Systemic Design (eBook)

Peter Jones, OCAD University, Toronto, Ontario, CanadaKyoichi Kijima, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Graduate School of Decision Science & Techonolgy, Meguro, Tokyo, Japan

Dedication 6
Preface: Taking Stock and Flow of Systemic Design 8
Relating Systems Thinking and Design 10
Significance of the Collection 12
Acknowledgements 16
References 16
Contents 18
Part I: Integrative Practices 20
Contexts of Co-creation: Designing with System Stakeholders 21
Introduction 21
Background and Contexts 23
Recreating Co-creation 24
Co-creation as Theory of Value 25
Co-creation as Design Method 26
Co-creation Systems 27
Design Co-creation 28
Co-creation in Design Process 30
Co-creation and Co-design 32
Co-creation in Social Systems 32
Framework Development 33
Application to Dialogic Design Practice 34
A Process for Advancing Science as Reflective Practice 35
DoSM Model and Design 36
Translation to Collective Design Contexts 38
Systemic Design Framework 42
Process of Model Development 42
Co-creation System Model 45
Foundation Domain 49
Foundation: Axioms 49
Foundation: Definitions 50
Theory Domain 51
Theory: Principles 51
Dialogic Design Principles 51
Systemic Design Principles 52
Theory: Context Theory 53
Theory: Ontological Variety in Participation 55
Theory: Theory of Action Intervention 56
Methodology Domain 57
Methodology: Roles and Controls 57
Methodology: Workshop Process Staging 58
Methodology: Modes of Inquiry 59
Methodology: Modes of Design 59
Methodology: Modes of Anticipation 60
Methodology: Representation Methods 60
Application Domain 61
Application: Co-creation Workshop—Dialogic Design Co-laboratory (Arena) 61
Application: Co-creation Conference—Strategic Dialogue (Arena) 61
Application: Civic Inquiry (Agora) 61
Application: Observatorium (Agora) 62
Summary 62
Discussion and Recommendations 62
Evaluating Process Models 64
Conclusion 66
References 67
A Framework for Complex Design: Lessons from Synthetic Biology 71
Introduction 71
Complex Design Problems and Practices 72
Background to Synthetic Biology 74
Method and Participants 75
Procedure 75
Participants 76
Descriptions of Complex Design Practice 77
Characterizations of Complexity 77
Design Objectives 79
Design Approaches 80
Illustration with Designing Out Crime 81
Summary and Conclusions 83
References 84
Inclusive Systemic Design for Health System Flourishment 86
Introduction 86
Framework Synthesis 88
A Transactional Sensemaking Perspective 88
Inclusive Eudaimonic Systemic Design Framing of Flourishment Cycle Specifications 90
A Registry of Personal Records of Eudaimonic Flourishment and Enhanced Resilience (PREFER) 92
PREFER Registry Design Elements 94
Application of the Framework 97
Conclusion 100
References 100
Part II: Theoretical Foundations 103
Systems Design Thinking: Theoretical, Methodological, and Methodical Considerations. A German Narrative 104
Introduction 104
Motivation 105
Overview 105
Systems Design Thinking in Germany 106
The Basic Problems of Complexity and Uncertainty/Control and Prediction 109
The Problem of Control (Irreducible Complexity) 109
The Problem of Prediction (Multiple Evolutionary Futures) 110
Systemic Phases, Levels, and Structures 111
Changing Design Contexts and Conditions 111
Levels of the Design Process 112
Levels of Reality (Observation and Explanation) 113
The Concept of the Inquiring/Design System 114
Facts and Values: Epistemic Democracy and RTD 115
The Relation to Design Methodology 119
Design Process Models, RTD as a Model of Systems Design Research 119
The Relevant Systems in RTD: The Problem of Control 119
Relating RTD to a Generic Scenario Model: The Problem of Prediction 121
Methodologies and Methods for Analysis and Projection 122
Sensitivity Modelling (Vester) 122
Intuitive Scenarios (Schwartz) 123
Model-Based Scenarios (Gausemeier et al.) 124
Synthesis 125
Conclusion 126
Systems Design Thinking As the Model of Transdisciplinary/Transformative Science 126
References 129
Wicked Problems in Design and Ethics 133
Introduction 133
Wicked Problems 135
Conversation and Design 138
Wicked Problems and Ethical Dilemmas 141
No Way to Be Right, No Right to Be Wrong 145
Implicit Ethical Questioning 147
Conclusion 152
References 153
On the Resilience of Sociotechnical Systems 158
Introduction 158
Background 159
The Concept of Resilience 160
A Systems Approach to Resilience 161
Relating Resilience to System Attributes 162
Method and Participants 165
Sample 165
Data Collection and Analysis 166
Developing a Diagrammatic Framework for Resilience 167
System Structure 167
System Function 168
Combined Framework 169
How People Talk About Resilience 170
Resisting Influences (R1) 171
Recovering from Influences (R2) 172
Changing to Accommodate Influences (R3) 173
How to Structure a Discussion About Resilience 175
System Boundary 175
System Purpose 176
Level of System Abstraction 177
Summary and Conclusions 178
References 180
Towards a (Socio-ecological) Science of Settlement: Relational Dynamics as a Basis for Place 185
Introduction 185
Cities: Sustainability 190
Cities as Tension 191
Cities as Targets 197
Cities as Traction 199
Cities as Embodiment 203
Settlements as Dwelling 208
Systems Dynamics as a Basis for Place 216
The Social, the Ecological, the Constructed 217
Integrated Essence 220
Form, Matter, Process, Meaning 224
Emergent Engagement 230
Conclusion 235
References 240
Part III: Method and Practice 253
Visualizing Complex Design: The Evolution of Gigamaps 254
Introduction 254
Design on the Move 256
Systems and Design 258
Interdisciplines 260
A Knowledge Framework 261
Myriadic Quality of Gigamaps 263
Managing Map Complexity 264
Ruptures 266
Stakeholders and Actors 266
The Gigamap as Bridging Device 268
New Developments in Bridging 271
The Sense Sharing Model 273
Sense of Field 275
Sense of Gestalt 276
Sense of Degree of Complexity 276
Sense of Timing and Dynamics 276
Sense of Required Effort 276
Sense of Resistance 277
How to Practise the Sense Sharing Model 277
Conclusion 278
References 278
Local Ruralism: Systemic Design for Economic Development 281
Introduction 281
Methodology 282
Theoretical Background 284
Action Case Accounts 285
EN.FA.SI. Project 286
Analysis 287
Project 287
Actions 287
Conclusion 289
Ahuehuetla Project 289
Analysis 289
Project 290
Action 290
Conclusion 291
Azaro Project 292
Analysis 292
Project 292
Action 293
Conclusion 294
Summary of Findings 294
Framework 296
Conclusion 298
References 300
Permaculture as a Systemic Design Practice 302
Introduction 302
History and Context 303
Permaculture Practitioners as Systemic Designers 306
Contributions of Permaculture Design 307
Ethics 308
Design Principles and Vocabulary 309
Permaculture Design Methods 311
Need Discovery 312
Setting and Sector Discovery 312
Function to Element Mapping 313
Element Discovery 313
Sector, Zone, and Cost Feasibility 313
Work and Waste Analysis 313
Element Input-Output Needs Analysis 314
Arrangement Discovery 314
Arrangement Search 315
A Permaculture Design Process 315
Ecological Design 316
Socioeconomic Practices 317
Systemic Challenges to Permaculture 318
Recent Developments 323
Further Work 324
Conclusion 325
References 325