Computer Software Structures Integrating AI/KBS Systems in Process Control (eBook)

Front Cover 1
Computer Software Structures Integrating AI/Kbs Systems in Process Control 2
Copyright Page 3
Table of Contents 6
Chapter 1. Towards Integrated Process Supervision: Current Status and Future Directions 10
1 . INTRODUCTION 10
2 . PROBLEM SOLVING PARADIGMS IN PROCESS SUPERVISION 11
3. INTEGRATED PROCESS SUPERVISION: CHALLENGES AND THE ROLE OF AI 12
4. CURRENT STATUS OF AUTOMATION IN PROCESS SUPERVISION: A BRIEF REVIEW 14
5. BRINGING IT ALL TOGETHER: FUTURE DIRECTIONS IN INTEGRATED PROCESS SUPERVISION 18
6 . CONCLUSIONS 21
7 . REFERENCES 21
Chapter 2. Software Integration of Real-Time Expert Systems 24
1. Introduction 24
2. Objectives 24
3. Approach 25
4. Implementation 27
5. Related Work 28
6. Summary and Future Directions 29
7. References 29
Chapter 3. DATA FLOW ARCHITECTURE FOR ADVANCED PROCESS CONTROL 30
1. INTRODUCTION 30
2. DATAFLOW 30
3. INTEGRATION 31
4. CONTROL SYSTEM 32
5. DATA FLOW GRAPHS 33
6. SUMMARY 34
7. DEFICIENCIES 34
8. PROTOTYPE 34
9. APPLICATION 35
10. CONCLUSIONS 35
REFERENCES 35
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 35
Chapter 4. CONTROLLER VERIFICATION USING QUALITATIVE REASONING 36
INTRODUCTION 36
CSTR PROCESS 37
RESULTS 37
CONCLUSIONS 38
REFERENCES 39
Chapter 5. TIME-DEPENDENT SYSTEM KNOWLEDGE REPRESENTATION BASED ON DYNAMIC MPLD 42
1. INTRODUCTION 42
2. TIME-DEPENDENT BEHAVIOR OF PHYSICAL SYSTEMS 43
3. DYNAMIC MPLD 44
4. EXAMPLES OF DMPLD REPRESENTATION 45
5. REFERENCE 48
Chapter 6. Combining Multilevel Flow Modeling and Hybrid Phenomena Theory for efficient design of engineering systems 50
1. INTRODUCTION 50
2. A KNOWLEDGE-BASED SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR FUNCTION-BASED DESIGN 51
3. MULTILEVEL FLOW MODELING AND ITS EXTENSION FOR DESIGN PROBLEMS 51
4. IMPLEMENTATION OF THE HYBRID PHENOMENA THEORY 52
5. EXAMPLE DESIGN PROBLEMS 53
6. CONCLUSIONS 54
7. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 55
8. REFERENCES 55
Chapter 7. A SIMULATION ENVIRONMENT FOR EVALUATION OF KNOWLEDGE BASED FAULT DIAGNOSIS SYSTEMS 56
1. INTRODUCTION 56
2. CONCEPT OF THE SIMULATION ENVIRONMENT 57
3. THE MFM APPROACH TO FAULT DETECTION AND DIAGNOSIS 58
4. A CASE STUDY: A SIMULATED LABORATORY PLANT UNDER CONTROL 58
5. DISCUSSION AND FURTHER ENHANCEMENTS 60
6. CONCLUSIONS 61
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 61
REFERENCES 61
Chapter 8. MULTI-PARADIGM REASONING FOR MOLECULAR BEAM EPITAXY CONTROL 62
1. GOALS 62
2. TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION - GENERAL APPROACH 62
3. TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION - SPECIFIC CASE 64
4. CONCLUSION 67
5. REFERENCES 67
Chapter 9. CANCELLATION CONTROLLER BASED ON FUZZY RELATIONAL MATRIX AND COMPARISON WITH OTHER CONTROL ALGORITHMS 68
1. INTRODUCTION 68
2. THE FUZZY RELATIONAL MATRIX MODEL 68
3. CANCELLATION CONTROLLER BASED ON FUZZY RELATIONAL MATRIX MODEL 70
4. FUZZY CANCELLATION CONTROL OF NONLINEAR PLANT 71
5. CONCLUSION 72
REFERENCES 72
Chapter 10. ADAPTIVE TUNING OF FUZZY LOGIC CONTROLLERS 74
1. INTRODUCTION 74
2. LINGUISTIC SIMULATION 74
3. CONTROLLER TUNING 76
4. ADAPTIVE FUZZY CONTROLLERS 78
5. CONCLUSIONS 79
6. REFERENCES 79
Chapter 11. STEPS TOWARDS REAL-TIME CONTROL USING KNOWLEDGE BASED SIMULATION OF FLEXIBLE MANUFACTURING SYSTEMS 80
1. INTRODUCTION 80
2. DECISION MAKING IN SIMULATION OF FMS 80
3. EXPERIMENTAL KB SIMULATION SYSTEMS FOR FMS 81
5. CONCLUSIONS 83
6. REFERENCES 83
Chapter 12. INTELLIGENT ACTUATION AND MEASUREMENT SYSTEM-BASED MODELLING: THE PRIAM WAY OF WORKING 84
1. INTRODUCTION 84
2.IAT CONTEXT 85
3.IAM CONTEXT 85
4. - FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENT DIAGRAMS OF IAM 86
5. FUNCTIONAL DIAGRAMS OF IAM 87
6. CONCLUSION 88
7· ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 88
8. ACRONYMS 88
9. REFERENCES 88
Chapter 13. REAL-TIME INTELLIGENT PROCESS CONTROL USING CONTINUOUS FUZZY PETRI NETS 90
1 Introduction 90
2 Fuzzy Logic Overview 90
3 Petri Net Overview 91
4 CFPN 91
5 Example 94
6 Conclusions 94
References 94
Chapter 14. PARAMETERIZED HIGH-LEVEL GRAFCET FOR STRUCTURING REAL-TIME KBS APPLICATIONS 98
1. INTRODUCTION 98
2. GRAFCHART 99
3. AN INDUSTRIAL EXAMPLE 100
4. HIGH-LEVEL GRAFCHART 101
5. CONCLUSIONS 102
REFERENCES 103
Chapter 15. Knowledge-Based Madelling of a TV -Tube Manufacturing Process 104
1 INTRODUCTION 104
2 THE SUPERVISION GOBAL ARCHITECTURE 104
3 THE PROCESS SIMULATION SYSTEM 106
4 PROCESS SIMULATION 107
5 CONCLUDING REMARKS 110
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 110
REFERENCES 110
Chapter 16. A PERSPECTIVE ON THE INTEGRAED ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE/KNOWLEDGE BASED SYSTEMS IN THE PROCESS INDUSTRIES: CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES 112
1 INTRODUCTION 112
2 POSITION OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE/KNOWLEDGE BASED SYSTEMS 113
3 EXPERIENCEIN OTHER INDUSTRIES 114
4 ANALYSIS OF THE EVIDENCE 114
5 HOW COULD THE PROCESS INDUSTRIES CHANGE 115
6 CONCLUSIONS 116
REFERENCES 116
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 116
Chapter 17. Improvement of Mold-Level Control using Fuzzy-Logic 118
1. Introduction 118
2. Model of the Mold-level Control Circuit 118
3. Fuzzy PI-Control of the Mold-level Circuit 120
4. Simulation results 122
5. Conclusion 123
REFERENCES 123
Chapter 18. RIP CONTROL IN KNOWLEDGE-BASED SYSTEMS 124
1. INTRODUCTION 124
2. RIP CONTROL 124
3. RIP DESIGN SHELL 127
4. HYBRID RULE BASE 128
5. RESULTS 129
6. CONCLUSION 129
7. REFERENCES 129
Chapter 19. PROCESS CONTROL USING RECURRENT NEURAL NETWORKS 130
1. INTRODUCTION 130
2. NEURAL NETWORKS ARCHITECTURES 130
3. NEURAL NETWORK BASED CONTROL ARCHITECTURES 131
4. SIMULATION STUDIES OF RECURRENT NEURAL CONTROLLERS 133
5. CONCLUSIONS 135
6. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 135
7. REFERENCES 135
Chapter 20. FUZZY ANTI-RESET WINDUP FOR HEATER CONTROL 136
1. INTRODUCTION 136
2. CONTROL PROBLEM 136
3. ANALYSIS 137
4. ANTI WINDUP SCHEME 139
5. SIMULATIONS 140
6. CONCLUSIONS 141
7. REFERENCES 141
Chapter 21. ACTION PLANS DYNAMIC APPLICATION IN THE ALEXIP KNOWLEDGE-BASED SYSTEM 142
1. INTRODUCTION 142
2. SITUATION GRAPHS 142
3. SELECTION OF PLANS OFACTION 146
4. CONCLUSIONS 147
5. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 147
6. REFERENCES 147
Chapter 22. COMPUTERISED SUPPORT IN THE PREPARATION, IMPLEMENTATION AND MAINTENANCE OF OPERATING PROCEDURES 148
1. INTRODUCTION 148
2. PROCEDURE PREPARATION 149
3. PROCEDURE IMPLEMENTATION 150
4. DISCUSSION 151
5. CONCLUSIONS 153
REFERENCES 153
Chapter 23. COAST - COMPUTERISED ALARM SYSTEM TOOLBOX 154
1. INTRODUCTION 154
2. FUNCTIONALITY OF COAST 155
3. STRUCTURE AND INTERFACES 157
4. CONCLUSION 158
5. REFERENCES 159
Chapter 24. APPLICATION OF THE EXPERT CONTROL IN A SUGAR FACTORY 160
1. INTRODUCTION 160
2. EXPERT CONTROL 160
3. EXTRACTION CONTROL 161
4. CO-ORDINATION CONTROL 163
5. CRYSTALLISATION CONTROL IN A VACUUM PAN 164
6. PRACTICAL IMPLEMENTATION AND RESULTS 165
8. REFERENCES 165
Chapter 25. AREAL-TIME KNOWLEDGE-BASED BLAST FURNACE SUPERVISION SYSTEM 166
1. INTRODUCTION 166
2. THE STRUCTURE OF THE SYSTEM 167
3. THE APPLICATION 168
4. CONCLUDING REMARKS 170
5. REFERENCES 170
Chapter 26. REAL TIME SUPERVISION OF WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANTS: A DISTRIBUTED AI APPROACH 172
1 INTRODUCTION 172
2. DISTRIBUTED AI AND REAL TIME PROCESS CONTROL 173
3. DESIGN OF THE DISTRIBUTED SUPERVISORY SYSTEM'S ARCHITECTURE 174
4. THE SUPERVISORY CYCLE 175
5. A CASE STUDY 176
6. CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE WORK 176
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 177
REFERENCES 177
Chapter 27. NEURAL NETWORK MODEL FOR DISSOLVED OXYGEN CONTROL IN A BATCH FERMENTER 178
1. INTRODUCTION 178
2. NEURAL NETWORK MODEL 179
3. APPLICATION RESULTS 180
4. CONCLUSION 182
5. REFERENCES 182
Chapter 28. RULE BASED INTERPOLATING CONTROL FUZZY AND ITS ALTERNATIVES 184
1. INTRODUCTION 184
2. RULEBASED INTERPOLATING CONTROL 184
3. FUZZY SYSTEMS 185
4. LINEARIZATION 186
5. AND THE ALTERNATIVES 187
6. NONLINEAR MODELERS 188
7. CONCLUSIONS 189
8. REFERENCES 189
Chapter 29. AREAL-TIME EXPERT SYSTEM FOR PROCESS SUPERVISION AND ITS APPLICATION IN PULP INDUSTRY 190
1. BACKGROUND 190
2. WHYUSING KBS TECHNIQUES 190
3. OVERVIEW OF KE 2000 191
4. THE EXPERT SYSTEM 191
5. ARCHITECTURE OF THE PROTOTYPE 194
6. CURRENT STATUS 194
7. EFFORT 194
8. EVALUATION 195
9. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 195
REFERENCES 195
Chapter 30. Experiences from development and operation of an operator guidance system for the blast furnace process 196
1. INTRODUCTION 196
2. PROCESS CONTROL 197
3. INITIAL DECISION MODEL 197
4. MODIFIED DECISION MODEL 198
5. THE FUNCTION OF MASMESTER 199
6. RESULTS OF OPERATION 199
7. ACHIEVING ACCEPTANCE FROM THE ORGANIZATION 200
8. FURTHER R& D
9. CONCLUSIONS 201
10. REFERENCES 201
Chapter 31. Fuzzy Persistence in Process Protection 202
1. INTRODUCTION 202
2. IMPLEMENTATION OF FUZZY PERSISTENCE 204
3. CONCLUSION 205
4. ACKNOWLEDGMENT 205
Chapter 32. QUALITATIVE FAULT DETECTION BASED ON LOGICAL PROGRAMMING APPLIED TO A VARIABLE AIR VOLUME AIR HANDLING UNIT 208
1. INTRODUCTION 208
2. DESCRIPTION OF THE AIR-HANDLING SYSTEM 208
3. THE STEADY-STATE BEHAVIOUR OF THE SYSTEM 210
4. DESIGN OF QUALITATIVE FAULT DETECTORS OF THE CENTRAL AIR HANDLING PLANT 211
5. CONCLUSIONS AND OUTLOOK 216
6. ACKNOWLEDGEMEN 216
7. REFERENCES 216
Chapter 33. PROCESS DIAGNOSIS IMMUNE FROM SENSOR FAULT BY SELF-ORGANIZATION 220
1. INTRODUCTION 220
2. MUTUAL RECOGNITION NETWORK MODEL 220
3. MODIFICATIONS ON THE MUTUAL RECOGNITION MODEL 221
4. APPLICATION TO SENSOR SELF-DIAGNOSIS 222
5. PROCESS FAULT DETECTION BY HIERARCHICAL IMMUNE NETWORK 223
6. APPLICATION TO THE INDUSTRIAL PROCESS PLANT 224
7. CONCLUSIONS 225
8. REFERENCES 225
Chapter 34. AN INTELLIGENT ALARM HANDLING TOOL 226
1. INTRODUCTION 226
2. FIRST NAVIGATOR 226
3. KNOWLEDGE ACQUISITION 227
4. DATA-COLLECTION THROUGH EVENTS 228
5. PREDICTING CONSEQUENCES IN THE PROCESS 228
6. CONCLUSIONS 229
7. REFERENCES 230
AUTHOR INDEX 232