Distributed Computer Control Systems 1988 (eBook)

Front Cover 1
Distributed Computer Control Systems 1988 4
Copyright Page 5
Table of Contents 10
IFAC WORKSHOP ON DISTRIBUTED COMPUTER CONTROL SYSTEMS 1988 6
PREFACE 8
PART 1: KEYNOTE ADDRESS 12
CHAPTER 1. REAL TIME DISTRIBUTED COMPUTER CONTROL SYSTEMS — A REALISTIC PERSPECTIVE 12
BACKGROUND 12
THE FACTS OF LIFE - COMPUTER-STYLE 13
FUTURE CRITICAL ISSUES 17
SUMMARY 19
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 19
REFERENCES 19
DISCUSSION 20
PART 2: THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE FIELDBUS 22
CHAPTER 2. FIELD BUSES IN MANUFACTURING AUTOMATION: A STUDY OF THE APPLICATION LAYER REQUIREMENTS 22
ABSTRACT 22
INTRODUCTION 22
FIELD BUSES 22
CYCLIC OPERATIONS 23
APPLICATION MANAGEMENT 24
NETWORK MANAGEMENT ON A FIELD BUS 24
A PROPOSAL FOR APPLICATION LAYER SERVICES 24
CONCLUSION 25
REFERENCES 25
CHAPTER 3. FIELDBUS APPLICATION LAYER: FUNCTIONALITY AND MODELS 26
ABSTRACT 26
1. APPLICATION LAYER FUNCTIONALITY 26
2. APPLICATION LAYER MODELS 28
REFERENCES 31
PART 3: ARCHITECTURAL ISSUES 32
CHAPTER 4. AUTONOMOUS DISTRIBUTED NETWORK ARCHITECTURE FOR CONTROL SYSTEM 32
INTRODUCTION 32
NETWORK ARCHITECTURE 32
NETWORK SOFTWARE 34
EVALUATION IN TRANSPUTER NETWORK 35
APPLICATION TO POWER SYSTEM CONTROL 36
CONCLUSIONS 37
REFERENCES 37
DISCUSSION 38
CHAPTER 5. CONSISTENCY CONSTRAINTS IN DISTRIBUTED REAL TIME SYSTEMS 40
1. INTRODUCTION 40
2. REALTIME 40
3. REAL TIME ENTITY 41
4. OBSERVATIONS 42
5. CONSISTENCY CONSTRAINTS 43
6. CONCLUSIONS 44
REFERENCES 44
DISCUSSION 45
CHAPTER 6. THE CONTRACTUAL APPROACH IN THE MARS DESIGN ENVIRONMENT 46
1. INTRODUCTION 46
2. THE MARS DESIGN SYSTEM 47
3. THE CONTRACTUAL APPROACH 48
4. PROJECT MANAGEMENT 50
5. CONCLUSIONS 51
6. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 51
DISCUSSION 52
CHAPTER 7. EVENT MANAGEMENT AND RENDEZVOUS CONCEPT IN A DISTRIBUTED REAL TIME OPERATING SYSTEM 54
INTRODUCTION 54
2.GENERAL CONCEPTS. 55
3.THE EVENTS IN KERDX: 56
4. KERNET : COMMUNICATION SERVICES 57
CONCLUSION 59
REFERENCES 59
DISCUSSION 59
CHAPTER 8. VERS: A TOOL FOR DCCS 60
INTRODUCTION 60
VAXELN 60
VERS 61
SYSTEM SETUP UNDER VERS 61
NON-VERS VAXELN PROGRAMS 62
AN EXAMPLE OF A REAL-TIME CONTROL SYSTEM IN VERS 62
COMMUNICATION WITH NON-VAXELN NODES 62
DISTRIBUTED CONTROL USING SEVERAL NODES 62
DATA LINKS BETWEEN SYSTEMS 63
EXAMPLE OF DISTRIBUTED CONTROL 63
CONCLUSIONS 63
LITERATURE 63
CHAPTER 9. ALPHORN: A TOOLBOX FOR FAULT-TOLERANT, DISTRIBUTED PROCESS CONTROL SYSTEMS 66
INTRODUCTION 66
DISTRIBUTED PROCESS CONTROL 66
PROGRAMMING STYLE 67
REMOTE PROCEDURE CALLS 68
STUBS 68
CONFIGURATION 69
RUNTIME AND DEBUGGING TOOLS 69
FAULT-TOLERANCE SUPPORT 70
CONCLUSION 71
REFERENCES 71
DISCUSSION 72
CHAPTER 10. A PROPOSAL FOR A DISTRIBUTED REAL TIME OPERATING SYSTEM SUPPORTING THE CLIENT/SERVER CONCEPT 74
1. Introduction 74
2. General Architecture of DRTOS 75
3. The Specification of the Program Invocation Agency: 77
4. Conclusions: 78
5. References: 78
DISCUSSION 78
PART 4: FAULT TOLERANCE AND ERROR RECOVERY 80
CHAPTER 11. DIVERSE AND SELECTIVE FAULT-TOLERANCE IN A DISTRIBUTED ENVIRONMENT 80
1. Introduction 80
2. Replication Techniques 81
3. Specification of Fault-Tolerance 83
4. Support for Replication 84
5. Conclusion 84
6. References 85
DISCUSSION 85
CHAPTER 12. ON DESIGNING A REAL TIME SYSTEM EXEMPT OF ANY TIMING FAILURE 86
IOTRODUCTION 86
BACKGROUND AND MAIN RESULTS 87
ACCEPTANCE TESTS FOR SPORADIC TASKS 88
THE DEADLINE MECHANISM 89
CONCLUSIONS 90
REFERENCES 90
CHAPTER 13. AN ANALYSIS OF ERROR RECOVERY PROBLEMS IN DISTRIBUTED COMPUTER CONTROL SYSTEMS 92
INTRODUCTION 92
DEFINITION OF TERMS 92
CLASSES OF SYSTEM 93
ERROR RECOVERY TECHNIQUES 94
BACKWARD ERROR RECOVERY 94
FORWARD ERROR RECOVERY 94
THE REQUIREMENT: REALTIME ERROR RECOVERY 95
PROBLEMS RECOVERY AND ISSUES OF REALTIME ERROR 95
CONCLUSION 96
REFERENCES 96
DISCUSSION 96
PART 5: AI TECHNIQUES IN DCCS 98
CHAPTER 14. A KNOWLEDGE-BASED SYSTEM EMBEDDED IN DISTRIBUTED REAL-TIME CONTROL 98
1. INTRODUCTION 98
2. EXPERT SYSTEMS VERSUS CONTROL 98
3. DISTRIBUTED APPROACH 99
4. TOOLS 99
ENVISAGE 99
MUSIC 99
5. APPLICATION 101
6. CONCLUSIONS 102
7. REFERENCES 103
CHAPTER 17. A COMMUNICATION PROTOCOL FOR DISTRIBUTED EXPERT SYSTEMS 104
INTRODUCTION 104
SURVEY ON EXISTING COMMUNICATION METHODS 105
THE "COMPOSITE OBJECTS" APPROACH 106
PROTOTYPE IMPLEMENTATION 107
CONCLUSION 109
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 109
REFERENCES 109
DISCUSSION 109
CHAPTER 18. STORMCAST — A DISTRIBUTED ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE APPLICATION FOR SEVERE STORM FORECASTING 110
INTRODUCTION 110
DISTRIBUTED ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE 110
EXPERT SYSTEMS IN WEATHER FORECASTING 110
STORMCAST - PREDICTING SEVERE STORMS 111
THE KNOWLEDGE LAYER 111
IMPLEMENTATION DETAILS 113
CONCLUDING REMARKS 113
REFERENCES 113
DISCUSSION 113
PART 6: DCCS IN CIM AND PROCESS CONTROL 114
CHAPTER 19. CIM AND CONTROL FUNCTIONS, HOW THEY ARE SERVICED BY NETWORK PROTOCOLS 114
GIM'S ARCHITECTURE AND NETWORKING HIERARCHY 114
THE OSI PROSPECT 115
SOME COMMENTS ON IEEE 502 116
THE DORMANT BEAUTY: ROUTINE BROADCAST 116
MAP UP-DATE 116
FIELD BUS STANDARDS 117
MULTIPROCESSOR HUB FOR LEVEL 3 119
CONCLUSION 119
REFERENCES 119
CHAPTER 20. TOTAL C.I.M. SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE FOR CONTINUOUS PROCESS INDUSTRIES AND DISTRIBUTED SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY 120
INTRODUCTION 120
CIM IN CONTINUOUS PROCESS INDUSTRIES 120
SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE 122
ON-LINE PROCESS DATABASE ACCESS 123
ON-LINE EXPERT SYSTEM 124
CONCLUSIONS 126
REFERENCE 126
DISCUSSION 126
CHAPTER 21. NETWORK MANAGEMENT AND CONTROL IN A DISTRIBUTED CIM ENVIRONMENT 128
1 Introduction 128
2 The BERCIM Environment 128
3 Quality of Service 129
4 Architecture of the BERCIM Communicati on System 129
5 The Management System 130
6 Conclusions: CIM and BERKOM Relevance 133
Acknowledgement 133
References 133
DISCUSSION 134
CHAPTER 22. IMPLEMENTATION OF A DISTRIBUTED COMPUTER CONTROL SYSTEM AT THE LOS ALAMOS PROTON STORAGE RING 136
Reasons for Changing the System 137
Future PSR Control system 137
Present State of the Conversion 139
Test Results on the Prototype System 139
Conclusions 140
References 140
ROUND TABLE DISCUSSIONS 142
PART 7: PANEL DISCUSSION 142
AUTHOR INDEX 144