Proceedings of the International Conference on Microelectronics, Computing & Communication Systems (eBook)

Dr. Vijay Nath received his bachelor's degree in Physics and master's degree in Electronics from DDU Gorakhpur University, India in 1998 and 2001. He received a PGDCN from MMM Engineering College Gorakhpur (Gold Medalist) in 1999. He received his Ph.D. in VLSI Design & Technology from Dr. RML Avadh University, Faizabad in association with CEERI- Pilani in 2008. He was a member of the faculty of the Department of Electronics, DDU Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur (2002-2006). In 2006, he joined as a faculty member in the Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology Mesra, Ranchi, India. Currently he is Professor In-charge of VLSI Design Lab & Embedded System Design Lab, Dept. of ECE, BIT Mesra, Ranchi.  His research interests include analog, digital, mixed CMOS VLSI circuits, low power VLSI circuits, ADC, DAC, PTAT, CMOS bandgap voltage reference, piezoresistive pressure sensors, double ring capacitive pressure sensors, MEMS sensors, signal-processing circuits, ASICs, embedded systems designs, smart cardiac pacemaker, and early stage cancer detection.  He has to his credit around 100 publications in international journals and conferences. He is a member of several reputed professional and academic bodies including IETE, ISVE, and IEEE.

Preface 6
Acknowledgements 10
Contents 11
About the Editor 14
1 Single Mode Negative Dispersion Hexagonal Photonic Crystal Fiber 15
Abstract 15
1 Introduction 15
2 Designed Structure 16
3 Numerical Results and Discussion 17
4 Conclusion 21
References 22
2 A Secure Three-Factor Remote User Authentication Scheme Using Elliptic Curve Cryptosystem 23
Abstract 23
1 Introduction 23
2 ECC-Based Three-Factor Authentication Scheme 25
2.1 Registration Phase 25
2.2 Login Phase 25
2.3 Authentication and Key Agreement Phase 26
2.4 Password Change Phase 27
3 Security Analysis Based on BAN Logic 27
4 Informal Security Analysis 30
4.1 User Un-Traceability Attack 31
4.2 Privileged Insider Attack 32
4.3 User-Server Impersonation Attack 32
4.4 Password and Identity Guessing Attack 32
4.5 Replay Attack 32
4.6 Stolen Smart Card Attack 33
4.7 Efficient Login and Password Change Phase 33
4.8 Session Key Recovery Attack 34
4.9 Perfect Forward Secrecy Attack 34
4.10 Session Key Verification and Agreement 34
5 Performance Analysis 35
6 Conclusion 35
References 37
3 Implementation of Fingerprint-Based Biometric System and Its Integration with HRMS Application at RDCIS, SAIL 39
Abstract 39
1 Introduction 40
2 Need for Biometric System 41
3 Approach Adopted 41
4 Biometric System Features 42
5 System Process Flow 43
6 Enrolment and Verification 43
7 Fingerprint Enrolment Kit with Terminal Management Software 44
8 HRMS Integration 44
9 Challenges in Implementation 44
10 Impact in Organization 46
11 Conclusion 47
4 Fabrication and Investigation of Low-Voltage Programmable Flash Memory Gate Stack 48
Abstract 48
1 Introduction 48
2 Parameters of Analyses 50
3 Experimental Work 53
4 Results and Analyses 54
5 Conclusion 60
Acknowledgements 60
References 61
5 An Effective Method for Maintenance Scheduling of Vehicles Using Neural Network 63
Abstract 63
1 Introduction 63
2 Overview on Neural Network Model 65
3 Problem Formulation for Maintenance Scheduling of Vehicles 66
4 Neural Network-Based Solution for Maintenance Scheduling of Vehicle 71
5 Case Study and Results 72
6 Conclusion 78
References 78
6 Improved Clustering for Categorical Data with Genetic Algorithm 79
Abstract 79
1 Introduction 79
2 Background 81
3 Proposed GA-Based Clustering 83
4 Experiments 86
5 Conclusion 87
Acknowledgements 87
References 87
7 Universally Verifiable Certificateless Signcryption Scheme for MANET 89
Abstract 89
1 Introduction 89
2 Preliminaries 91
3 Proposed Work 91
4 Correctness Analysis 95
5 Simulation Using AVISPA Tool 95
6 Conclusion 100
References 100
8 Impact of Sidewall Spacer Layers on the Analog/RF Performance of Nanoscale Double-Gate Junctionless Transistors 102
Abstract 102
1 Introduction 102
2 Device Structure and Simulation Setup 103
3 Results and Discussion 104
3.1 Impact of Dielectric Constant of Spacer, k 104
3.2 Impact of Underlap Length, Lsp 108
4 Conclusion 111
Acknowledgements 111
References 111
9 A Novel Data Encryption Approach in the Grid-Structured Binary Image 113
Abstract 113
1 Introduction 114
2 Materials and Method 115
2.1 Empirical Analysis of Proposed Method 117
3 Results and Discussion 120
3.1 Case Study I: Arrangement Pattern 1 120
3.2 Case Study II: Arrangement Pattern 2 121
4 Conclusion 124
References 125
10 Balanced Wrapper Design to Test the Embedded Core Partitioned into Multiple Layer for 3D SOC Targeting Power and Number of TSVs 126
Abstract 126
1 Introduction 126
2 Work Done Previously on Wrapper Design 128
3 Proposed Methodology 128
4 Power and Delay Estimation 132
5 Experimental Results 133
6 Conclusion 134
References 134
11 Analysis of Electromagnetic Wave Using Explicit FDTD in TM Mode with Extrapolation 135
Abstract 135
1 Introduction 135
2 Formulation 136
3 Implementation of Explicit FDTD Method 140
3.1 Explicit With Interpolation 140
3.2 Explicit With Extrapolation 142
4 Conclusion 144
Acknowledgements 144
References 145
12 A DEA-Based Evolutionary Computation Model for Stock Market Forecasting 146
Abstract 146
1 Introduction 146
2 Review of Related Works 148
3 Objectives 149
4 Preparation of Data 149
5 Methodologies 150
6 Models 151
7 The Proposed Model 152
8 Output Analyses 153
9 Findings and Concluding Remarks 154
References 154
13 Investigations on the Logic Circuit Behaviour of Hybrid CMOSFETs Comprising InGaAs nMOS and Ge pMOS Devices with Barrier Layers 156
Abstract 156
1 Introduction 156
2 Device Structure and Simulation Framework 157
3 Model Calibration 159
4 Results and Discussion 159
5 Conclusion 165
References 165
14 Electrical Equivalent Model for Gene Regulatory System 168
Abstract 168
1 Introduction 168
2 Mathematical Modeling of Transcription, Translation, and Dimerization of Protein 170
2.1 Transcription from DNA to mRNA 171
2.2 Translation from mRNA to Protein 171
2.3 Protein Dimerization 172
3 Result and Discussion 175
4 Conclusion 175
Acknowledgements 176
References 176
15 Antenna Path Loss Propagation in the Dehradun Region at 1800 MHz in L-Band 177
Abstract 177
1 Introduction 177
2 Sectorization 178
3 Experimental Work 179
4 Propagation Model 180
5 Hata–Okumura Propagation Model 180
6 Walfisch–Ikegami Model 180
7 Results and Discussion 180
8 Conclusion 184
References 184
16 Study of Strained-Si/SiGe Channel p-MOSFETs Using TCAD 186
Abstract 186
1 Introduction 186
2 Strained-Si Channel p-MOSFET 187
3 Strained-Si/SiGe p-MOSFET Simulation 189
4 Conclusion 192
References 192
17 Color Image Segmentation Techniques: A Survey 194
Abstract 194
1 Introduction 194
2 Segmentation 195
3 Techniques of Segmentation 195
3.1 Region-Based Segmentation 196
3.2 Thresholding 198
3.3 Clustering Techniques 199
3.4 Edge Detection-Based Methods 199
3.5 Morphological Segmentation 201
3.6 Matching 201
4 Conclusion 202
References 202
18 Wireless Image Sensor Networks: A Review 203
Abstract 203
1 Introduction 203
2 Working Principle of ZigBee 204
2.1 Physical Layer 205
2.2 Network Layer 205
2.3 Application Layer 206
3 Alternatives of Communication 206
3.1 Application of Wireless Image Sensor (WIS) 206
3.2 Potentials of FPGA 207
3.3 VHDL and MATLAB 207
3.4 Related Sensor Networks 207
4 Development of Wireless Image Sensor 208
4.1 Comparative Study 209
5 Conclusion 209
References 209
19 Design of a Low-Cost Heart Rate Monitoring System 211
Abstract 211
1 Introduction 211
2 Signal Conditioning Circuit and the Signal Processing Circuit 212
2.1 Signal Conditioning Circuit Stage I 212
2.2 Signal Conditioning Circuit Stage II 213
2.3 Signal Conditioning Circuit Stage III 213
3 Signal Processing Circuit of the Heart Rate Monitoring System 214
3.1 Signal Processing Circuit Stage 1 214
3.2 Signal Processing Circuit Stage II 216
4 Case Studies and Observation 216
4.1 Observation I 217
4.2 Observation II 218
4.3 Observation III 218
4.4 Observation IV 220
5 A Brief Insight into Code Composer Studio and the Msp430FG4618 221
6 The Working Overview of the Code Loaded into the Msp430FG4618 221
7 Conclusion 223
References 223
20 Design of DA-Based FIR Filter Architectures Using LUT Reduction Techniques 224
Abstract 224
1 Introduction 224
2 DA-Based FIR Filter Structure 225
3 Modified DA-Based FIR Filter Architectures 228
3.1 Modified DA-Based Filter with LUT Size of 2N ? 1 Words 229
3.2 Modified DA-Based Filter with Partitioned LUTs 230
3.3 Modified DA-Based Filter with No LUTs 230
4 Synthesis and Comparison Results of DA-Filter Structures 232
5 Conclusion 233
References 233
21 VLSI Implementation of Smith–Waterman Algorithm for Biological Sequence Scanning 234
Abstract 234
1 Introduction 234
2 Smith–Waterman Algorithm 235
3 Evolution of Smith–Waterman Algorithm Implementations 235
4 Proposed VLSI Implementation of Algorithm 236
5 Results and Discussion 239
5.1 Need for Hardware Implementation 239
6 Conclusion 247
References 247
22 A Clusterhead Selection Technique for a Heterogeneous WSN and Its Lifetime Enhancement Using HeteroLeach Protocol 249
Abstract 249
1 Introduction 249
2 Related Work 251
3 Proposed Protocol 252
3.1 Flowchart of Proposed Protocol 253
3.2 Algorithm of Proposed Protocol 254
4 Simulation Results and Discussion 255
5 Conclusion 258
References 258
23 Investigation of Microgripper Using Thermal Actuator 260
Abstract 260
1 Introduction 260
2 Design of Micro-gripper 262
2.1 Design Configurations 262
2.2 Optimized Design 263
3 Working Principle and Methodology 264
4 FEM Simulation and Analysis 265
5 Result 267
6 Conclusion 269
7 Future Scope 269
Acknowledgements 269
References 269
24 An Ultra-Low-Power Internet-Controlled Home Automation System 271
Abstract 271
1 Introduction 272
2 Related Work 273
3 Proposed Architecture 274
4 Automation Demonstration and Results 275
5 Conclusion 279
Acknowledgements 279
References 279
25 Depth-Averaged Velocity Distribution for Symmetric and Asymmetric Compound Channels 281
Abstract 281
1 Introduction 282
2 Theory of Application 282
3 Experimental Apparatus and Procedure 284
3.1 Depth-Averaged Velocity 285
3.2 Application of CES Software 286
4 Results and Discussions 290
5 Conclusions 291
References 292
26 Application of Lateral Distribution Method and Modified Lateral Distribution Method to the Compound Channel Having Converging Floodplains 293
Abstract 293
1 Introduction 294
2 Data Collection 295
3 LDM for Compound Channel 296
3.1 Modified Lateral Distribution Method 297
3.2 Energy Slope Calculation 298
3.3 Solution for the Model 299
4 Results and Discussion 301
5 Conclusions 302
References 302
27 A 0.533 dB Noise Figure and 7 mW Narrowband Low Noise Amplifier for GPS Application 304
Abstract 304
1 Introduction 305
2 Cascode LNA Circuit 305
2.1 Circuit and Component Description 305
2.2 Matching Network 306
2.3 Small Signal Model 306
2.4 Output Matching 307
2.5 Stability Analysis 308
3 Simulation Result and Verification 308
4 Conclusion 313
Acknowledgements 313
References 314
28 Design of Ultra-Low-Power CMOS Class E Power Amplifier 315
Abstract 315
1 Introduction 315
2 Methodology 317
3 Power Control Techniques 320
4 Proposed CMOS Class E Amp Design 321
5 Result and Discussion 322
6 Conclusion 324
Acknowledgements 324
References 324
29 Effect of Temperature on Dark Current in QWIP for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles 325
Abstract 325
1 Introduction 325
2 Device Structure 327
3 Temperature Simulation Methodology 329
4 Sensor Current Analysis 331
5 Temperature Characterization of QWIP 332
6 Conclusion 334
References 335
30 Design of Circular Disc Monopole Antenna for UWB Application 336
Abstract 336
1 Introduction 336
2 Antenna Design and Performance 337
3 Antenna Characteristics 338
3.1 The Variation of Feed Gap h 338
3.2 The Variation of Width W of the Ground Plane 339
3.3 The Variation of Radius r of Circular Disc 340
3.4 The Variation of g 340
4 Modified Ground Plane Design (Proposed) and Performance 342
4.1 Current Distribution 345
4.2 Radiation Pattern and Gain 346
5 Conclusion 348
References 349
31 Cryptosystem for AVK-Based Symmetric Algorithms and Analysis Using Cryptic Pattern Mining 350
Abstract 350
1 Introduction 350
2 Effect and Consequences of Increasing Key Length 351
2.1 Web-Based Cryptic Algorithm Analysis Tool SGcrypter 351
2.2 Limitation and Scope for SGcrypter 352
3 Summary of Analysis of Cryptic Algorithms Using SGCrypter 352
3.1 The Automatic Variable Key Approach (AVK-Based Cryptosystem) 354
3.2 Elucidation of Working of AVK-Based Cryptosystem 354
4 Summary of AVK Model of Symmetric Cryptosystem 355
4.1 Parameters Only Scheme for AVK Approach 355
4.2 Summary of Parameterized AVK Model 357
4.3 Analysis of AVK-Based Cryptosystem from Hacker’s Perspective 357
5 Future Work and Extension 359
6 Conclusion 359
References 360
32 Silicon–Germanium Channel Heterostructure p-MOSFETs 362
Abstract 362
1 Introduction 362
2 Heterostructure MOSFETs 364
3 Strained SiGe Channel p-MOSFET Simulation 366
3.1 Gate Material Selection 366
3.2 Effect of Gate Oxide Thickness 368
3.3 Effect of Ge Concentration 368
3.4 Effects of SiGe Well and Cap Layer Thickness 369
4 Conclusions 371
References 371
33 An Ultra Low Power CMOS RF Front-End-Based LNA and Mixer for GPS Application 372
Abstract 372
1 Introduction 372
2 Architecture 373
3 Circuit Analysis 374
3.1 Single-Differential LNA 374
4 Down-Conversion Double-Balanced Mixer 376
5 Simulation Result and Discussion 378
6 Conclusion 381
References 381
Author Index 383