBN)
Preface 6
Acknowledgement 9
Acronyms 10
Contents 15
Contributors 19
Chapter 1: From 4G to 5G: Use Cases and Requirements 20
1.1 Introduction 20
1.2 Global 5G Development 22
1.2.1 ITU-R Development on 5G/IMT-2020 22
1.2.2 Regional Development/Promotion on 5G 24
1.2.2.1 NGMN 25
1.2.2.2 IMT-2020 (5G) Promotion Group 25
1.2.2.3 Europe: 5G PPP 25
1.2.2.4 Korea: 5G Forum 26
1.2.2.5 Japan: 5GMF 26
1.2.2.6 North and South America: 5G Americas 26
1.2.2.7 Global 5G Event 27
1.2.3 Standard Development 27
1.3 Use Case Extensions and Requirements 28
1.3.1 5G Usage Cases and Service Requirement 28
1.3.1.1 Extended Usage Scenarios: From eMBB to IoT (mMTC and URLLC) 29
1.3.1.2 Survey of Diverse Services Across 5G Usage Scenarios and the Diverse Requirements 30
1.3.1.2.1 eMBB Services 31
UHD/3D Video Streaming 31
Video Sharing 31
AR/VR Delivering to User 31
1.3.1.2.2 mMTC Services 32
1.3.1.2.3 URLLC Services 34
1.3.1.3 Supporting Requirements and Operational Requirements to Enable 5G Service Deployment 35
1.3.1.3.1 eMBB 35
Edge User Experienced Data Rate 35
Area Traffic Capacity 36
Spectral Efficiency 36
Energy Efficiency 37
1.3.1.3.2 mMTC 37
1.3.1.3.3 URLLC 38
Availability 38
1.3.1.3.4 General 38
Coverage 38
1.3.2 5G Key Capabilities and Technical Performance Requirements 38
1.3.2.1 Key Capabilities for 5G 39
1.3.2.1.1 eMBB 39
User Experienced Data Rate 39
Area Traffic Capacity 40
Mobility 40
Peak Data Rate 40
Energy Efficiency 40
Spectral Efficiency 41
1.3.2.1.2 mMTC 41
Connection Density 41
Network Energy Efficiency 42
Operational Lifetime 42
1.3.2.1.3 URLLC 42
Latency 42
Mobility 42
Reliability 42
Resilience 42
1.3.2.1.4 Other Capabilities 43
Spectrum and Bandwidth Flexibility 43
Security and Privacy 43
1.3.2.2 Technical Performance Requirements for 5G 43
1.3.3 Summary on 5G Requirements 43
1.4 Standard Organization and 5G Activities 45
1.4.1 ITU-R Procedure/Process of IMT-2020 Submission 46
1.4.1.1 Stage 1: IMT-2020 Vision Development (2012–2015) 46
1.4.1.2 Stage 2: IMT-2020 Technical Performance and Evaluation Criteria Development (2015–2017) 46
1.4.1.3 Stage 3: IMT-2020 Submission, Evaluation, and Specification Development (2016–2020) 47
1.4.2 3GPP Development Towards ITU-R Submission 48
1.4.3 Independent Evaluation Groups to Assist ITU-R Endorse IMT-2020 Specification 50
1.5 Summary 50
References 51
Chapter 2: 5G Fundamental Air Interface Design 53
2.1 LTE Air Interface Overview 53
2.1.1 LTE Frame Structure 54
2.1.2 Physical Layer Channels 55
2.1.2.1 Multiple-Access Scheme 56
2.1.2.2 System Bandwidth 58
2.1.2.3 Numerology 59
2.1.2.4 Physical Channel Definition 61
2.1.3 Reference Signal 62
2.1.3.1 Downlink Reference Signals 62
2.1.3.1.1 Cell-Specific Reference Signal 62
2.1.3.1.2 UE-Specific Reference Signal 65
2.1.3.1.3 CSI Reference Signal 67
2.1.3.1.4 Discovery Signal 73
2.1.3.1.5 Other Downlink Reference Signals 73
2.1.3.2 Uplink Reference Signals 73
2.1.3.2.1 Uplink Demodulation Reference Signal 74
2.1.3.2.2 Uplink Sounding Reference Signal (SRS) 77
SRS Transmission in Time Domain 78
SRS Transmission in Frequency Domain 79
Aperiodic SRS 81
2.1.4 Downlink Transmission 81
2.1.4.1 PBCH 81
2.1.4.2 Control Channel 83
2.1.4.2.1 PCFICH 84
2.1.4.2.2 PDCCH 84
2.1.4.2.3 PHICH 87
2.1.4.3 PDSCH 89
2.1.4.4 Modulation Coding Scheme (MCS) 91
2.1.5 Uplink Transmission 92
2.1.5.1 PUCCH 92
2.1.5.1.1 PUCCH Formats 1/1a/1b 92
2.1.5.1.2 PUCCH Format 2/2a/2b 94
2.1.5.1.3 PUCCH Format 3 95
2.1.5.1.4 PUCCH Format 4/Format 5 96
2.1.5.2 PUSCH 97
2.1.5.3 Modulation 99
2.1.6 HARQ Timing 99
2.1.7 Carrier Aggregation (CA) and Band Combinations 101
2.1.8 Initial Access and Mobility Procedures 102
2.2 5G-NR Design of Carrier and Channels 106
2.2.1 Numerology for the Carrier 106
2.2.2 Frame Structure 108
2.2.2.1 Cell-Specific Higher Layer Configuration 109
2.2.2.2 UE-Specific Higher Layer Configuration 110
2.2.2.3 Group Common PDCCH 111
2.2.2.4 DL/UL Dynamic Scheduling 111
2.2.3 Physical Layer Channels 112
2.2.3.1 Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH) 112
2.2.3.2 Physical Shared Data Channel (PDSCH) 115
2.2.3.3 Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) 116
2.2.3.4 Physical Uplink Shared Data Channel (PUSCH) 119
2.2.3.5 Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH) 120
2.2.3.5.1 PUCCH Format 0 120
2.2.3.5.2 PUCCH Format 1 121
2.2.3.5.3 PUCCH Format 2 121
2.2.3.5.4 PUCCH Format 3 and 4 122
2.2.4 Physical Layer (PHY) Reference Signals 122
2.2.4.1 Reference Signal Design Framework and Considerations [42] 123
2.2.4.2 Demodulation Reference Signal 126
2.2.4.2.1 Overall Design of NR DM-RS 126
2.2.4.2.2 DM-RS Type-1 Configuration 127
2.2.4.2.3 DM-RS Type-2 Configuration 128
2.2.4.3 CSI-RS 129
2.2.4.3.1 General Design of CSI-RS 130
2.2.4.3.2 CSI-RS for CSI Acquisition 132
2.2.4.3.3 CSI-RS for Beam management 133
2.2.4.3.4 CSI-RS for Time and Frequency Tracking 133
2.2.4.3.5 CSI-RS for Mobility Measurement 134
2.2.4.4 Sounding Reference Signal 135
2.2.4.4.1 General Design of SRS 135
2.2.4.4.2 SRS for DL CSI Acquisition 136
SRS Antenna Switching 137
SRS Carrier Switching 137
2.2.4.4.3 SRS for Codebook and Non-codebook-Based Uplink MIMO 138
2.2.4.4.4 SRS for UL Beam Management 138
2.2.4.5 Phase Tracking Reference Signal 138
2.2.4.5.1 PT-RS for PDSCH 139
2.2.4.5.2 PT-RS for PUSCH of CP-OFDM 139
2.2.4.5.3 PT-RS for PUSCH of DFT-s-OFDM 140
2.2.4.6 Quasi-co-Location and Transmission Configuration Indicator 141
2.3 5G-NR Spectrum and Band Definition 142
2.3.1 5G Spectrum and Duplexing 142
2.3.1.1 IMT-2020 Candidate Spectrum 142
2.3.1.1.1 C-Band (3,300–4,200 and 4,400–5,000 MHz) 144
2.3.1.1.2 Mm-Wave Bands 144
2.3.1.1.3 Sub-GHz Frequency Bands for 5G 145
2.3.1.2 5G Duplexing Mechanisms 147
2.3.1.2.1 5G Candidate Band Types and Duplex Modes 147
2.3.1.2.2 Flexible Duplex: Convergence of FDD and TDD 148
Joint Operation of FDD and TDD 148
Synchronization for TDD Band 149
Dynamic TDD and Flexible Duplex 155
2.3.2 3GPP 5G-NR Band Definition 159
2.3.2.1 3GPP Rel.15 5G-NR Band Definition 159
2.3.2.2 3GPP 5G-NR Band Combination 161
2.3.2.2.1 5G-NR Band Combination Mechanisms 161
2.3.2.2.2 5G Band Combination Definition 163
2.3.2.2.3 Multi-Band Coexistence Requirements and Solutions: Intermodulation and Harmonics 163
Intermodulation Avoidance with Single UL Transmission 166
Harmonics Distortion Avoidance by Cross-Band Scheduling Coordination 168
2.4 4G/5G Spectrum Sharing (aka LTE/NR Coexistence) 169
2.4.1 Motivation and Benefit 169
2.4.1.1 NR Coverage on New Spectrum 170
2.4.1.1.1 Link Budget 170
2.4.1.1.2 UL/DL Assignment Impact on NR Coverage 172
2.4.1.1.3 5G-NR Deployment Challenges Due to the Coverage 172
2.4.1.2 UL/DL Decoupling Enabled by 4G/5G UL Spectrum Sharing 174
2.4.1.3 Benefits of 4G/5G Uplink Spectrum Sharing 175
2.4.1.3.1 Higher Spectrum Utilization Efficiency 175
2.4.1.3.2 Feedback Latency and Efficiency 176
2.4.1.3.3 Seamless Coverage, Deployment Investment, and Mobility 177
2.4.1.3.4 Unified Network Configuration for Various Traffic Types 178
2.4.1.4 Summary of LTE/NR Spectrum Sharing Scenarios 179
2.4.2 LTE/NR Spectrum Sharing: Network Deployment Scenarios 179
2.4.2.1 LTE/NR UL Sharing for NR Standalone Deployment 182
2.4.2.2 LTE/NR UL Sharing for Non-standalone NR Deployment, from Network and UE Perspective 182
2.4.2.3 LTE/NR Sharing in TDD Band 184
2.4.3 LTE/NR Spectrum Sharing: Requirements for Highly Efficient Sharing 184
2.4.3.1 Subcarrier Alignment for LTE/NR Spectrum Sharing 184
2.4.3.2 PRB Alignment for LTE/NR Spectrum Sharing 187
2.4.3.3 Channel Raster for the NR-SUL Band 193
2.4.3.4 Synchronization and Timing for LTE/NR UL Sharing 194
2.4.3.4.1 Synchronization Requirements Between LTE UL and NR SUL Cells 194
2.4.3.4.2 Timing Advance Mechanisms for LTE/NR UL Sharing 195
2.4.3.4.3 NSA LTE/NR UL Sharing TDM Configuration for HARQ Timing 197
2.4.4 NR SUL Band Combinations: Uplink Carrier Selection and Switching 198
2.4.4.1 Single-Cell Concept 198
2.4.4.2 UL Carrier Selection and Switch 198
2.4.4.2.1 Idle Mode UL Selection: Initial Access with PRACH 199
2.4.4.2.2 Connected Mode UL Selection: PUSCH/PUCCH Scheduling 201
2.4.4.3 SRS Switching 203
2.4.4.4 Power Control 204
2.4.5 4G/5G DL Spectrum Sharing Design 206
2.4.5.1 Rate Matching Around CRS 206
2.4.5.2 MBSFN Type Sharing 207
2.4.5.3 Mini-Slot Scheduling 207
2.4.5.4 SS SCS Definition for Coexisting Bands 208
2.5 5G-NR New Physical Layer Technologies 209
2.5.1 Waveform and Multiple Access 209
2.5.2 Channel Coding 213
2.5.2.1 LDPC 214
2.5.2.2 Polar Code 216
2.5.3 MIMO Design 218
2.5.3.1 DM-RS-Based MIMO Transmission 219
2.5.3.1.1 Codeword to Layer Mapping 219
2.5.3.1.2 PRB Bundling 220
2.5.3.1.3 DCI for MU-MIMO 220
2.5.3.2 CSI Acquisition 222
2.5.3.2.1 Framework for Configuration and Signaling of CSI Acquisition 222
2.5.3.2.2 Measurement for CSI Acquisition 224
2.5.3.2.3 Feedback Report and Calculation 225
2.5.3.2.4 Codebooks for PMI Report 227
2.5.3.3 Uplink MIMO 227
2.5.3.3.1 Codebook-Based Uplink MIMO 227
2.5.3.3.2 Non-codebook-Based Uplink MIMO 228
2.5.4 5G-NR Unified Air Interface Design for eMBB and URLLC 229
2.5.5 mMTC 230
2.5.5.1 NB-IoT 231
2.5.5.2 eMTC 234
2.5.5.3 NR mMTC 235
2.6 Summary 236
References 238
Chapter 3: 5G Procedure, RAN Architecture, and Protocol 244
3.1 5G-NR New Procedures 244
3.1.1 Initial Access and Mobility (IAM) 244
3.1.2 Beam Management 248
3.1.2.1 Downlink Beam Management 248
3.1.2.2 Beam Failure Recovery 249
3.1.2.3 Uplink Beam Management 249
3.1.3 Power Control 250
3.1.3.1 Fractional Power Control Design 250
3.1.3.2 NR Uplink Power Control Design Requirements and Framework 252
3.1.4 HARQ 253
3.2 RAN Architecture Evolution and Protocol 255
3.2.1 Overall Architecture 255
3.2.1.1 RAN Architecture Overview 255
3.2.1.2 RAN Architecture Options 257
3.2.1.3 CU-DU Split 258
3.2.1.4 RAN Protocol and Stack 258
3.2.1.4.1 NR Standalone Network Protocol Architecture 258
3.2.1.4.1.1 Control Plane 259
3.2.1.4.1.2 User Plane 260
MAC Layer 260
RLC Layer 264
PDCP Layer 264
SDAP Layer 267
3.2.1.4.2 MR DC Protocol Architecture 269
3.2.2 Fundamental Procedures for NR Standalone 272
3.2.2.1 UE State Transition 272
3.2.2.2 System Information Acquisition 273
3.2.2.3 Paging and DRX 274
3.2.2.4 Access Control 276
3.2.2.5 Random Access Procedure 276
3.2.2.6 RRC Procedures Supporting RRC_INACTIVE State 279
3.2.3 Mobility Control 280
3.2.3.1 Cell selection 280
3.2.3.2 Cell Reselection 280
3.2.3.3 Measurements in RRC_CONNECTED 281
3.2.3.4 Inter-system/Inter-RAT Mobility in Connected Mode 282
3.2.3.4.1 Beam Level Mobility 282
3.2.3.4.2 Handover 282
3.2.4 Vertical Support 284
3.2.4.1 Slicing 284
3.2.4.2 URLLC 285
3.2.4.2.1 Packet Duplication 285
3.2.4.2.2 Transmission/Reception Without Dynamic Grant 286
3.3 Summary 287
References 288
Chapter 4: 5G System Architecture 289
4.1 5G System Architecture 289
4.2 5G Core (5GC) Service-Based Architecture 291
4.2.1 Example of NF Service Registration 293
4.2.2 Example of NF Service Discovery 293
4.3 Network Slicing 294
4.4 Registration, Connection, and Session Management 297
4.4.1 Registration Management 297
4.4.2 Connection Management 297
4.4.3 Registration Call Flow 298
4.4.4 PDU Session Establishment Call Flow 299
4.4.5 Service Request 301
4.4.6 Other Procedures 302
4.5 Session and Service Continuity in 5GC 302
4.6 Interworking with EPC 305
4.7 CP and UP Protocols in 5G Core 306
4.7.1 CP Protocol Stack 306
4.7.2 User Plane Protocol Stack 307
4.8 Support for Virtualized Deployments 308
4.9 Support for Edge Computing 309
4.10 Policy and Charging Control in 5G System 310
4.11 Summary 313
References 314
Chapter 5: 5G Capability Outlook: ITU-R Submission and Performance Evaluation 315
5.1 Overview of 5G Requirements 315
5.2 Overview of Evaluation Methodologies 317
5.2.1 System-Level Simulation for eMBB Technical Performance Requirements 317
5.2.2 Full System-Level Simulation and System plus Link-Level Simulation for Connection Density Evaluation 319
5.2.2.1 Overview of Full System-Level Simulation 319
5.2.2.2 Overview of System-Level plus Link-Level Simulation 320
5.2.3 System-Level plus Link-Level Simulation for Mobility and Reliability 320
5.2.4 Analysis Method 320
5.2.5 Inspection Method 321
5.3 Detailed Definition of Evaluation Metrics and Evaluation Method 321
5.3.1 Evaluation Metrics for eMBB Requirements 321
5.3.1.1 Peak Spectral Efficiency 321
5.3.1.2 Peak Data Rate 323
5.3.1.3 Fifth Percentile User Spectral Efficiency and Average Spectral Efficiency 323
5.3.1.4 User Experienced Data Rate 324
5.3.1.5 Area Traffic Capacity 325
5.3.1.6 User Plane Latency 325
5.3.1.7 Control Plane Latency 330
5.3.1.8 Energy Efficiency 332
5.3.1.9 Mobility 333
5.3.1.10 Mobility Interruption Time 334
5.3.2 Evaluation Metrics for mMTC Requirements 334
5.3.2.1 Connection Density 334
5.3.3 Evaluation Metrics for URLLC Requirements 335
5.3.3.1 User Plane Latency 335
5.3.3.2 Control Plane Latency 335
5.3.3.3 Reliability 336
5.3.3.4 Mobility Interruption Time 336
5.4 5G Performance Evaluation 336
5.4.1 5G Wideband Frame Structure and Physical Channel Structure 337
5.4.1.1 Contribution to Overhead Reduction and Spectral Efficiency/Data Rate Improvement 337
5.4.1.2 Contribution to Latency 343
5.4.1.3 Contribution to Reliability 356
5.4.2 NR MIMO, Multiple Access, and Waveform 358
5.4.2.1 Contribution to Spectral Efficiency Improvement 358
5.4.2.1.1 Downlink Evaluation 358
5.4.2.1.2 Uplink Evaluation 362
5.4.2.2 Contribution to Area Traffic Capacity 364
5.4.3 LTE/NR Coexistence (DL/UL Decoupling) 364
5.4.3.1 Contribution to DL User Experienced Data Rate 367
5.4.3.2 Contribution to UL User Experienced Data Rate 372
5.4.3.3 Contribution to Uplink User Plane Latency 375
5.4.4 NB-IoT 375
5.4.5 Field Test of LTE/NR Spectrum Sharing 378
5.4.5.1 Indoor Test in NSA Deployment 378
5.4.5.2 Indoor Test in SA Deployment 379
5.4.5.3 Outdoor Test 381
5.5 Summary 384
References 385
Chapter 6: 5G Market and Industry 386
6.1 5G Market 386
6.1.1 5G for Enhanced Mobile Broadband Service 387
6.1.2 5G for Vertical Applications 387
6.2 Global Unified 5G Standard and Ecosystem 389
6.2.1 3GPP 390
6.2.2 Other Fora 395
6.2.2.1 5G ACIA for 5G Development in Manufacturing and Processing Industry 395
6.2.2.2 5GAA for 5G Development for Connected Automotive 398
6.2.2.3 Other Verticals 400
6.3 Early Deployments 400
6.3.1 5G Trial in IMT-2020 (5G) Promotion Group 400
6.3.2 5G Deployment Plan 402
6.4 Looking Forward 406
References 407
| Erscheint lt. Verlag | 9.9.2019 |
|---|---|
| Zusatzinfo | XXIII, 393 p. 206 illus., 175 illus. in color. |
| Sprache | englisch |
| Themenwelt | Mathematik / Informatik ► Informatik |
| Technik ► Elektrotechnik / Energietechnik | |
| Technik ► Nachrichtentechnik | |
| Schlagworte | 5G • 5G Core • edge computing • EPC • internet of things • LTE • LTE/NR Co-existence • MIMO • mMTC • mmWave • network slicing • New Radio • Nr • polar codes • Radio access technology • Software Defined Network • URLLC • virtualization • wireless communication |
| ISBN-10 | 3-030-22236-5 / 3030222365 |
| ISBN-13 | 978-3-030-22236-9 / 9783030222369 |
| Haben Sie eine Frage zum Produkt? |
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