Artificial Intelligence and the Future of Testing

Roy Freedle

Contents: R. Freedle, Introduction: Artificial Intelligence and Its Implications for the Future of ETS's Tests. Part I:Assessment of Quantitative Skills.T. Ager, From Interactive Instruction to Interactive Testing. R. Milson, M. Lewis, J.R. Anderson, The Teacher's Apprentice Project: Building an Algebra Tutor. Part II:Graphs and Computer Vision: Selected Applications.S. Pinker, A Theory of Graph Comprehension. L. Kitchen, A Sketch of Accomplishments in Computer Vision with Speculations on Its Use in Educational Testing Part III:Learning, Memory, Reasoning and Language Issues.M. Burstein, B. Adelson, Issues for a Theory of Analogical Learning. B. Ross, The Access and Use of Relevant Information: A Specific Case and General Issues. B. Adelson, Modeling Software Design Within a Problem-Space Architecture. L. Rau, Memory Organization and Retrieval. P. Jacobs, Two Hurdles for Natural Language Systems. Part IV:Invited Critique.S. Amarel. A. Joshi. Part V:Toward the Future of Testing at ETS.R. Bennett, B. Gong, R. Kershaw, D. Rock, E. Soloway, A. Macalalad, Assessment of an Expert System's Ability to Automatically Grade and Diagnose Student's Constructed Responses to Computer Science Problems.