Engineering Graphics with AutoCAD 2020

James D. Bethune taught drafting and Computer Aided-Design (CAD) for 39 years, twice winning the Outstanding Professor of the year award. He has a doctor’s degree in education from Boston University and has written more than 28 books on drafting and CAD. While retired from full-time teaching, Jim continues to write textbooks on CAD. An avid golfer, Jim lives in East Greenwich, Rhode Island.

Preface     v
Chapter 1  Getting Started     1
1-1  Introduction     2
To Start a New Drawing     2
1-2  Tabs and Panels     5
1-3  The Command Line Box     7
1-4  Command Tools     8
1-5  Starting a New Drawing     9
1-6  Naming a Drawing     9
1-7  Drawing Units     12
1-8  Drawing Limits     15
1-9  Grid and Snap     18
1-10  Sample Problem SP1-1     20
1-11  Save and Save As     23
1-12  Open     25
1-13  Close     27
1-14  Exercise Problems     28
Chapter 2  Fundamentals of 2D Construction     31
2-1  Introduction     31
2-2  Line–Random Points     31
2-3  Erase     34
2-4  Line–Snap Points     35
2-5  Line–Dynamic Inputs     36
2-6  Construction Line     38
2-7  Circle     42
2-8  Circle Centerlines     45
2-9  Polyline     47
2-10  Spline     51
2-11  Ellipse     52
2-12  Rectangle     56
2-13  Polygon     57
2-14  Point     58
2-15  Text     59
2-16  Move     65
2-17  Copy     67
2-18  Offset     68
2-19  Mirror     69
2-20  Array     69
2-21  Rotate     72
2-22  Trim     73
2-23  Extend     74
2-24  Break     75
2-25  Chamfer     76
2-26  Fillet     77
2-27  Table     78
2-28  Exercise Problems     82
Chapter 3  Advanced Commands     93
3-1  Introduction     93
3-2  Osnap     93
3-3  Osnap–Endpoint     95
3-4  Osnap–Snap From     95
3-5  Osnap–Midpoint     97
3-6  Osnap–Intersection     97
3-7  Osnap–Apparent Intersection     98
3-8  Osnap–Center     99
3-9  Osnap–Quadrant     100
3-10  Osnap–Perpendicular     100
3-11  Osnap–Tangent     101
3-12  Osnap–Nearest     102
3-13  Sample Problem SP3-1     102
3-14  Sample Problem SP3-2     103
3-15  Grips     105
3-16  Grips–Extend     106
3-17  Grips–Move     107
3-18  Grips–Rotate     108
3-19  Grips–Scale     108
3-20  Grips–Mirror     109
3-21  Blocks     110
3-22  Working with Blocks     113
3-23  Wblock     117
3-24  Layers     120
3-25  Attributes     129
3-26  Title Blocks with Attributes     134
3-27  Edit Polyline     135
3-28  Edit Spline     136
3-29  Edit Text     138
3-30  Constructing the Bisector of an Angle–Method I     139
3-31  Constructing the Bisector of an Angle–Method II     140
3-32  Constructing an Ogee Curve (S-Curve) with Equal Arcs     141
3-33  Constructing a Parabola     142
3-34  Constructing a Hyperbola     143
3-35  Constructing a Spiral     144
3-36  Constructing a Helix     144
3-37  Designing by Using Shape Parameters     145
3-38  Exercise Problems     148
Chapter 4  Sketching     167
4-1  Introduction     167
4-2  Establishing Your Own Style     167
4-3  Graph Paper     168
4-4  Pencils     168
4-5  Lines     168
4-6  Proportions     170
4-7  Curves     171
4-8  Sample Problem SP4-1     172
4-9  Isometric Sketches     173
4-10  Sample Problem SP4-2     175
4-11  Oblique Sketches     176
4-12  Perspective Sketches     178
4-13  Working in Different Orientations     180
4-14  Exercise Problems     181
Chapter 5  Orthographic Views     195
5-1  Introduction     195
5-2  Three Views of an Object     196
5-3  Visualization     197
5-4  Hidden Lines     199
5-5  Hidden Line Conventions     199
5-6  Drawing Hidden Lines     200
5-7  Precedence of Lines     205
5-8  Slanted Surfaces     205
5-9  Projection Between Views     206
5-10  Sample Problem SP5-1     207
5-11  Compound Lines     209
5-12  Sample Problem SP5-2     209
5-13  Oblique Surfaces     211
5-14  Sample Problem SP5-3     213
5-15  Rounded Surfaces     214
5-16  Sample Problem SP5-4     216
5-17  Holes     217
5-18  Holes in Slanted Surfaces     218
5-19  Cylinders     222
5-20  Sample Problem SP5-5     223
5-21  Cylinders with Slanted and Rounded Surfaces     224
5-22  Sample Problem SP5-6     224
5-23  Drawing Conventions and Cylinders     226
5-24  Irregular Surfaces     227
5-25  Sample Problem SP5-7     228
5-26  Hole Callouts     228
5-27  Castings     231
5-28  Sample Problem SP5-8     233
5-29  Thin-Walled Objects     234
5-30  Sample Problem SP5-9     235
5-31  Intersections     236
5-32  Sample Problem SP5-10     237
5-33  Sample Problem SP5-11     239
5-34  Sample Problem SP5-12     239
5-35  Designing by Modifying an Existing Part     242
5-36  Drawing Standards     243
5-37  Third- and First-Angle Projections     245
5-38  Exercise Problems     247
Chapter 6  Sectional Views     281
6-1  Introduction     281
6-2  Cutting Plane Lines     283
6-3  Section Lines     286
6-4  Hatch     288
6-5  Sample Problem SP6-1     290
6-6  Styles of Section Lines     291
6-7  Sectional View Location     292
6-8  Holes in Sections     293
6-9  Gradients     293
6-10  Offset Sections     294
6-11  Multiple Sections     295
6-12  Aligned Sections     296
6-13  Drawing Conventions in Sections     296
6-14  Half, Partial, and Broken-Out Sectional Views     297
6-15  Removed Sectional Views     298
6-16  Breaks     299
6-17  Sectional Views of Castings     300
6-18  Exercise Problems     302
Chapter 7  Auxiliary Views     325
7-1  Introduction     325
7-2  Projection Between Normal and Auxiliary Views     326
7-3  Sample Problem SP7-1     328
7-4  Transferring Lines Between Views     329
7-5  Sample Problem SP7-2     331
7-6  Projecting Rounded Surfaces     332
7-7  Sample Problem SP7-3     332
7-8  Projecting Irregular Surfaces     334
7-9  Sample Problem SP7-4     334
7-10  Sample Problem SP7-5     335
7-11  Partial Auxiliary Views     336
7-12  Sectional Auxiliary Views     337
7-13  Auxiliary Views of Oblique Surfaces     338
7-14  Secondary Auxiliary Views     338
7-15  Sample Problem SP7-6     341
7-16  Secondary Auxiliary View of an Ellipse     343
7-17  Exercise Problems     344
Chapter 8  Dimensioning     359
8-1  Introduction     359
8-2  Terminology and Conventions     359
8-3  Linear Dimension     362
8-4  Dimension Styles     367
8-5  Units     371
8-6  Aligned Dimensions     373
8-7  Radius and Diameter Dimensions     375
8-8  Angular Dimensions     379
8-9  Ordinate Dimensions     381
8-10  Baseline Dimensions     384
8-11  Continue Dimension     385
8-12  Quick Dimension     386
8-13  Center Mark     387
8-14  Mleader and Qleader     388
8-15  Text Angle     391
8-16  Tolerances     392
8-17  Dimensioning Holes     392
8-18  Placing Dimensions     394
8-19  Fillets and Rounds     395
8-20  Rounded Shapes (Internal)     395
8-21  Rounded Shapes (External)     396
8-22  Irregular Surfaces     397
8-23  Polar Dimensions     398
8-24  Chamfers     398
8-25  Knurling     399
8-26  Keys and Keyseats     400
8-27  Symbols and Abbreviations     400
8-28  Symmetry and Centerline     401
8-29  Dimensioning to Points     401
8-30  Coordinate Dimensions     402
8-31  Sectional Views     403
8-32  Orthographic Views     404
8-33  Very Large Radii     405
8-34  Exercise Problems     406
Chapter 9  Tolerancing     427
9-1  Introduction     427
9-2  Direct Tolerance Methods     427
9-3  Tolerance Expressions     428
9-4  Understanding Plus and Minus Tolerances     429
9-5  Creating Plus and Minus Tolerances with AutoCAD     429
9-6  Limit Tolerances     432
9-7  Creating Limit Tolerances by Using AutoCAD     433
9-8  Angular Tolerances     435
9-9  Standard Tolerances     436
9-10  Double Dimensioning     437
9-11  Chain Dimensions and Baseline Dimensions     438
9-12  Tolerance Studies     440
9-13  Rectangular Dimensions     441
9-14  Hole Locations     441
9-15  Choosing a Shaft for a Toleranced Hole     442
9-16  Sample Problem SP9-1     443
9-17  Sample Problem SP9-2     444
9-18  Standard Fits (Metric Values)     444
9-19  Nominal Sizes     447
9-20  Hole and Shaft Basis     447
9-21  Sample Problem SP9-3     447
9-22  Standard Fits (Inch Values)     448
9-23  Sample Problem SP9-4     449
9-24  Preferred and Standard Sizes     449
9-25  Surface Finishes     450
9-26  Surface Control Symbols     452
9-27  Design Problems     453
9-28  Exercise Problems     459
Chapter 10  Geometric Tolerances     473
10-1  Introduction     473
10-2  Tolerances of Form     474
10-3  Flatness     474
10-4  Straightness     475
10-5  Straightness (RFS and MMC)     475
10-6  Circularity     478
10-7  Cylindricity     479
10-8  Geometric Tolerances Created by Using AutoCAD     479
10-9  Tolerances of Orientation     487
10-10  Datums     487
10-11  Perpendicularity     488
10-12  Parallelism     490
10-13  Angularism     491
10-14  Profiles     491
10-15  Runouts     493
10-16  Positional Tolerances     494
10-17  Virtual Condition     496
10-18  Floating Fasteners     496
10-19  Sample Problem SP10-1     497
10-20  Sample Problem SP10-2     498
10-21  Fixed Fasteners     499
10-22  Sample Problem SP10-3     499
10-23  Design Problems     500
10-24  Exercise Problems     503
Chapter 11  Threads and Fasteners     525
11-1  Introduction     525
11-2  Thread Terminology     525
11-3  Thread Callouts (Metric Units)     526
11-4  Thread Callouts (English Units)     526
11-5  Thread Representations     528
11-6  Orthographic Views of Internal Threads     533
11-7  Sectional Views of Internal Thread Representations     535
11-8  Types of Threads     535
11-9  How to Draw an External Square Thread     536
11-10  How to Draw an Internal Square Thread     537
11-11  How to Draw an External Acme Thread     537
11-12  Bolts and Nuts     539
11-13  Screws     539
11-14  Studs     541
11-15  Head Shapes     541
11-16  Nuts     545
11-17  Sample Problem SP11-1     548
11-18  Sample Problem SP11-2     549
11-19  Standard Screws     550
11-20  Setscrews     551
11-21  Washers     552
11-22  Keys     553
11-23  Rivets     554
11-24  Springs     555
11-25  Tool Palettes     558
11-26  Exercise Problems     561
Chapter 12  Working Drawings     571
12-1  Introduction     571
12-2  Assembly Drawings     571
12-3  Drawing Formats (Templates)     574
12-4  Title Block     576
12-5  Revision Block     578
12-6  Tolerance Block     580
12-7  Release Block     580
12-8  Parts List (Bill of Materials–BOM)     581
12-9  Detail Drawings     582
12-10  First-Angle Projection     583
12-11  Drawing Notes     584
12-12  Design Layouts     584
12-13  Sample Problem SP12-1     585
12-14  Sample Problem SP12-2     589
12-15  Sample Problem SP12-3     592
12-16  Exercise Problems     594
Chapter 13  Gears, Bearings, and Cams     617
13-1  Introduction     617
13-2  Types of Gears     617
13-3  Gear Terminology–Spur     618
13-4  Spur Gear Drawings     619
13-5  Sample Problem SP13-1     621
13-6  Sample Problem SP13-2     622
13-7  Sample Problem SP13-3     624
13-8  Selecting Spur Gears     625
13-9  Center Distance Between Gears     626
13-10  Sample Problem SP13-4     627
13-11  Combining Spur Gears     629
13-12  Gear Terminology–Bevel     629
13-13  How to Draw Bevel Gears     631
13-14  Worm Gears     633
13-15  Helical Gears     634
13-16  Racks     636
13-17  Ball Bearings     637
13-18  Sample Problem SP13-5     638
13-19  Bushings     639
13-20  Sample Problem SP13-6     640
13-21  Cam Displacement Diagrams     641
13-22  Cam Motions     643
13-23  Cam Followers     647
13-24  Sample Problem SP13-7     648
13-25  Exercise Problems     651
Chapter 14  Fundamentals of 3D Drawing     663
14-1  Introduction     663
14-2  The World Coordinate System     663
14-3  Viewpoints     665
14-4  Perspective and Parallel Grids     668
14-5  3D Modeling     670
14-6  User Coordinate System (UCS)     672
14-7  Editing a Solid Model     678
14-8  Visual Styles     679
14-9  Rotating a UCS Axis     681
14-10  Sample Problem SP14-1     683
14-11  Visual Errors     685
14-12  Sample Problem SP14-2     685
14-13  Orthographic Views     688
14-14  Line Thickness     692
14-15  Using the Thickness Command to Create Objects     695
14-16  Exercise Problems     698
Chapter 15  Modeling     703
15-1  Introduction     703
15-2  Box     703
15-3  Sphere     708
15-4  Cylinder     708
15-5  Cone     710
15-6  Wedge     712
15-7  Torus     714
15-8  Extrude     715
15-9  Revolve     717
15-10  Helix     718
15-11  Polysolid     719
15-12  Loft     720
15-13  Intersect     721
15-14  Union and Subtract     722
15-15  Solid Modeling and UCSs     725
15-16  Combining Solid Objects     727
15-17  Intersecting Solids     732
15-18  Solid Models of Castings     737
15-19  Thread Representations in Solid Models     741
15-20  List     743
15-21  Massprop     743
15-22  Face and Edge Editing     744
15-23  Exercise Problems     752
Index     781
Chapter 16  Projects (Online Only)
Appendix (Online Only)