Advancements in Smart City and Intelligent Building (eBook)

Qiansheng Fang is currently the president of Anhui Jianzhu University, Anhui, China. He received his Ph.D. degree in Engineering from the University of Science and Technology of China. He served as the director of the Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Intelligent Building and Building Energy Saving in 2017. He has published 4 books and holds more than 20 patents. Quanmin Zhu is a professor at the University of the West of England (UWE), Bristol, UK. He received his Ph.D. degree in engineering from the University of Warwick. He has published more than 200 articles in international journals and co-authored 6 books.Feng Qiao is a professor at Shenyang Jianzhu University, Shenyang, China. He received his Ph.D. degree in  Electrical and Electronic Engineering from the University of the West of England. His research interests include fuzzy logic systems, neural networks, adaptive control, modeling and simulation and etc. He has published more than 60 academic papers.

The 2018 International Conference On Smart City and Intelligent Building ICSCIB 2018 6
Organized by 6
Sponsored by 6
Organizer, Sponsors and Supporters 7
Organizer 6
Sponsors 6
Supporters 6
Conference Organizing Committee 9
General Chairs 6
Program Chairs 6
International Program Committee 10
Chairs of IPC 6
Members of IPC 6
Invited Speakers 12
Preface 13
Acknowledgements 15
About This Book 17
Contents 18
Building Energy Efficiency 24
Study on the Control Method of Temperature and Humidity Environment in Building Intelligent System 25
1 Introduction 25
2 Radial Basis Function (RBF) Neural Network and Orthogonal Least Squares Algorithm (OLS) 26
3 Weed Optimization Algorithm Based on RBF Neural Network Node Centers 27
4 Simulation and Analysis 29
4.1 Data Acquisition 29
4.2 Simulation Results 30
5 Conclusions 32
References 32
Research on Human Thermal Comfort Model Based on Multiple Physiological Parameters 33
1 Introduction 34
2 Methods 34
3 Experiments of Human Thermal Comfort 36
3.1 Experimental Environment 36
3.2 Design of Questionnaires 36
3.3 Test Conditions and Procedures 38
4 Establishment and Evaluation of the Human Thermal Comfort Model 38
4.1 Experimental Data 38
4.2 Establishment of the Human Thermal Comfort Model 38
4.3 Evaluation of the Human Thermal Comfort Model 39
5 Results and Discussion 40
6 Conclusions 41
References 42
Study on Thermal Comfort Model Based on Genetic Algorithm with Backpropagation Neural Network 44
1 Introduction 44
2 Establishment of Thermal Comfort Model 45
2.1 Physiological Signal Extraction 45
2.2 Feature Fusion of Physiological Signals 46
2.3 The Feature Optimization Based on Genetic Algorithm 47
2.4 The Principles and Construction of BP Neural Network 50
2.5 Identification of the Numbers of Neurons in Hidden Layers 50
3 Experiment and Results 51
3.1 Subjects and Facilities 51
3.2 Data Preprocessing 51
3.3 Establishment of BP Neural Network Model 52
3.4 Verification of Experimental Results 52
4 Conclusions and Discussion 53
References 53
An Optimization Model for PV and CCHP-Supplied Power System in Buildings 55
1 Introduction 55
2 Models of Individual Unit 56
2.1 Model of PV Unit 56
2.2 Model of ICE 57
2.3 Model of GF 58
2.4 Model of LiBr AC 58
3 Optimization Algorithm for System Dispatch 59
3.1 Optimizing Dispatch Modeling 59
3.2 Algorithm of Optimizing Dispatch 60
4 Algorithm Implementation and Results of the Case Study 61
4.1 Algorithm Implementation 61
4.2 Case Study 61
5 Conclusions 64
References 64
Control and Optimization of Indoor Environmental Quality Based on Model Prediction in Building 65
1 Introduction 65
2 The Model of Control System 66
2.1 Notations 66
2.2 The Indoor Environment Quality Control Mathematical Model 67
3 Analysis and Validation of Model 71
4 Model Predictive Control and Optimization 72
5 Analysis of Experiment and Result 73
6 Conclusions 76
References 77
Identifying Abnormal Energy Consumption Data of Lighting and Socket Based on Energy Consumption Characteristics 78
1 Introduction 78
2 The Classification of Data 79
3 Identification Method of Missing or Mutational Data 81
4 Identification Methods of Implicit Error Data 82
4.1 Threshold Method 82
4.2 Clustering Method 83
4.3 Identification Method Based on Energy Consumption Characteristics 83
5 Case Study 85
5.1 Classify the Energy-Usage Mode 85
5.2 Eliminate Abnormal Data by Clustering Method 89
5.3 Compare with Historic Energy Consumption Characteristic Lines 90
6 Conclusions 91
References 91
Construction Robot and Automation 92
An Improved Weight Control System for Slender Cigarette Production 93
1 Introduction 94
2 Structure of Control System 94
3 Weight Control Principle 96
3.1 Weight Signal Acquisition 96
3.2 Calculation of Cigarette Weight 96
3.3 Weight Control Algorithm 97
4 Experiment and Result Analysis 99
5 Conclusions 99
References 100
Design of Building Environment Mobile Monitoring and Safety Early Warning Robot 102
1 Introduction 102
2 Balance Principle Design of Two-Wheeled Robot 103
2.1 Mechanical Structure Design of Two-Wheeled Monitoring Robot 103
2.2 Two-Wheeled Robot Motion and Balance Analysis 103
2.3 Walking Upright Control Algorithm 105
3 System Architecture Design 106
4 System Software Program Design 107
4.1 Motion Control Program Design 107
4.2 Program Design of Environmental Monitoring Software 109
5 Conclusions 109
References 110
Application of Probabilistic Reasoning Algorithm in Indoor Positioning Based on WLAN 111
1 Introduction 111
2 Indoor Navigation System 112
3 Positioning Method Based on Fingerprint 113
4 Probabilistic Reasoning Algorithm 114
5 Experimental Results 115
6 Conclusions 116
References 116
Multiple Rotorcrafts Environment Map Fusion for Atmosphere Monitoring 117
1 Introduction 118
2 Model Establishment of Fluent’s Two-Dimensional Concentration Map 119
3 Mean Factor Algorithm 121
4 Simulation Experiment 122
5 Conclusions 126
References 129
Simulated Tests of Feedforward Active Noise Control (ANC) for Building Noise Cancellation 130
1 Introduction 130
2 Feedforward and Feedback ANC Systems 131
3 Simulation Studies 134
3.1 Narrowband Signal 134
3.2 The Mixed Noise 136
4 Conclusions 136
References 138
Research on Production Layout Design of Concrete Prefabricated Units Based on SLP 139
1 Introduction 139
2 Original Condition 140
3 Analysis of Logistics and Non-logistics 142
4 Draw the Unit Comprehensive Correlation Table 143
4.1 Comprehensive Correlation Calculation of Operation Units 143
4.2 Draw the Unit Comprehensive Correlation Table 144
5 The Drawing of Units Location of Comprehensive Operation 145
6 The Layout Design of the Manufacturing Area 145
7 Selection and Optimization of the Scheme 146
8 Conclusions 146
References 148
Intelligent Community and Urban Safety 149
Blockchain in Smart City Development—The Knowledge Governance Framework in Dynamic Alliance 150
1 Introduction 150
2 Background 151
2.1 On Smart City 151
2.2 The Blockchain 152
2.3 Dynamic Alliance (DA) 155
3 DA Knowledge Governance Based on Blockchain 156
3.1 Strategic Selection of Dynamic Alliance in Smart City for Cooperation 156
3.2 The Knowledge Governance in Dynamic Alliance Based on Blockchain 160
3.3 The Organization of DA of Smart City Based on Blockchain 161
4 Conclusions 163
References 164
Attendance and Security System Based on Building Video Surveillance 166
1 Introduction 166
2 Approach 167
2.1 Face Detection 168
2.2 Image Preprocessing 168
2.3 Face Recognition 169
2.4 Multi-frame Identification Based on Sliding Average 170
3 Experiment 171
3.1 Dataset 171
3.2 Platform 171
3.3 Experimental Results 171
3.4 Performance and Comparison 172
4 Discussion 173
5 Conclusions 174
References 175
Simulation Study on Collaborative Evacuation Among Stairs and Elevators in High-Rise Building 176
1 Introduction 176
2 Feasibility Analysis of Using Elevator as the Evacuation Tool 177
3 Simulation Experiment Setting 179
4 Results and Analysis 180
4.1 Partial Building Evacuation 180
4.2 Total Building Evacuation 182
5 Conclusions 184
References 184
Dynamic Emergency Evacuation System for Large Public Building 186
1 Introduction 186
2 Frame of Emergency Evacuation System 187
2.1 Frame of Information Input System 187
2.2 Frame of Main Control Module System 188
2.3 Frame of Implementation System 189
3 The Realization of the Emergency Evacuation System 190
3.1 The Realization of Information Input System 190
3.2 The Realization of Main Control Module System 190
3.3 The Realization of Implement System 192
3.4 Expectation 192
4 Case Study 193
5 Conclusion 194
References 195
Status of Intelligent Building Development of China—Questionnaire Analysis 196
1 Introduction 197
2 Questionnaire Construction 198
2.1 Section Ration 198
2.2 Structure of the Questionnaire 198
3 Results Analysis 199
3.1 General Information of the Interview 199
3.2 Application Status of the Building Intelligent 200
3.3 Application Status of the BAS (HVAC) 201
3.4 Cost 203
3.5 Client Requirement 204
3.6 Problems 204
4 Conclusions 206
References 206
Intelligentialization of Heating Ventilation Air Conditioning System 208
Regression Model of Wet-Bulb Temperature in an HVAC System 209
1 Introduction 209
2 Original Model of the Wet-Bulb Temperature 211
2.1 Model Formulation 211
2.2 Calculation Process 211
3 Regression Model of the Wet-Bulb Temperature 212
3.1 Generalized Model of Wet-Bulb Temperature 212
3.2 Regression Model of Wet-Bulb Temperature 213
4 Case Study 214
5 Conclusions 217
References 217
Research on Optimal Control Algorithm of Ice Thermal-Storage Air-Conditioning System 218
1 Introduction 219
2 Ice-Storage Air-Conditioning System Energy Consumption Modeling 220
2.1 Notations 221
2.2 Chiller Energy Consumption Model 221
2.3 Cooling Tower Energy Consumption Model 222
2.4 Pump Energy Consumption Model 222
3 Constraint-Based Nonlinear Multivariate Function Optimization Algorithm 223
4 Case Study 224
5 Experimental Results 225
6 Conclusions 228
References 228
Decentralized Optimization Algorithm for Parallel Pumps in HVAC Based on Log-Linear Model 230
1 Introduction 231
2 System Model and Problem Definition 232
2.1 Notations 232
2.2 Pumps Model and Its Decentralized Control System 232
3 Decentralized Optimization Algorithm Based on Log-Linear Model 235
3.1 Log-Linear Model 235
3.2 Decentralized Optimization Algorithm 236
4 Case Study 237
4.1 Experimental Setup 237
4.2 Results and Analysis 238
5 Conclusions 240
References 241
Partial Fault Detection of Cooling Tower in Building HVAC System 242
1 Introduction 243
2 Development Status 244
3 Model Description 245
4 Methodology 246
5 Simulation Studies 248
6 Conclusions 250
References 251
Application of Information Network and Control Network Integration Technology in Central Air Conditioning Data Management System 252
1 Introduction 252
2 Overall Architecture 253
3 System Overall Design 254
3.1 Performance-Based Design 255
3.2 Architecture Design 255
3.3 Modules Design 256
4 Software Implementation 257
4.1 Development Environment and Tools 257
4.2 Storage Optimization Strategy 257
4.3 The Implementation and User Interface 258
5 Conclusions 258
References 259
MFAC and Parameter Optimization for a Class of Models in HVAC 260
1 Introduction 261
2 The Model-Free Adaptive Control 262
3 Simulation Studies on Controlling Object with Uncertainty 263
3.1 Simulation Object and Parameter Settings 263
3.2 Analysis of Simulation Results 266
4 MFAC Parameter Optimization 266
4.1 The Basic Idea of the Simplex Method 267
4.2 Simplex Parameter Optimization Design Based on Simulink 267
4.3 Simulation on Optimizing the Controller Parameters of MFAC 268
5 Conclusions 270
References 270
A Controller Algorithm (ILC) for the Variable Differential Pressure Control of Freezing Water in a Central Air Conditioning System 272
1 Introduction 272
2 Variable Water Volume Air Conditioning Systems 273
3 Variable Differential Pressure Control 274
4 Variable Differential Pressure Control Based on Iterative Learning Algorithm 275
4.1 Selection of Ideal Trajectory of Differential Pressure 275
4.2 The Iterative Learning Control Unit 276
4.3 Simulation Experiments 277
5 Analysis of Energy Consumption 279
6 Conclusions 280
References 280
The Online Evaluation System of Chiller Plant in HVAC System 281
1 Introduction 281
2 Architecture of the Evaluation System 282
2.1 Software Architecture 282
2.2 Functional Architecture 284
3 Evaluation Contents and Methods 284
3.1 Notations 284
3.2 Evaluation Contents 285
3.3 Evaluation Methods 286
4 Evaluation Case 287
5 Conclusions 288
References 289
The Power Consumption Model of Chiller with Elman Neural Networks for On-line Prediction and Control 290
1 Introduction 290
2 Description of the Elman Neural Network 291
2.1 Notations 291
3 Model Input and Output Parameters 292
4 Description of Measurement System and Experimental Data 292
5 Development of the ENN Model 293
5.1 Evaluating Indicators of ENN Model 293
5.2 Data Preprocessing 295
5.3 The Network Architecture of ENN Model 295
5.4 ENN Model Training 295
5.5 ENN Model Testing 296
6 Application of the ENN Model 297
7 Conclusions 297
References 298
Information Technology and Intelligent Transportation Systems 299
Research on Driving Decisions in Winter and Summer Based on Survey Date 300
1 Introduction 300
2 The Survey Data 301
3 Based on Survey Date Analyze Vehicle Driving Characteristics 302
3.1 Speed Profile of Stopping Vehicles 302
3.2 Proportion of Stopping Vehicles 303
4 Analytical Model 304
5 Conclusions 307
References 307
The Performance Evaluation and Improvement of Urban Taxi Firms Using Data Envelopment Analysis and Benchmarking Approach 308
1 Introduction 308
2 Methodology 309
3 Data 310
4 Results 311
5 Conclusions 314
References 314
Research on the DV-Hop Location Algorithm Based on the Particle Swarm Optimization for the Automatic Driving Vehicle 316
1 Introduction 316
2 DV-Hop Algorithm Induction 317
3 NJPDH Algorithm Based on Adaptive Particle Swarm Optimization 319
3.1 Beacon Node Improvement 319
3.2 Beacon Node Improvements 320
4 Introduction of Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm 321
4.1 Improvement of Inertia Weight 322
4.2 Active Factor Center Learning Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm 322
4.3 Algorithm Procedure 322
5 Simulation Studies and Result Analysis 323
6 Conclusions 325
References 326
Multi-objective Optimization Coordination for Urban Arterial Roadway Based on Operational-Features 327
1 Introduction 327
2 Background Knowledge 329
2.1 Multi-objective Optimization Problem 329
2.2 Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm: NSGA-II 329
2.3 Selection of the Evaluation Indexes 330
3 Modeling the Multi-objective Optimization Problem on the Urban Arterial Roadway 331
3.1 Some Main Parameters for Describing the Arterial Traffic Coordinated Control 332
3.2 Webster’s Arterial Traffic Coordinated Control Model 332
3.3 An Improved MAXBAND Arterial Traffic Coordinated Control Model 333
3.4 The Operational-Feature-Based Urban Arterial Traffic Coordinated Control Model 334
4 Numerical Experiment 335
5 Conclusions 337
References 338
Applicability Analytic of Closed Intersection Along Tramway Based on Simulation 339
1 Introduction 339
2 The Applicability of Closed Intersection 340
2.1 Traffic Organization After Closing Intersection 340
2.2 Intersection Surrounding Environment Reference Conditions 342
3 Simulation Modeling 342
4 Experiment and Result Analysis 344
4.1 Data Survey and Experimental Design 344
4.2 Result Analysis of Bypass Flow Ratio 346
4.3 Result Analysis of Left-Turn Capacity and Traffic Flow 346
5 Conclusions 347
References 347
Vehicle Scheduling Optimization of Urban Distribution Considering Traffic Control 349
1 Introduction 349
2 Problem Description and Modeling Conditions 351
3 Scheduling Optimization Model and Algorithm of Urban Distribution Considering Traffic Control 351
3.1 Variables and Parameters 351
3.2 Model Construction 353
3.3 A Hybrid Genetic Algorithm Considering Urban Transport Control Constraints 354
4 Numerical Experiments and Result Analysis 356
5 Conclusions and Outlook 358
References 358
The Warrant of Slip Lane at Single-Lane Roundabout 359
1 Introduction 359
2 Slip Lane Setting Type and Traffic Flow Characteristics 360
2.1 Type of Slip Lane at Roundabout 360
2.2 Traffic Flow Characteristics of Slip Lane 361
3 Benefit Analysis 363
3.1 Simulation Conditions 363
3.2 Results 364
3.3 Critical Condition Analysis 365
3.4 Other Influencing Factors 366
4 Conclusions 366
References 367
A New Method for the Minimum Concave Cost Transportation Problem in Smart Transportation 368
1 Introduction 368
2 Deterministic Annealing and Neural Networks 369
3 Numerical Results 372
4 Conclusions 373
References 374
Study on the Characteristics of Vehicle Lane-Changing in the Intersection 375
1 Introduction 375
2 Drivers’ Lane-Changing Behavior Analysis 376
3 Establishing the Vehicle Lane-Changing Model in the Intersection 379
4 Analyze the Behavior of Overtaking Lane-Changing in the Intersection 381
5 Conclusions 384
References 384
New Generation Intelligent Building Platform Techniques 386
A P2P Algorithm for Energy Saving of a Parallel-Connected Pumps System 387
1 Introduction 387
2 Problem Description 389
2.1 Notations 389
2.2 Mathematical Model 390
3 Distributed Algorithm 392
4 Experimental Results 393
5 Conclusions 396
References 396
A Distributed Algorithm for Building Space Topology Matching 398
1 Introduction 398
2 Problem Description 399
2.1 Notations 400
2.2 Problem Assumptions 400
2.3 Mathematical Model 401
2.4 Objective 402
3 Building Space Topology Matching Algorithm 402
4 Building Space Topology Matching Algorithm 404
5 Experiments 405
6 Conclusions 407
References 407
Decentralized Differential Evolutionary Algorithm for Large-Scale Networked Systems 408
1 Introduction 408
2 Problem Formulation 409
2.1 Centralized Optimization Problem 410
2.2 Neighborhood of Subsystems 410
2.3 Decentralized Optimization Problem 410
2.4 Notations 411
3 Decentralized Differential Evolutionary Algorithm 411
4 Experimental Setup 414
5 Results and Discussions 414
6 Conclusions 415
Appendix 417
References 418
Intelligent Building Fault Diagnosis Based on Wavelet Transform and Bayesian Network 419
1 Introduction 419
2 Bayesian Reasoning 420
3 Supply and Distribution Network Fault Feature Extraction Method 421
3.1 Electrical Characteristics Extraction Method 421
3.2 Component Switch Signal Feature Extraction Method 424
3.3 Comprehensive Feature Extraction Method 424
4 Fault Diagnosis Process for Power Distribution Based on Bayesian 425
5 Simulation Studies 428
5.1 Supply Network Fault Model and Simulation 428
5.2 Simulation Results and Analysis 429
6 Summary 432
References 432
Fault Location of Distribution Network for Wavelet Packet Energy Moment of Dragonfly Algorithm 433
1 Introduction 433
2 Wavelet Neural Network 434
2.1 Structure of Wavelet Neural Network 434
2.2 Training of Wavelet Neural Network 435
3 Power Distribution Network Fault Feature Extraction 436
3.1 Wavelet Packet Energy Moment Principle 436
3.2 Fault Feature Extraction Verification 436
4 Fault Locating of Wavelet Neural Network Based on DA 437
4.1 Dragonfly Algorithm 437
4.2 Wavelet Neural Network Fault Location Process Based on Dragonfly Algorithm 440
5 Simulation Studies 441
5.1 Model and Simulation 441
5.2 Results and Analysis 441
6 Conclusions 445
References 446
Graphical Programming Language Design for Decentralized Building Intelligent System 447
1 Introduction 447
2 Requirements of Decentralized System Graphical Programming Language 448
3 Graphical Programming Language Design 449
3.1 Graphic Elements Design 449
3.2 Interface of Graphic Elements 452
4 Graphical Programming Case 452
5 Conclusions and Outlook 454
References 455
Insect Intelligent Building (I2B): A New Architecture of Building Control Systems Based on Internet of Things (IoT) 456
1 Introduction 456
2 The New Architecture and Key Functional Features 458
3 Theoretical Foundations 461
4 Case Studies 462
5 Conclusions 464
References 465
Smart Home and Smart Utility 466
The Fault Diagnosis Model Established Based on RVM 467
1 Introduction 467
2 The Model of Relevance Vector Machine 468
2.1 Selection of Kernel Functions 470
2.2 Multimode Classification of RVM 470
3 Case Verification: Establishment of Building Electrical Fault Diagnosis Model Based on RVM 471
3.1 Establishment of RVM Fault Diagnosis Model 472
3.2 The Choice of RVM Kernel Function 472
3.3 Simulation Experiment of Electrical Fault Diagnosis Based on RVM 473
4 Conclusions 474
References 474
PLC-Based Intelligent Home Control System 475
1 Introduction 475
2 Overall Design of the System 476
3 PID Control Algorithm Based on BP Neural Network 477
3.1 Algorithm Principle 477
3.2 Simulation Studies 480
4 Conclusions 481
A Classification-Based Occupant Detection Method for Smart Home Using Multiple-WiFi Sniffers 483
1 Introduction 483
2 Basic Assumptions and the System Framework 484
3 Multiple WiFi Sniffers-Based Classification Model for Occupant Counting 486
3.1 Accuracy Analysis for Multiple-WiFi Sniffers-Based Binary Location Classifier 487
3.2 Neural Networks Based Binary Classifier Design 488
3.3 Occupant Counting 489
4 Experimental Results 489
4.1 Experimental Setup 489
4.2 Performance Evaluations and Discussion 490
5 Conclusions and Future Work 492
References 492
A p-Persistent Frequent Itemsets with 1-RHS Based Correction Algorithm for Improving the Performance of WiFi-Based Occupant Detection Method 494
1 Introduction 494
2 Basic Assumptions and System Model 495
3 Design of k-Extension of High Frequent Itemsets Based Correction Algorithm for Occupant Detection 497
3.1 Discussion on the Characteristics of the k-Extension of High-Frequent Itemsets 497
3.2 Design for p-Persistent Frequent Itemsets with 1-Right-Hand-Side (RHS)-Based Correction Algorithm for Occupant Detection 498
4 Experimental Results 499
5 Conclusions and Future Work 500
References 501
Day-Ahead Short-Term Optimization of Renewable Energy of Microgrid in Multiple Timescales 502
1 Introduction 502
2 Optimization Principle 503
3 Microgrid Optimal Operation in Short Time 504
4 Case Study 505
5 Results and Discussion 507
6 Conclusions 510
References 510
Modeling of Multiple Heating Substations Based on Long Short-Term Memory Networks 511
1 Introduction 511
2 The Principle of LSTM Network 512
3 Modeling of Multiple Heating Substations Based on LSTM 512
3.1 Multiple Heating Substations Model Structures 512
3.2 Data Selection and Preprocessing 514
3.3 Model Structure and Parameters Based on LSTM 514
4 Test Results 516
5 Conclusions 519
References 520
The Elman Network of Heat Load Forecast Based on the Temperature and Sunlight Factor 521
1 Introduction 521
2 Heat Load Forecasting Based on Elman Neural Network 522
2.1 Structure of Elman Neural Network 522
2.2 Learning Process of Elman Neural Network 523
3 Model Establishment 523
3.1 Selection of Experimental Data 524
3.2 Setting of Sunshine Factors 525
4 Algorithm Implementation 525
5 Analysis of Forecast Results 526
5.1 Comparison of Prediction Results of Multiple Neural Networks 526
5.2 Forecast Result of Adding Sunshine Factor into Elman Network 526
6 Conclusions 530
References 531
Theoretical Study on Even Heating of Single Pipe Heating System 533
1 Introduction 534
2 Heating System Model 534
2.1 Physical Model 534
2.2 Mathematical Model 536
3 Theoretical Analysis and Result Discussion 537
4 Conclusions 540
References 541
Illumination Variation Similarity Based Fault Diagnosis for HV-LED Lamp Driven by Segmented Linear Driver 542
1 Introduction 543
2 Segmented Linear Solution for HV-LED Lamp 543
3 Proposed Methods 545
4 Experimental Results 546
5 Conclusions 547
Appendix 548
References 550
Point Illumination Calculation Method in Special-Shaped Space 551
1 Introduction 551
2 Problem Description 552
2.1 Calculation of Direct Illumination 552
2.2 Reflectivity Illuminance Calculation 553
2.3 Spatial Model Establishment 555
3 Parameter Assignment Analysis 556
3.1 Reflection Calculations 557
3.2 Calculation Step 558
4 Analysis of Simulation Results 560
5 Concluding Remarks 561
References 563
Smart Underground Space 564
Device-Free Activity Recognition for Underground Spaces Based on Convolutional Neural Network 565
1 Introduction 565
2 Preliminaries 566
3 The Under-Sense System 567
3.1 System Overview 567
3.2 Signal Preprocessing and Image Construction 567
3.3 CNN-Based Feature Extraction and Classification 569
4 Experimental Results 570
4.1 Experiment Setup 571
4.2 Overall Performance 571
5 Conclusions 572
References 572
A Decentralized Parallel Kalman Filter in Multi-sensor System for Data Verification 574
1 Introduction 574
2 Problem Formulation 576
3 Unconstrained and Decentralized Constrained Kalman Filter 577
3.1 Unconstrained Kalman Filter 577
3.2 Decentralized Constrained Kalman Filter 577
4 Simulation Results 580
5 Conclusions 582
References 582
DXF File Topological Information Extraction and Storage for Decentralized Distribution Network 584
1 Introduction 584
2 Extraction of AutoCAD Map Metadata Repository 585
3 Topological Information Configuration and Adjacent Node Identification Rules 585
3.1 CPN Topological Information Configuration 585
3.2 Identification Rules of Adjacent Nodes 586
4 Storage Structure of Global Topology 587
5 Extracting and Storing the Topological Information of Typical Distribution Network 588
5.1 The Project Design of Typical Distribution Network 588
5.2 Result Analysis 590
6 Conclusions 591
References 591
Research on Underground Device Operation and Maintenance Management System Based on BIMserver 592
1 Introduction 592
2 Overview of O& M Management Based on BIM
2.1 BIM-Based Visual O& M Management
2.2 O& M Information Management
3 O& M Platform Development Technology
3.1 O& M System Construction Principle
3.2 The Display Technology of 3D Model 595
4 IFC-Based Entity Expression and Analysis 596
4.1 The Analysis of IFC Files 596
4.2 O& M System Data Transfer
5 Conclusions 599
References 599
A Fully Distributed Genetic Algorithm for Global Optimization of HVAC Systems 600
1 Introduction 600
2 System Model and Problem Definition 602
2.1 Cost Function 603
2.2 Constraints Establishment 605
3 Decentralized Optimization Algorithm Based on Log-Linear Model 605
3.1 Algorithm Design 606
4 Application to HVAC Systems 607
4.1 Experimental Setup 607
4.2 Results and Analysis 608
5 Conclusions 610
References 610
Open-Neutral Fault Detection in Underground Space Based on Genetic Support Vector Machine 612
1 Introduction 612
1.1 Harmonic Characteristics 613
1.2 Neutral Voltage Offset Analysis 614
2 Open-Neutral Fault Detection Based on Genetic Support Vector Machine 615
2.1 Kernel Function Selection 616
2.2 SVM Parameters Selection Based on Genetic Algorithm Optimization 617
3 Simulation Studies 618
4 Conclusions 620
References 621
Author Index 622