Mechanics of Composite and Multi-functional Materials, Volume 7 (eBook)

Carter Ralph-Southern Research, AL, USA; Meredith Silberstein – Cornell University, NY, USA; Piyush R. Thakre-The Dow Chemical Company, MI, USA; Raman P. Singh-Oklahoma State University, OK, USA

Preface 5
Contents 6
Chapter 1: Mechanical and Tribological Properties of Scrap Rubber Based Composites Reinforced with Glass Fiber, Al and TiO2 9
1.1 Introduction 9
1.2 Experimental Conditions 10
1.3 Results and Discussion 10
1.4 Conclusions 14
References 14
Chapter 2: Investigating Hemp Concrete Mechanical Properties Variability Due to Hemp Particles 16
2.1 Introduction 16
2.2 Materials and Method 17
2.2.1 Hemp Shiv Characterization 17
2.2.2 Preparation of Compression Specimen 17
2.2.2.1 Mix Proportioning 17
2.2.2.2 Mixing of Hemp Concrete 18
2.2.2.3 Numbering of Fabricated Specimens 18
2.3 Results and Discussion 19
2.3.1 Mechanical Response 19
2.3.2 Hemp Particles Impact on the Mechanical Performance 21
2.3.2.1 Compression Strength 21
2.3.2.2 Elastic Modulus 21
2.3.3 Variability of Result with Respect to Used Hemp Particles 23
2.3.3.1 Compression Strength 23
2.3.3.2 Modulus 24
2.4 Conclusion 24
References 24
Chapter 3: Recycling of Scrap Aluminium (AA7075) Chips for Low Cost Composites 25
3.1 Introduction 25
3.2 Experimental Procedures 26
3.3 Results and Discussion 27
3.4 Conclusions 31
References 31
Chapter 4: Scrap Rubber Based Composites Reinforced with Ceramic Oxides and Silica 32
4.1 Introduction 32
4.2 Experimental Conditions 33
4.3 Results and Discussion 33
4.4 Conclusions 39
References 39
Chapter 5: Mechanical and Tribological Properties of Scrap Rubber Reinforced with Al2O3 Fiber, Aluminium and TiO2 41
5.1 Introduction 41
5.2 Experimental Conditions 42
5.3 Results and Discussion 42
5.4 Conclusions 46
References 47
Chapter 6: Thermo-mechanical Investigation of Fused Deposition Modeling by Computational and Experimental Methods 48
6.1 Introduction 48
6.2 Methodology 49
6.2.1 Mathematical Formulation 50
6.2.2 Numerical Formulation 52
6.2.2.1 1D Discretization 52
6.2.2.2 3-D Discretization 52
6.3 Results and Discussions 53
6.3.1 Determination of Total Heat Transfer Coefficient 53
6.3.2 3D Modeling 54
6.4 Conclusions and Future Work 56
References 57
7: Non-linear Contact Analysis of Self-Supporting Lattice 58
7.1 Introduction 58
7.2 Contact Finite Element Study 59
7.2.1 Lattice models 59
7.2.2 Problem Formulation and Mesh Generation 59
7.3 Results and Discussion 60
7.4 Summary and Conclusions 62
References 64
Chapter 8: Process Parameter Effects on Interlaminar Fracture Toughness of FDM Printed Coupons 66
8.1 Introduction 66
8.2 Experimental Methods 67
8.3 Results and Discussion 68
8.3.1 Microstructure Characterization 68
8.3.2 Fracture Toughness Characterization of Printed Roads 71
8.4 Conclusions 74
References 74
Chapter 9: Constitutive Equations for Severe Plastic Deformation Processes 75
9.1 Introduction 75
9.2 Conceptual Approach 76
9.3 Experiment 77
9.4 Conclusions 78
References 81
Chapter 10: Merging Experimental Evidence and Molecular Dynamics Theory to Develop Efficient Models of Solids Fracture 82
10.1 Introduction 82
10.2 Interaction Between Atoms 83
10.3 Models of Chemical Bonds 83
10.4 Further Analysis of the Molecular Dynamics 84
10.5 Atomic Modeling of the Continuum 85
10.6 Experimental Verification of the Cauchy-Born Rule 86
10.7 HRTEM Image Analysis 88
10.8 FT of the Image and Implications for the Cauchy-Born Rule 90
10.9 Mathematical Expressions of the Cauchy-Born Rule in Eulerian Coordinates 92
10.10 Analysis of Elementary Cells 93
10.11 Extension of Continuum Kinematics to the Full Field 94
10.12 Analysis of the Dislocation Region 96
10.13 Discussion and Conclusions 97
References 100
Chapter 11: Comparison of Patch and Fully Encircled Bonded Composite Repair 102
11.1 Introduction 102
11.2 Experimental 103
11.2.1 Sample Specifications 103
11.2.2 Experimental Procedure 103
11.3 Finite Element Analysis Configuration 104
11.4 Results and Discussion 105
11.4.1 Finite Element Analysis 105
11.5 Experimental 106
11.6 Conclusions 107
References 107
Chapter 12: Comparison of Composite Repair Performance on Drilled and Simulated Defects 108
12.1 Introduction 108
12.2 Experimental 109
12.2.1 Simulated Flaw Generation 109
12.2.2 Eroded Flaw Characterization 109
12.2.3 Repair Installation 110
12.2.4 Hydrostatic Pressure Testing 110
12.3 Finite Element Analysis 111
12.4 Results 112
12.4.1 Eroded Flaw Characterization 112
12.4.2 Finite Element Analysis 112
12.4.3 Hydrostatic Pressure Testing 113
12.4.4 Digital Image Correlations 113
12.5 Conclusions 114
References 114
Chapter 13: Measuring How Overlap Affects the Strength of Composite Tubes in Bending-Torsion 115
13.1 Introduction 115
13.2 Experimental Set-Up 116
13.3 Results 117
13.4 Conclusion 121
References 121
Chapter 14: Thermal Cycling and Environmental Effect on Tensile Impact Behavior of Adhesive Single Lap Joints for Fiber Metal ... 122
14.1 Introduction 122
14.2 Experimental Procedure 123
14.2.1 Material, Adhesives and Adherends 123
14.2.2 Environmental Conditions and Thermal Cycling 125
14.2.2.1 Sea Water 125
14.2.2.2 Thermal Cycling 125
14.2.3 Test Apparatus and Fixture 126
14.3 Results and Discussion 127
14.4 Conclusion 128
References 128
Chapter 15: Design of Hybrid Composites from Scrap Aluminum Bronze Chips 129
15.1 Introduction 129
15.2 Experimental Conditions 130
15.3 Results and Discussion 130
15.4 Conclusions 133
References 136
Chapter 16: Impact Response of Waste Poly Ethylene Terephthalate (PET) Composite Plate 137
16.1 Introduction 137
16.2 Materials and Methods 138
16.2.1 Test Specimen 138
16.2.2 Experimental Procedure 138
16.3 Results and Discussion 139
16.3.1 Materials Characterization 139
16.3.2 Mechanical Properties and Damage Analysis 139
16.4 Conclusion 141
References 141
Chapter 17: Particles Reinforced Scrap Aluminum Based Composites by Combined Processing Sintering+Thixoforging 143
17.1 Introduction 143
17.2 Experimental Procedures 144
17.3 Results and Discussion 145
17.4 Conclusions 148
References 149
Chapter 18: Recycle of Aluminium (A356) for Processing of New Composites Reinforced with Magnetic Nano Iron Oxide and Molybden... 151
18.1 Introduction 151
18.2 Experimental Procedures 152
18.3 Results and Discussion 153
18.4 Conclusion 158
References 159
Chapter 19: A New Multiscale Bioinspired Compliant Sensor 160
19.1 Introduction 160
19.2 Experimental Procedure 161
19.2.1 Nanosized EG Sensing Material 161
19.2.2 Carbon Microfiber 161
19.2.3 Electrical Connection to the Strain Sensor 161
19.2.4 Mechanical Testing of the Sensors 162
19.3 Experimental Results 162
19.3.1 Qualitative Characterization 162
19.3.2 Mechanical Characterization of Sensing Response 163
19.4 Application to a Robot Hand 164
19.5 Conclusions 165
References 166
Chapter 20: Effect of Microstructure on Mechanical Response of MAX Phases 167
20.1 Introduction 167
20.2 Material Fabrication 168
20.3 Experimental Setup 168
20.4 Results 169
20.5 Conclusions 170
References 170
Chapter 21: Controlled Placement of Microcapsules in Polymeric Materials 172
21.1 Introduction 172
21.2 Experimental 173
21.2.1 Nanoparticle Synthesis 173
21.2.2 Microcapsule Synthesis 173
21.2.3 Specimen Manufacturing 173
21.2.4 Fracture Testing 173
21.3 Results and Discussion 174
21.3.1 Microscopy 174
21.3.2 Quasi-static Fracture Testing and Self-Healing Performance 176
21.4 Conclusions 178
References 178
Chapter 22: Converse Magneto-Electric Coefficient of Composite Multiferroic Rings 180
22.1 Introduction 180
22.2 Experiment Setup 181
22.2.1 Specimen Preparation 181
22.2.2 Measurement Process 181
22.3 Results and Discussion 182
22.4 Conclusion 184
References 185
Chapter 23: In-Situ Sensing of Deformation and Damage in Nanocomposite Bonded Surrogate Energetic Materials 187
23.1 Introduction 187
23.2 Experimental 188
23.2.1 Preparation of MWNT-Ammonium Perchlorate-Epoxy Hybrid Composites 188
23.2.2 Morphological Characterization 189
23.2.3 Electrical and Piezoresistive Characterization 190
23.3 Results and Discussion 190
23.3.1 Fracture Surface Topography 190
23.3.2 Electrical Properties 191
23.3.3 Mechanical Properties of MWNT-Ammonium Perchlorate-Epoxy Hybrid Composites 192
23.3.4 Piezoresistive Testing of MWNT-Ammonium Perchlorate-Epoxy Hybrid Composites 193
23.4 Conclusion 194
References 195
Chapter 24: Quasi-Static Characterization of Self-Healing Dental Composites 196
24.1 Introduction 196
24.2 Materials and Methods 197
24.2.1 Synthesis of Dental Composites 197
24.2.2 Synthesis of Self-Healing Microcapsules 197
24.2.3 Fabrication of Self-Healing Dental Composite Specimens 197
24.2.4 Quasi-static Fracture Testing 199
24.3 Results and Discussion 200
24.4 Conclusions 201
References 201
Chapter 25: Load Monitoring Using Surface Response to Excitation Method 202
25.1 Introduction 202
25.2 Method 203
25.3 Experiment 203
25.4 Load Monitoring 203
25.5 Conclusions 204
References 206
Chapter 26: Elevated Temperature Digital Image Correlation Using High Magnification Optical Microscopy 208
26.1 Introduction 208
26.2 Apparatus 210
26.3 Specimen Preparation 211
26.4 Results 212
26.5 Conclusions 215
References 215
Chapter 27: Design of Hybrid Composites from Scrap Aluminum Reinforced with (SiC+TiO2+Gr+Ti+B) 217
27.1 Introduction 217
27.2 Experimental Procedures 218
27.3 Results and Discussion 218
27.4 Conclusion 221
References 223
Chapter 28: Manufacturing of Low Cost Composites with Porous Structures from Scrap Aluminium (AA2014) Chips 224
28.1 Introduction 224
28.2 Experimental Procedures 225
28.3 Results and Discussion 226
28.4 Conclusion 229
References 231
Chapter 29: Development of Functionally Graded Nodular Cast Iron Reinforced with Recycled WC Particles 232
29.1 Introduction 232
29.2 Experimental Procedures 233
29.3 Results and Discussions 234
29.4 Conclusions 240
References 240
Chapter 30: Aluminium Matrix Composites Reinforced by Nano Fe3O4 Doped with TiO2 by Thermomechanical Process 241
30.1 Introduction 241
30.2 Experimental Conditions 242
30.3 Results and Discussion 243
30.3.1 Microstructural Evaluation 243
30.3.2 Evolution of Density and Microhardness Values (HV0.25) 243
30.3.3 Wear Resistance by Nanoindentation 243
30.3.4 Creep Compliance by Nanoindentation 245
30.3.5 Evaluation of Hardness and Modulus Values by Nanoindentation 248
30.4 Conclusions 248
References 248
Chapter 31: Implementation of the Surface Response to Excitation Method for Pipes 250
31.1 Introduction 250
31.2 Method 251
31.3 Experimental Setup 251
31.4 Results and Discussion 252
31.5 Conclusion 254
References 254
Chapter 32: Thermal Methods for Evaluating Flaws in Composite Materials: A New Approach to Data Analysis 256
32.1 Introduction 256
32.2 Stimulated Thermography 257
32.3 Material and Methods 257
32.3.1 Methods and Algorithms Proposed 259
32.4 Results 259
32.4.1 Qualitative Comparison of Sinusoidal and Square Wave Excitation 259
32.4.2 Quantitative Comparison of Sinusoidal and Square Wave Excitation 259
32.4.3 Analysis of the Influence of the Dimensions and Depth of the Defect on the Phase Signal Variation 262
32.5 Conclusions 262
References 263
Chapter 33: Characterising the Infrared Signature of Damaged Composites for Test Control 265
33.1 Introduction 265
33.2 Methodology 266
33.3 Results 266
33.4 Discussion and Future Work 269
References 269
Chapter 34: Thermoelastic Stress Analysis and Digital Image Correlation to Assess Composites 270
34.1 Introduction 270
34.2 Experimental Investigation 270
34.3 Summary and Conclusions 273
References 273
Chapter 35: A Study on Mechanical Properties of Raw Sisal Polyester Composites 274
35.1 Introduction 274
35.2 Materials and Methods 276
35.3 Results and Discussions 277
35.4 Conclusion 279
References 279
Chapter 36: HPHT In-Situ Strain Measurement of Polymer Composites for Oilfield Applications 281
36.1 Introduction 281
36.2 Experimental 283
36.3 Results and Discussion 284
36.4 Conclusions 286
References 286
Chapter 37: Evaluation of Viscoelastic Characteristics of Polymer by Using Indentation Method 288
37.1 Introduction 288
37.2 Indentation Test 289
37.3 Results and Evaluation of Creep Compliance 290
37.4 Conclusions 292
References 292