The Measurement of Biological Shape and Shape Change

One. Introduction: On the Absence of Geometry from Morphometrics.- First Part. The Measurement of Biological Shape.- Two. Shapes and Measures of Shape.- Three. Critique of an Applied Field: Conventional Cephalometrics.- Four. New Statistical Methods for Shape.- Second Part. The Measurement of Shape Change Using Biorthogonal Grids.- Five. The Study of Shape Transformation after D'Arcy Thompson.- Six. The Method of Biorthogonal Grids.- Seven. Examples of Biorthogonal Analysis.- Eight. Future Directions for Transformation Analysis.- Nine. Envoi.- Literature Cited.