Integrated Systems Engineering (eBook)

Front Cover 1
Integrated Systems Engineering 2
Copyright Page 3
Table of Contents 6
Preface 5
PART I: PLENARY PAPER 12
CHAPTER 1. INTEGRATED SYSTEMS ENGINEERING: THE CHALLENGING CROSS-DISCIPLINE 12
1. INTRODUCTION 12
2. SYSTEMS ENGINEERING IN INDUSTRIAL AND COMMERCIAL CONTEXTS 13
3. SYSTEMS ENGINEERING METHODOLOGIES 14
4. SYSTEMS ENGINEERING AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES 15
5. SYSTEMS ENGINEERING AND HUMAN FACTORS TECHNOLOGIES 16
6. SYSTEMS ENGINEERING IN ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIETAL CONTEXTS. 17
7. INTEGRATED SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION 18
8. CONCLUSIONS 20
9. REFERENCES 21
CHAPTER 2. HUMAN A N D ORGANIZATIONAL INTERACTIONS IN COMPLEX SYSTEMS 22
1. INTRODUCTION 22
2. ORGANIZATIONAL LEARNING 23
3. PLANNING AND LEADERSHIP 27
4. Human and Organtzfltinnfll Error 30
5. References 33
CHAPTER 3. KNOWLEDGE ENGINEERING IN POWER PLANT CONTROL A N D OPERATION 34
1. INTRODUCTION 34
2. A HISTORICAL TREND OF AI TECHNOLOGY 35
3. A PLANT AUTOMATION ES 36
4. A TURBINE VIBRATION DIAGNOSTIC ES 37
5. HUMAN OPERATOR AND AI 39
6. CONCLUSION 40
REFERENCE 45
PART II: DISCUSSION SESSION I 46
CHAPTER 4. The Early Development Systems Life Cycle 46
General Overview 46
Highlights of Initial Presentations 47
Highlights of Discussion 50
PART III: LARGE-SCALE SYSTEMS 52
CHAPTER 5. DECENTRALIZED ADAPTIVE CONTROL FOR LARGE SCALE SYSTEMS WITH REFERENCE MODEL 52
1. INTRODUCTION 52
2. PROBLEM FORMULATION 52
3. MAIN RESULT 53
4. EXAMPLE 55
5. REFERENCES 56
CHAPTER 6. PREDICTIVE CONTROL DESIGN FOR LARGE SCALE SYSTEMS 58
1. INTRODUCTION 58
2. SYSTEM DESCRIPTION 59
3. STATE-SPACE GPC 61
4 POWER SYSTEM FREQUENCY STABILISATION 63
5. CONCLUSIONS 63
REFERENCES 63
CHAPTER 7. REAL TIME COORDINATION IN MULTILEVEL SYSTEMS 64
1. INTRODUCTION 64
2 . ONE STEP COORDINATION 64
3 . GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION PROBLEM 65
4. ASSESSMENTS OF x(.) AND H(. ) APPROXIMATION 66
5. GLOBAL PROBLEM APPROXIMATION 67
6. ANALYTICAL EXAMPLE 68
7. REFERENCES 69
CHAPTER 8. PROBLEMS OF INTEGRATION FOR LARGE SCALE SYSTEMS 70
1 Introduction 70
2 The thermoelectric power plant 70
3 Problems of integration 72
4 Some solutions 74
5 Concluding remarks 75
REFERENCES 75
CHAPTER 9. INFORMATION SYSTEMS EVALUATION AND EFFECTIVENESS 76
1. GENERAL ASPECTS OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS EVALUATION 76
2. CRITERIA FOR I.S's EVALUATION 77
3. QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE MEASUREMENTS FOR I.S's EVALUATION 79
4.I.S's RELIABILITY, OPERATIONAL AVAILABILITY AND EFFECTIVENESS 80
5. REFERENCES 81
CHAPTER 10. The control of firmly chained conveyor systems by decentralized intelligences 82
1. Introduction 82
2. Hierarchical model 83
3. Structure 84
4. Communication 84
5. Software development 84
6. Prospects 86
7. References 86
PART IV: COMPUTER AIDED SYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND DESIGN 88
CHAPTER 11. INTEGRATED DESIGN FOR RESEARCH ORIENTED SYSTEMS:THE SOFTWARE BOTTLENECK 88
1. INTRODUCTION 88
2. SOFTWARE 89
3. AUTOMATIC PROGRAMMING 90
4. MAN-MACHINE INTERFACES 91
5. CONCLUSION 92
CHAPTER 12. INTEGRATED MODELING , SIMULATION, AND OPTIMIZATION OF MULTIBODY SYSTEMS 94
1. INTRODUCTION 94
2. INTEGRATED DESIGN APPROACH 94
3. SOFTWARE CONCEPT 95
4. MULTIBODY SYSTEM DESIGN 97
5. CONCLUSIONS 98
6. REFERENCES 99
PART V: CASE STUDY: APPLIED MULTIDISCIPLINARY DYNAMICS DESIGN EXPERIMENTING 100
CHAPTER 13. THE ANDECS FRAMEWORK FOR COMPUTATIONAL SYSTEM DYNAMICS INTEGRATION 100
1. INTRODUCTION 100
2. PARADIGMS FOR SYSTEM-DYNAMICS COMPUTATIONAL EXPERIMENTING 100
3. CONCLUSION 105
4. REFERENCES 105
CHAPTER 14. ANDECS COMPUTATIONAL EXPERIMENTING WITH THE IAVSD CAR-SUSPENSION BENCHMARK ILTIS 106
1. FIELD OF APPLICATION 106
2. APPLICATION TASK 106
3. SYSTEM MODELLING 107
4. DESIGN COMPROMISING 107
5. ANDECS IN USE 108
6. APPLICATION RESULTS 109
7. REFERENCES 109
CHAPTER 15. ANDECS ROBOT-TRAJECTORY OPTIMIZATION FOR STATE-CONSTRAINED TIME-OPTIMAL CONTROL AND MINIMUM POWER CONSUMPTION 112
1. FIELD OF APPLICATION 112
2. APPLICATION TASK 112
3. SYSTEM MODELING 113
4. DESIGN COMPROMISING 115
5. ANDECS IN USE 116
6. APPLICATION RESULTS 116
REFERENCES 116
CHAPTER 16. ANDECS-MULTICRITERIA OPTIMIZATION OF A FUZZYLOGIC CONTROLLER FOR AN AERO DYNAMICALLY UNSTABLE AIRCRAFT IN COMPARISON TO A LINEAR ROBUST CONTROL DESIGN 118
1 FIELD OF APPLICATION 118
2 APPLICATION TASK 118
3 SYSTEM MODELLING 119
4 DESIGN COMPROMISING 119
5 ANDECS IN USE 120
6 APPLICATION RESULTS 121
REFERENCES 123
CHAPTER 17. AN ANDECS-MATLAB MULTICRITERIA DESIGN FOR A MAGLEV VEHICLE COMPARING A 'CLASSICAL' AND A 'MODERN' CONTROL STRUCTURE 124
1. FIELD OF APPLICATION 124
2. APPLICATION TASK 124
3. SYSTEM MODELLING 125
4. DESIGN COMPROMISING 125
5. ANDECS IN USE 127
6. APPLICATION RESULTS 127
7. REFERENCES 128
PART VI: DESIGN METHODOLOGIES 130
CHAPTER 18. A CELLULAR PROCESS MODEL FOR COMPLEX SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT 130
1 INTRODUCTION 130
2 PROCESS MODELS 130
3 THE ENGINEERING DESIGN PROCESS 131
4 ACELLULAR PROCESS MODEL 131
5 DISCUSSION 134
6 CONCLUSION 135
7 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 135
8 REFERENCES 135
CHAPTER 19. AN APPROACH TO CIPS FROM THE POINT OF VIEW OF SOFTWARE ENGINEERING 136
1. INTRODUCTION 136
2. BASIS FOR THE CIPS SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT 137
3. DEFINITION OF THE PHASES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF CIPS 137
4. APPROACH TO THE REALIZATION OF CONTROL SUBSYSTEM SOFTWARE 139
5. DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITIES RELATED TO THE CONTROL SUBSYSTEM SOFTWARE 139
6. OTHER ACTIVITIES 140
7. CONCLUSION 141
8. REFERENCES 141
PART VII: SYSTEMS ENGINEERING APPROACHES 142
CHAPTER 20. A SYSTEMS ENGINEERING APPROACH TO INFORMATION ARCHITECTURE DESIGN 142
1. INTRODUCTION 142
2. ANALYTICAL SYSTEMS ENGINEERING USING STRUCTURED ANALYSIS 143
3. INFORMATION ARCHITECTURES 146
4. OBJECT ORIENTED MODELING 148
5. THE COPERNICUS ARCHITECTURE 150
6. CONCLUSION 155
REFERENCES 155
CHAPTER 21. ARITHMETICAL LOGIC-A BRIDGE BETWEEN VARIOUS FIELDS OF SYSTEMS ENGINEERING 156
1. INTRODUCTION 156
2. DISCRETE-EVENT SYSTEMS 157
3. FUZZY LOGIC AND FUZZY CONTROL 158
4. ROBUST QUALITATIVE CONTROL 158
5. CONCLUSIONS 158
6. REFERENCES 159
CHAPTER 22. A POWERED HIP ORTHOSIS - AN INTEGRATED SYSTEMS APPROACH 160
1. LOWER LIMB ORTHOTICS 160
2. POWERING THE ORTHOSIS 161
3. THE NEXT STEPS 164
4. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 165
5. REFERENCES 165
PART VIII: INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS 166
CHAPTER 23. REPRESENTATION OF AN ORGANIZATION IN A MULTIAGENT WORLD. 166
1. INTRODUCTION 166
2. REPRESENTATION OF A MULTIAGENT WORLD 166
3. MULTIAGENT ORGANIZATIONS 169
4. CONCLUSION 171
5. REFERENCES 171
CHAPTER 24. Multidiscipllnary Task Knowledge Engineering 172
1. INTRODUCTION 172
2. STRUCTURISATION OF TASK KNOWLEDGE DOMAIN 173
3. UNIFIED APPROACH 174
4. PRACTICAL EXAMPLES 175
CONCLUSIONS 176
REFERENCES 176
CHAPTER 25. A KNOWLEDGE BASED ANALYTICAL CONTROLLER MODULE 178
1. INTRODUCTION 178
2. THE KNOWLEDGE BASED ANALYTICAL CONTROL ALGORITHM 179
3. APPLICATION EXPERIENCES WITH KBAC SOFTWARE MODULES 180
4. A MICROELECTRONIC KBAC MODULE 181
5. REFERENCES 182
CHAPTER 26. TWO-LEVEL CONTROL OF MULTTVARIABLE FUZZY SYSTEMS 184
1. INTRODUCTION 184
2. PROBLEM STATEMENT 184
3. BASIC TERMS AND DEFINITIONS 185
4. METHOD OF HIERARCHICAL CONTROL 185
5. APPLICATION TO URBAN TRAFFIC 186
6. CONCLUSIONS 188
7. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 188
8. REFERENCES 188
CHAPTER 27. CONTROL SYSTEM DESIGN USING MODEL-BASED AND RULEBASED TECHNIQUES - AN INTEGRATED APPROACH 190
1. INTRODUCTION 190
2. SELF-TUNING CONTROL 190
3. FUZZY CONTROL 192
4. COMBINED RULE-BASED AND MODELBASED CONTROL 192
5. ADAPTIVE FUZZY RULE-BASE 193
6. SIMULATION/REAL-TIME STUDIES 193
7. CONCLUSION 193
8. REFERENCES 194
PART IX: SAFETY 196
CHAPTER 28. SITUATION-ADAPTIVE DEGREE OF AUTOMATION IN MAN-MACHINE SYSTEMS: THEORETICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL VALIDATIONS 196
1. INTRODUCTION 196
2. SITUATION-ADAPTIVE RESPONSIBILITY ALLOCATION: THEORETICAL ANALYSIS 196
3. SITUATION-ADAPTIVE RESPONSIBILITY ALLOCATION: EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS 198
4. CONCLUDING REMARKS 201
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 201
REFERENCES 201
CHAPTER 29. KNOWLEDGE ACQUISITION AND CASE-BASED REASONING FOR A CASE-BASED INCIDENT DIAGNOSIS AND SOLVING SYSTEM 202
1. INTRODUCTION 202
2. DOMAIN CONTEXT 202
3. METHODOLOGICAL APPROACH 203
4. KNOWLEDGE MODELING 203
5. CASE-BASED REASONING 205
6. CONCLUSION 207
7. REFERENCES 207
PART X: DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEMS 208
CHAPTER 30. NEURAL NETS: ANOTHER PARADIGM FOR DECISION SUPPORTTHE COMPREHENSIVE EVALUATION OF CHINESE LARGE CITIES 208
1. INTRODUCTION 208
2. THE TRADITIONAL KB-CEDSS 209
3. ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS 210
4. ILLUSTRATION EXAMPLES 212
5. CONCLUSION 213
6. REFERENCES 213
CHAPTER 31. INTEGRATION LEVELS IN GENERIC PROTOTYPING APPROACH 214
1. INTRODUCTION 214
2. GPA-AN OVERVIEW 215
3. GPA INTEGRATION FRAMEWORK 217
4.ACASE STUDY 218
5. CONCLUSIONS 219
6. REFERENCES 219
PART XI: NATURAL SYSTEMS AND STABILITY 220
CHAPTER 32. The Transition to Chaos in the SCX Model of International 220
1. Description of the SCX model 220
2. Chaos indicators and attractors 221
3. How to cope with chaos? 224
4. References 225
CHAPTER 33. DECISION MAKING BY OIL COMPANY UNDER CONDITIONS OF ECONOMIC INSTABILITY 226
1. INTRODUCTION 226
2. SYSTEM CONCEPTUAL MODEL 226
3. DECISION SPACE REDUCTION 227
4. SYSTEM REALIZATION 227
5. OIL-FIELD AUTOMATION PROVISION MODEL 228
6. CURRENCY QUOTATIONS FORECAST 229
7. CONCLUSION 229
8. REFERENCES 229
PART XII: MODELLING DYNAMIC SYSTEMS 230
CHAPTER 34. SIMPLIFICATION OF STOCHASTIC PETRI NETS USING A DECOUPLING METHOD. 230
1. INTRODUCTION 230
2. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE TWO MODELING FORMS. 230
3. SINGULAR PERTURBATIONS. 233
4. APPLICATION 233
5. REFERENCES. 235
CHAPTER 35. DESIGN OF A COMPUTER AIDED TELEOPERATION PLAN IN THE PRESENCE OF UNCERTAINTIES 236
1. INTRODUCTION 236
2. DESIGN OF THE CAT PLAN 237
3. PERFORMANCE EVALUATION 239
4. PERFORMANCE EXAMPLES 239
5. CONCLUSION 240
6. REFERENCES 241
CHAPTER 36. SIMULATION MODEL FOR EVALUATION OF DEREGULATION EFFECTS IN ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEM 242
1. INTRODUCTION 242
2. OUTLINE OF DEREGULATED POWER SYSTEM 243
3. SIMULATION MODEL OF DEREGULATED POWER SYSTEM 243
4. SIMULATION RESULTS AND SOME COMMENTS 245
5. CONCLUDING REMARKS 247
6. REFERENCES 247
PART XIII: MAN-MACHINE SYSTEMS 248
CHAPTER 37. HUMAN INTERFACE DESIGN FOR HIGHLY AUTOMATED POWER GENERATING PLANTS 248
1. INTRODUCTION 248
2. DEFINITION OF HUMAN, COMPUTER, AND MACHINE 248
3. HUMAN-COMPUTER INTERACTION IN HIGHLY AUTOMATED SYSTEMS 249
4. FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS OF "COMPUTER" 249
5. DESIGN PRINCIPLE OF HUMAN INTERFACE 250
6. IMPLICATIONS FOR DESIGN OF PROCESS INFORMATION NAVIGATOR 251
7. CONCLUSION 253
REFERENCE 253
CHAPTER 38. CONCEPTUAL DESIGN OF MUTUAL ADAPTIVE INTERFACE 254
1. INTRODUCTION 254
2. BASIC CONCEPT OF MADI 254
3. A BASIC LABORATORY EXPERIMENT 257
4. CONCLUDION 259
5. REFERENCES 259
CHAPTER 39. LEARNING MANUALS 260
1. INTRODUCTION 260
2. PROBLEMS OF HUMAN DIAGNOSTICIANS 260
3. CO-OPERATIVE SUPPORT 261
4. FAULT DIAGNOSIS MECHANISMS 261
5. SYMBOLIC PROBABILITIES FOR SYMPTOMS 262
6. DIFFERENT MODES FOR SEARCHING 262
7. NEURAL NETWORK APPROACH 262
8. STRUCTURE OF NEURAL NETWORK EXPERIMENTS 263
9. RESULTS OF THE NEURAL NETWORK EXPERIMENTS 263
10. CO-OPERATION BETWEEN HYPERTEXT AND NEURAL NETWORK 263
11. APPLICATIONS 264
12. CONCLUSION 264
13. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 264
14. REFERENCES 264
CHAPTER 40. KEEPING JOBS FOR SEMI-SKILLED WORKERS BY INTRODUCING SUPERVISED LEARNING IMAGE PROCESSING SYSTEMS 266
1. INTRODUCTION 266
2. SYSTEM OUTLINE 267
3. THE MAN-MACHINE INTERFACE 269
4. REFERENCES 271
PART IXV: RE-DEFINING THE ROLES OF HUMAN OPERATORS 272
CHAPTER 41. DESIGNING CNC-MACHINE TOOLS TO FIT THE SKILLED WORKERS AT THE INDIVIDUAL WORKPLACE AND IN GROUP WORK 272
1. INTRODUCTION 272
2. DEVELOPING HUMAN-CENTRED CNC 273
3. A THEORY OF MENTAL MODELS 274
4. A METHODOLOGY FOR DESIGN 275
5. FINAL REMARKS 277
6. REFERENCES 277
CHAPTER 42. NEW FORMS OF ORGANIZATION IN HIGHLY AUTOMATED SYSTEMS 278
1. INTRODUCTION 278
2. CONSEQUENCES OF THE ENGINEERING PROGRESS 278
3. EXAMPLE 279
4. EXPERIENCES 280
5. CONCLUSION 280
6. REFERENCES 281
CHAPTER 43. HUMAN-PROCESS-COMMUNICATION AND ITS APPLICATION IN PROCESS INDUSTRY 282
1. INTRODUCTION 282
2. HUMAN-PROCESS-COMMUNICATION THE HUMAN ROLE AND DEMANDS 282
3. METHODS AND CONCEPTS 282
4. SYSTEM AND DESIGN REQUIREMENTS OF HUMAN-PROCESS-COMMUNICATION 284
5. SUMMARY 284
6. REFERENCES 284
CHAPTER 44. NEW APPROACHES IN HUMAN-ORIENTED CNC-CAD-CAM: MACHINE TOOL CONTROL AND FACTORY-WIDE INTEGRATION 286
1. INTRODUCTION 286
2. CONFIGURABLE USER INTERFACE 286
3. PROCESS OBSERVATION AND CONTROL ON NC MACHINE TOOLS 288
4. CONCLUSION 291
5. REFERENCES 291
PART XV: MANUFACTURING SYSTEMS 292
CHAPTER 45. POSITION OF MANMACHINE IN TERFACE IN MANUFACTURING SYSTEMS ARCHITECTURES 292
1. INTRODUCTION 292
2. PRESENTATION OF THE MMIS 292
3. NATURE OF THE EXCHANGES 293
4. A NEW MMI COMMUNICATION ARCHITECTURE 295
5. OPERATIVE ARCHITECTURES 295
6. THE ABIWIN EXPERIMENT 296
7. CONCLUSION 297
8. REFERENCES 297
CHAPTER 46. ANALYSIS AND PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF COLOURED PETRI NETS BY MEANS OF DISTRIBUTED SIMULATION 298
1. INTRODUCTION 298
2. BASIC DEFINITIONS OF COLOURED PETRINETS 299
3. DECOMPOSTION OF COLOURED PETRI NETS 299
4. ANALYSIS OF COLOURED PETRI NETS 300
5. SIMULATION ALGORITHM 300
6. ANALYSIS BY DISTRIBUTED SIMULATION 301
7. CONCLUSION 301
8. REFERENCES 301
PART XVI: ROBOTICS 304
CHAPTER 47. AUTOMATIC ASSEMBLY TASK ASSIGNMENT FOR A MULTTROROT ENVIRONMENT 304
1. INTRODUCTION 304
2. PROBLEM STATEMENT 305
3. ALGORITHM DESCRIPTION 305
4. RESULTS 308
5. CONCLUSIONS 309
6. ACKNOWLEDGMENT 309
7. REFERENCES 309
CHAPTER 48. AN OPTIMISATION-BASED ALGORITHM FOR DESIGNING FREE-FORM TRAJECTORIES UNDER VARIOUS CONSTRAINTS 310
1. INTRODUCTION 310
2. FORMULATION OF CUBIC POLYNOMIAL JOINT TRAJECTORIES 311
3. OPTIMISATION APPROACH 312
4. EXAMPLES 314
5. CONCLUSION 315
6. REFERENCES 315
CHAPTER 49. OPTIMIZATION OF TRAJECTORIES FOR INDUSTRIAL ROBOTS USING MATHEMATICA 316
1. INTRODUCTION 316
2. MODELS FOR INDUSTRIAL ROBOTS 317
3. PROBLEM STATEMENT 318
4. IMPLEMENTATION 319
5. RESULTS 319
6. CONCLUSION 320
7. REFERENCES 321
PART XVII: PLANNING 322
CHAPTER 50. MANUFACTURING PROCESS PLANNING USING OBJECT ORIENTED PETRI NETS SUPPORTED BY ENTROPY BASED FUZZY REASONING 322
1. INTRODUCTION 322
2. DECISIVE MANUFACTURING PROCESS PLANNING 322
3. APPROACH TO MANUFACTURING PROCESS PLANNING 323
4. PROBLEM SOLVING PROCEDURES 324
5. HANDLING O F UNCERTAINTIES 326
6. CONCLUSIONS 327
7. REFERENCES 327
CHAPTER 51. Transportation Integrated Planning and Control 328
1. Introduction 328
2. State of the art 328
3. Motivation 329
4. Concurrent planning and control 330
5. Advantages 330
6. Installation 331
7. Prospects 331
PART XVIII: TRANSPORTATION 332
CHAPTER 52. Dual Design of Computer-based Air Traffic Control Systems 332
1. Introduction 332
2. Dual Design Approach as a concept of interdisziplinary design of human-machine Systems 333
3. The design of ground-air communication 334
4. Design of the tactical planning 335
5. Conclusion 336
6. References 336
CHAPTER 53. EXPERIMENTS ON AIR TRAFFIC CONTROLLER'S REPRESENTATION AS APPROACH TO MMS-DESIGN 338
1. INTRODUCTION 338
2. MENTAL MODELS 338
3. PRIMING EXPERIMENT 340
4. IMPLICATIONS ON MMS-DES1GN IN ATC 342
5. SUMMARY 343
6. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 343
7. REFERENCES 343
CHAPTER 54. FLIGHT SIMULATION FACILITIES IN EUROPE 344
1. INTRODUCTION 344
2. INVESTIGATION PROCEDURE 344
3. FLIGHT SIMULATION APPLICATION AREAS 344
4. COMPONENTS OF FLIGHT SIMULATORS 345
5. RESEARCH REQUIREMENTS 347
6. EXPERIMENT SUPERVISION AND EVALUATION 348
7. TECHNICAL DATA OF SOME FLIGHT SIMULATION FACILITIES IN WESTERN EUROPE 348
8. REFERENCES 348
CHAPTER 55. DESIGN AND EVALUATION OF CONTROL POSTS IN MODERN TRANSPORT SYSTEMS : ATTEMPS FOR METHODOLOGY AND TOOLS 350
1. INTRODUCTION 350
2. METHODOLOGY OF DESIGN AND EVALUATION OF INTEGRATED SYSTEMS 351
3. PROBLEMATIC OF CONTROL POSTS IN MODERN TRANSPORTS 352
4. THE CAR DRIVING CASE : METHODOLOGY TO EVALUATE INTEGRATED SYSTEMS AND EXPERIMENTS 352
5. CONCLUSION 355
6. REFERENCES 355
PART IXXAUTOMATION IN COMMERCIAL AVIATION 356
CHAPTER 56. AN AIRLINE PERSPECTIVE: USER EXPERIENCE AND USER REQUIREMENTS 356
1. OVERVIEW 356
2. STATE OF THE ART 357
3. PROBABILITY CONSIDERATIONS 358
4. USER REQUIREMENTS OUT OF USER EXPERIENCE 358
5. CONCLUSION 359
6. REFERENCES 360
CHAPTER 57. FLIGHT DECK AUTOMATION AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR GLASSCOCKPIT TRAINING 362
1. Mental Preparation: It's really a New Generation Aircraft 362
2. Different Training/Teaching Approach 362
3. Practical Implications/Solutions 363
4. Demands Design
5. Demands: Operation 366
6. Future Developments 367
7. Acknowledgements 367
REFERENCES 368
CHAPTER 58. AUTOMATION AND ATC IMPROVEMENT - SOME POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS 370
1. INTRODUCTION 370
2. POTENTIAL BENEFITS OF FLOW MANAGEMENT 371
3. POTENTIAL BENEFITS OF MEDIUM TERM PLANNING 373
4. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 374
5. REFERENCES 374
CHAPTER 59. DESIGNING FOR SITUATION AWARENESS AND TRUST IN AUTOMATION 376
1. INTRODUCTION 376
2. OVERVIEW OF AUTOMATION 376
3. AUTOMATION-INDUCED PROBLEMS 377
4. SOLUTIONS 380
5. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 380
6. REFERENCES 380
PART XX: DISCUSSION SESSION II 382
CHAPTER 60. SUMMARY OF PANEL DISCUSSION: AUTOMATION IN COMMERCIAL AVIATION 382
1. Brief summary of the paper session of the same title of the previous day fas presented by C. Wickens) 382
2. Discussion of the objectives of automation and ways to implement it 382
3. Identification of challenges regarding corresponding aviation Human Factors actvities in Europe 385
4. Challenges for aviation Human Factors in Europe 386
5. Short-term actions 387
PART XXI: INDUSTRIAL SYSTEMS ENGINEERING 388
CHAPTER 61. FUZZY CONTROL ALGORITHMS IMPLEMENTATION FOR A SYNCHRONOUS GENERATOR CONNECTED TO A POWER SYSTEM 388
1. INTRODUCTION 388
2. THE CONTROLLED PLANT AND THE CONTROL STRUCTURE 389
3. THE CLASSICAL DESIGN OF THE SPEED AND VOLTAGE CONTROLLERS 391
4. THE DESIGN OF THE FUZZY SPEED AND VOLTAGE CONTROLLERS 393
5. CONCLUSIONS 396
6. REFERENCES 397
CHAPTER 62. RECIPE INITIALIZATION FOR A BATCH PROCESS 398
1. INTRODUCTION 398
2. MODEL-BASED FLEXIBLE RECIPE 398
3. RECIPE INITIALIZATION 399
4. IMPROVEMENT OF AN EPOXIDE RESIN PRODUCTION PROCESS 400
5. INITIALIZATION OF EPOXIDE RESIN PRODUCTION 401
6. FINAL REMARKS 401
7. REFERENCES 402
CHAPTER 63. Sensory Feedback for Industrial Robots - Based on a Distributed System 404
1. INTRODUCTION 404
2. REQUIREMENTS OF SENSOR DATA INTEGRATION 404
3. DESIGN OF A SYSTEM FOR SENSOR DATA PROCESSING 405
4. STRUCTURE AND TASKS OF THE TRANSPUTER SYSTEM 406
5. PARALLEL PROCESSING AND DISTRIBUTION 406
6. CONCLUSION 409
7. REFERENCES 409
CHAPTER 64. UTILIZATION OF A HIERARCHICAL CONTROL SYSTEM IN A ROBOT-BASED FLEXIBLE ASSEMBLY CELL 410
1. INTRODUCTION 410
2. THE FLEXIBLE ASSEMBLY WORK CELL 410
3. HIERARCHICAL CONTROL STRUCTURE 412
4. THE FLEXIBLE WORK CELL CONTROLLER 413
5. ONLINE OPTIMIZATION OF ASSEMBLY PROCESSES 414
6. CONCLUSION 415
7. REFERENCES 415
CHAPTER 65. Distributed Complete Non Linear State Reconstruction Observer for Gas Turbines in a CGS-Power Station 416
1. INTRODUCTION 416
2.0 THE DISTRIBUTED AND COMPLETE NON LINEAR STATE OBSERVER FOR THE STATIONARY GAS TURBINE 416
3. VERIFICATION RESULTS 420
4. ACKNOWLEDGMENT 420
6. REFERENCES 420
CHAPTER 66. ASSOCIATING DISCRETE PART MANUFACTURING SYSTEMS SEMANTICS TO SADT BY MEANS OF PETRI NETS 422
l. INTRODUCTION 422
2. INTEGRATION APPROACHES 422
3. MAPPING SADT INTO PETRI NETS 423
4. A SIMPLE EXAMPLE 425
5. CONCLUSIONS AND ONGOING WORK 426
6. REFERENCES 427
CHAPTER 67. INTEGRATION OF A SIMULATION MANAGER WITH OPTIMIZATION IN MANUFACTURING SIMULATION 428
1. INTRODUCTION 428
2. SIMULATION EXPERIMENT PLANNING 429
3. OPTIMIZATION IN SIMULATION 430
4. OPTIMIZATION ALGORITHMS 430
5. CONCEPT FOR THE SIMULATION MANAGER 431
6. APPLICATION FAS-SIMULATION 432
7. CONCLUSION 433
8. REFERENCES 433
CHAPTER 68. DISTRIBUTION OF INTELLIGENT AUTOMATED PRODUCTION SYSTEM - A CLUSTERING APPROACH 434
1. INTRODUCTION 434
2. THE REAL TIME PROCESS OPERATING SYSTEM 434
4 ILLUSTRATION 436
5 CONCLUSION 438
REFERENCES 438
CHAPTER 69. MODEL REFERENCE ADAPTIVE ESTIMATION APPLIED TO A BIOPROCESS 440
1. INTRODUCTION 440
2. PROCESS ANALYSIS AND MODELLING 440
3. ADAPTIVE ESTIMATION 441
4. APPLICATION TO REAL PROCESS DATA 443
5. CONCLUSION 444
6. REFERENCES 444
PART XXII: CLOSING DISCUSSION SESSION 446
CHAPTER 70. ON INTEGRATED SYSTEMS ENGINEERING - A SYNOPSIS 446
INTRODUCTION 446
COMMENTS BY K. KAWAI 446
COMMENTS BY A.H. LEVIS 446
COMMENTS BY G. MANCINI 447
FINAL DISCUSSION 448
AUTHOR INDEX 450