Distributed Computer Control Systems 1991 (eBook)

Front Cover 1
Distributed Computer Control Systems 1991 4
Copyright Page 5
Table of Contents 10
WELCOME ADDRESS 8
CHAPTER 1. VALUE INCONSISTENCIES DUE TO TIME UNCERTAINTIES 12
INTRODUCTION 12
TIME AND SYSTEM MODEL 13
UNCERTAINTIES IN THE MEASUREMENT OF TIME AND VALUE 13
VALUE UNCERTAINTIES DUE TO TIME UNCERTAINTIES 14
VALUE INCONSISTENCIES DUE TO TIME UNCERTAINTIES 15
CONTINUOUS AND DISCRETE VARIABLES 16
CONCLUSIONS 16
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 16
REFERENCES 16
CHAPTER 2. A SCHEDULING ALGORITHM FOR REAL-TIME COMPUTER SYSTEMS USING TIME VALUE FUNCTIONS 18
1 Introduction 18
2 Problem formalization 19
3 Optimal decomposition 19
4 Scheduling algorithms 20
5 Computational experience 21
6 Conclusion 22
Acknowledgements 22
References 22
CHAPTER 3. AN ARCHITECTURE FOR INCREMENTAL PROTOTYPING OF DISTRIBUTED REAL-TIME SYSTEMS 26
INTRODUCTION 26
GENERAL REQUIREMENTS 26
ARCHITECTURE OF THE IPTES ENVIRONMENT 27
DATA FLOW VIEW OF THE IPTES ENVIRONMENT 29
IMPLEMENTATION 29
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 29
References 31
CHAPTER 4. CONRAD - A SYSTEM FOR EVALUATING BEHAVIOURAL PROPERTIES OF EMBEDD ED SOFTWARE 32
INTRODUCTION 32
THE Q-MODEL 33
THE MODELLING METHODOLOGY 33
THE SUPPORTING SOFTWARE SYSTEM 34
THE EVALUATION OF BEHAVIOURAL CHARACTERISTICS 34
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF EVALUATOR 35
CONCLUSIONS 36
REFERENCES 36
CHAPTER 5. VERIFICATION OF TIMING PROPERTIES IN A STATECHARTS-BASED MODEL OF REAL-TIME REACTIVE SYSTEMS 40
INTRODUCTION 40
STATECHARTS 40
FNLOG: FUNCTIONAL LOGIC-BASED SPECIFICATION LANGUAGE 41
FNLOG 41
SPECIFICATION OF TIMING PROPERTIES 42
THE VERIFICATION PROCEDURE 42
VERIFICATION OF THE STATECHARTS SPECIFICATION 43
CONCLUDING REMARKS 43
REFERENCES 44
ACNOWLEDGEMENTS 44
CHAPTER 6. A DISTRIBUTED OFF-LINE SCHEDULER FOR DISTRIBUTED HARD REAL-TIME SYSTEMS 46
INTRODUCTION 46
MODEL 47
DISTRIBUTED OFF-LINE SCHEDULE COMPUT ATIONALGORITHM 47
HEURISTICS 49
REFERENCES 51
CHAPTER 7. AN ASSESSMENT OF TASK EXECUTION TIME ANALYSIS 52
1 Introduction 52
2 Timing Measurements 52
3 Analytical Assessment of Task Execution Times 53
4 Experiments 53
5 Evaluation 55
6 Summary and Conclusion 56
Acknowledgments 56
References 56
CHAPTER 8. THE DRTEE ARCHITECTURE FOR DISTRIBUTED HARD REAL-TIME SYSTEMS 60
1. INTRODUCTION 60
2. ARCHITECTURAL ASSUMPTIONS 60
3. THE SCHEDULING APPROACH 61
4. GLOBAL SCHEDULING AND SIMULATED ANNEALING 62
5. INCREASING SYSTEM UTILITY 63
6. CONCLUSIONS AND CURRENT WORK 63
Acknowledgements 64
References 64
CHAPTER 9. SHARED DATA CONCEPTS FOR DEDOS 66
INTRODUCTION 66
DEDOS CONCEPTS 66
CONCURRENCY CONTROL TECHNIQUES 67
DISTRIBUTED REPLICATED OBJECTS 67
DISTRIBUTED NESTED OBJECTS 69
HW-OBJECT ALGORITHM 69
SW-OBJECT ALGORITHM 70
CONCLUSIONS 71
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 71
REFERENCES 71
CHAPTER 10. INTEGRAL DESIGN OF HARDWARE AND OPERATING SYSTEM FOR A DCCS 72
INTRODUCTION 72
OVERALL SYSTEM STRUCTURE 72
OPERATING SYSTEM 73
HARDWARE DESIGN 74
ACHIEVING PREDICTABLE TIMING BEHAVIOR 75
ACHIEVING A HIGH DEGREE OF FAULT TOLERANCE 75
CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE WORK 76
REFERENCES 76
CHAPTER 11. PREDICTABLE INTERPROCESS COMMUNICATION FOR HARD REAL-TIME SYSTEMS1 80
INTRODUCTION 80
OUTLINE OF SPRING IPC DESIGN 81
SEMANTICS OF SPRING COMMUNICATION 81
STATUS AND FUTURE WORK 84
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 85
REFERENCES 85
CHAPTER 12. ENFORCING REAL-TIME BEHAVIOUR ONLAN-BASED PROTOCOLS 86
1 Introduction 86
2 Reliable Real-Time communications requirements 87
3 The Abstract Network Model 87
4 Implementing inaccessibility control 89
5 Conclusions 91
References 91
CHAPTER 13. ISSUES AND APPROACHES TO TESTING THE TIMING PROPERTIES OF TIME-CRITICAL PROTOCOLS 92
1. INTRODUCTION 92
2. ISSUES 93
3· APPROACHES 94
4· SUMMARY 95
References 95
CHAPTER 14. MAP FOR REAL-TIME DISTRIBUTED COMPUTER CONTROL SYSTEMS 100
INTRODUCTION 100
REAL-TIME REQUIREMENTS AND MAP 100
REAL-TIME MMS 101
REAL-TIME COMMUNICATION ENVIRONMENTS 102
MAP STACK PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS 102
OVERALL SYSTEM PERFORMANCE 103
SUMMARY 103
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 103
REFERENCE 103
CHAPTER 15. CONFIGURATION OF FA/MAP MODEL SYSTEM 106
INTRODUCTION 106
SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE 107
DEFINITION OF SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS 107
DESIGN OF NETWORK ARCHITECTURE 109
SOFTWARE ARCHITECTURE 110
INSTALLATION AND EVALUATION 111
CONCLUSION 111
REFERENCE 111
CHAPTER 16. FIELDBUS ARCHITECTURE FOR HARD REAL TIME APPLICATIONS 112
INTRODUCTION 112
FIELDBUS PROPOSALS 112
THE COMMUNICATION MODEL 113
COMMUNICATION STACK 114
FIELDBUS APPLICATION 115
CONCLUSION 116
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 116
REFERENCES 117
CHAPTER 18. A MIXED MEDIA FIELD BUS FOR PROCESS CONTROL APPLICATIONS 118
INTRODUCTION 118
THE MULTI-DROP ELECTRICAL BUS 119
THE FIBRE OPTIC RING 119
A MIXED MEDIA SYSTEM 119
THE EDINBURGH FIELD BUS 120
CONCLUSIONS 121
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 121
REFERENCES 121
CHAPTER 19. REAL TIME CONTROL USING A DISTRIBUTED MULTI-AGENT STRUCTURE 124
BACKGROUND 124
MULTI-AGENT STRUCTURE 124
VORTEX 125
SERVO SYSTEM TIMING 126
CONCLUSION 127
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 127
REFERENCES 127
CHAPTER 20. CLOCK SYNCHRONISATION ON A HARD REAL-TIME TOKEN RING 128
INTRODUCTION 128
WHY THE TOKEN RING 128
PROCEDURE 1 : PERMANENT TRANSMISSION 129
PROCEDURE 2 : PERIODIC TRANSMISSION WITH RATE MONOTONIC PRIORITY 129
PROCEDURE 3 : PERIODIC TRANSMISSION WITH DEADLINE 130
SIMULATION 130
CONCLUSION 131
REFERENCES 131
CHAPTER 21. COMMUNICATION RELIABILITY IN DISTRIBUTED REAL-TIME SYSTEMS 134
1 Introduction 134
2 Architectural Assumptions and Failure Hypothesis 134
3 Communication Protocol 135
4 Reliability Model 136
5 Numerical Results 138
â Summary 140
Acknowledgment 140
References 140
CHAPTER 22. DATAFLOW-LIKE LANGUAGES FOR DESIGNING DEPENDABLE REAL-TIME CONTROL SYSTEMS 142
INTRODUCTION 142
ADVANTAGES OF THE DATA FLOW MODEL 143
VARIATIONS AND EXTENSIONS 144
APPLICATION OF THE PROPOSED METHOD 145
CONCLUSIONS 146
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 147
REFERENCES 147
CHAPTER23. AN EXTENSIBLE LANGUAGE FOR PROGRAMMING AND CONFIGURING DCCS 148
INTRODUCTION 148
STRUCTURE OF CONTROL SOFTWARE 148
LANGUAGE REQUIREMENTS 149
THE LANGUAGE 149
CONCLUSION 152
ACKNOWLEGEMENTS 152
REFERENCES 152
AUTHOR INDEX 156
KEYWORD INDEX 158