Java EE 7 Tutorial, The, Volume 1

Eric Jendrock leads the Java EE Tutorial team at Oracle and documented Java Servlet technology as well as internationalization and localization. Ricardo Cervera-Navarro documented resource injection, WebSocket, JSON-P, and JAX-RS, and contributed Java Servlet examples. Ian Evans documented Bean Validation, JAX-RS, and JAX-WS. Kim Haase documented JavaServer Faces technology and CDI. William Markito, a former member of the Platform Technology Solutions group at Oracle, created examples for several technologies.

Preface xxix

Part I: Introduction 1

Chapter 1: Overview 3

1.1 Java EE 7 Platform Highlights 4

1.2 Java EE Application Model 5

1.3 Distributed Multitiered Applications 6

1.4 Java EE Containers 13

1.5 Web Services Support 15

1.6 Java EE Application Assembly and Deployment 17

1.7 Development Roles 17

1.8 Java EE 7 APIs 20

1.9 Java EE 7 APIs in the Java Platform, Standard Edition 7 30

1.10 GlassFish Server Tools 33

Chapter 2: Using the Tutorial Examples 35

2.1 Required Software 35

2.2 Starting and Stopping GlassFish Server 39

2.3 Starting the Administration Console. 40

2.4 Starting and Stopping the Java DB Server 40

2.5 Building the Examples 41

2.6 Tutorial Example Directory Structure 41

2.7 Java EE 7 Maven Archetypes in the Tutorial 42

2.8 Getting the Latest Updates to the Tutorial 43

2.9 Debugging Java EE Applications 44

Part II: Platform Basics 47

Chapter 3: Resource Creation 49

3.1 Resources and JNDI Naming 49

3.2 DataSource Objects and Connection Pools 50

3.3 Creating Resources Administratively 51

Chapter 4: Injection 53

4.1 Resource Injection 53

4.2 Dependency Injection 54

4.3 The Main Differences between Resource Injection and Dependency Injection 55

Chapter 5: Packaging 57

5.1 Packaging Applications 57

5.2 Packaging Enterprise Beans 59

5.3 Packaging Web Archives 61

5.4 Packaging Resource Adapter Archives 63

Part III: The Web Tier 65

Chapter 6: Getting Started with Web Applications 67

6.1 Web Applications 68

6.2 Web Application Lifecycle 69

6.3 A Web Module That Uses JavaServer Faces Technology: The hello1 Example 70

6.4 A Web Module That Uses Java Servlet Technology: The hello2 Example 77

6.5 Configuring Web Applications 81

6.6 Further Information about Web Applications 86

Chapter 7: JavaServer Faces Technology 87

7.1 What Is a JavaServer Faces Application? 88

7.2 JavaServer Faces Technology Benefits 89

7.3 A Simple JavaServer Faces Application 91

7.4 User Interface Component Model 92

7.5 Navigation Model 100

7.6 The Lifecycle of a JavaServer Faces Application 103

7.7 Partial Processing and Partial Rendering 110

7.8 Further Information about JavaServer Faces Technology 110

Chapter 8: Introduction to Facelets 111

8.1 What Is Facelets? 112

8.2 The Lifecycle of a Facelets Application 114

8.3 Developing a Simple Facelets Application: The guessnumber-jsf Example Application 115

8.4 Using Facelets Templates 121

8.5 Composite Components 124

8.6 Web Resources 127

8.7 Relocatable Resources 128

8.8 Resource Library Contracts 128

8.9 HTML5-Friendly Markup 132

Chapter 9: Expression Language 141

9.1 Overview of the EL 141

9.2 Immediate and Deferred Evaluation Syntax 142

9.3 Value and Method Expressions 144

9.4 Operations on Collection Objects 151

9.5 Operators 153

9.6 Reserved Words 154

9.7 Examples of EL Expressions 154

9.8 Further Information about the Expression Language 155

Chapter 10: Using JavaServer Faces Technology in Web Pages 157

10.1 Setting Up a Page 158

10.2 Adding Components to a Page Using HTML Tag Library Tags 159

10.3 Using Core Tags 192

Chapter 11: Using Converters, Listeners, and Validators 197

11.1 Using the Standard Converters 198

11.2 Registering Listeners on Components 203

11.3 Using the Standard Validators 207

11.4 Referencing a Managed Bean Method 209

Chapter 12: Developing with JavaServer Faces Technology 213

12.1 Managed Beans in JavaServer Faces Technology 213

12.2 Writing Bean Properties 216

12.3 Writing Managed Bean Methods 226

Chapter 13: Using Ajax with JavaServer Faces Technology 231

13.1 Overview of Ajax 232

13.2 Using Ajax Functionality with JavaServer Faces Technology 233

13.3 Using Ajax with Facelets 233

13.4 Sending an Ajax Request 236

13.5 Monitoring Events on the Client 238

13.6 Handling Errors 238

13.7 Receiving an Ajax Response 239

13.8 Ajax Request Lifecycle 240

13.9 Grouping of Components 240

13.10 Loading JavaScript as a Resource 241

13.11 The ajaxguessnumber Example Application 243

13.12 Further Information about Ajax in JavaServer Faces Technology 247

Chapter 14: Composite Components: Advanced Topics and an Example 249

14.1 Attributes of a Composite Component 249

14.2 Invoking a Managed Bean 251

14.3 Validating Composite Component Values 251

14.4 The compositecomponentexample Example Application 251

Chapter 15: Creating Custom UI Components and Other Custom Objects 257

15.1 Determining Whether You Need a Custom Component or Renderer 259

15.2 Understanding the Image Map Example 262

15.3 Steps for Creating a Custom Component 268

15.4 Creating Custom Component Classes 268

15.5 Delegating Rendering to a Renderer 278

15.6 Implementing an Event Listener 281

15.7 Handling Events for Custom Components 283

15.8 Defining the Custom Component Tag in a Tag Library Descriptor 284

15.9 Using a Custom Component 285

15.10 Creating and Using a Custom Converter 287

15.11 Creating and Using a Custom Validator 292

15.12 Binding Component Values and Instances to Managed Bean Properties 298

15.13 Binding Converters, Listeners, and Validators to Managed Bean Properties 303

Chapter 16: Configuring JavaServer Faces Applications 305

16.1 Using Annotations to Configure Managed Beans 306

16.2 Application Configuration Resource File 307

16.3 Using Faces Flows 311

16.4 Configuring Managed Beans 323

16.5 Registering Application Messages 332

16.6 Using Default Validators 335

16.7 Registering a Custom Validator 336

16.8 Registering a Custom Converter 337

16.9 Configuring Navigation Rules 337

16.10 Registering a Custom Renderer with a Render Kit 340

16.11 Registering a Custom Component 342

16.12 Basic Requirements of a JavaServer Faces Application 343

Chapter 17: Java Servlet Technology 351

17.1 What Is a Servlet? 352

17.2 Servlet Lifecycle 352

17.3 Sharing Information 354

17.4 Creating and Initializing a Servlet 356

17.5 Writing Service Methods 356

17.6 Filtering Requests and Responses 359

17.7 Invoking Other Web Resources 363

17.8 Accessing the Web Context 365

17.9 Maintaining Client State 365

17.10 Finalizing a Servlet 367

17.11 Uploading Files with Java Servlet Technology 370

17.12 Asynchronous Processing 372

17.13 Nonblocking I/O 375

17.14 Protocol Upgrade Processing 378

17.15 The mood Example Application 381

17.16 The fileupload Example Application 383

17.17 The dukeetf Example Application 388

17.18 Further Information about Java Servlet Technology 394

Chapter 18: Java API for WebSocket 395

18.1 Introduction to WebSocket 396

18.2 Creating WebSocket Applications in the Java EE Platform 397

18.3 Programmatic Endpoints 398

18.4 Annotated Endpoints 399

18.5 Sending and Receiving Messages 400

18.6 Maintaining Client State 402

18.7 Using Encoders and Decoders 403

18.8 Path Parameters 406

18.9 Handling Errors 407

18.10 Specifying an Endpoint Configurator Class 407

18.11 The dukeetf2 Example Application 408

18.12 The websocketbot Example Application 413

18.13 Further Information about WebSocket 420

Chapter 19: JSON Processing 421

19.1 Introduction to JSON 421

19.2 JSON Processing in the Java EE Platform 423

19.3 Using the Object Model API 425

19.4 Using the Streaming API 429

19.5 JSON in Java EE RESTful Web Services 431

19.6 The jsonpmodel Example Application 432

19.7 The jsonpstreaming Example Application 434

19.8 Further Information about the Java API for JSON Processing 436

Chapter 20: Internationalizing and Localizing Web Applications 437

20.1 Java Platform Localization Classes 437

20.2 Providing Localized Messages and Labels 438

20.3 Date and Number Formatting 441

20.4 Character Sets and Encodings 442

Part IV: Bean Validation 445

Chapter 21: Introduction to Bean Validation 447

21.1 Using Bean Validation Constraints 447

21.2 Validating Null and Empty Strings 450

21.3 Validating Constructors and Methods 451

21.4 Further Information about Bean Validation 454

Chapter 22: Bean Validation: Advanced Topics 455

22.1 Creating Custom Constraints 455

22.2 Customizing Validator Messages 457

22.3 Grouping Constraints 457

22.4 Using Method Constraints in Type Hierarchies 458

Part V: Contexts and Dependency Injection for Java EE 461

Chapter 23: Introduction to Contexts and Dependency Injection for Java EE 463

23.1 Getting Started 464

23.2 Overview of CDI 466

23.3 About Beans 467

23.4 About CDI Managed Beans 468

23.5 Beans as Injectable Objects 468

23.6 Using Qualifiers 469

23.7 Injecting Beans 470

23.8 Using Scopes 471

23.9 Giving Beans EL Names 473

23.10 Adding Setter and Getter Methods 473

23.11 Using a Managed Bean in a Facelets Page 474

23.12 Injecting Objects by Using Producer Methods 474

23.13 Configuring a CDI Application 475

23.14 Using the @PostConstruct and @PreDestroy Annotations with CDI Managed Bean Classes 476

23.15 Further Information about CDI 477

Chapter 24: Running the Basic Contexts and Dependency Injection Examples 479

24.1 The simplegreeting CDI Example 479

24.2 The guessnumber-cdi CDI Example 483

Chapter 25: Contexts and Dependency Injection for Java EE: Advanced Topics 493

25.1 Packaging CDI Applications 493

25.2 Using Alternatives in CDI Applications 494

25.3 Using Producer Methods, Producer Fields, and Disposer Methods in CDI Applications 497

25.4 Using Predefined Beans in CDI Applications 499

25.5 Using Events in CDI Applications 501

25.6 Using Interceptors in CDI Applications 504

25.7 Using Decorators in CDI Applications 506

25.8 Using Stereotypes in CDI Applications 507

Chapter 26: Running the Advanced Contexts and Dependency Injection Examples 511

26.1 The encoder Example: Using Alternatives 511

26.2 The producermethods Example: Using a Producer Method to Choose a Bean Implementation 517

26.3 The producerfields Example: Using Producer Fields to Generate Resources 520

26.4 The billpayment Example: Using Events and Interceptors 527

26.5 The decorators Example: Decorating a Bean 535

Part VI: Web Services 539

Chapter 27: Introduction to Web Services 541

27.1 What Are Web Services? 541

27.2 Types of Web Services 541

27.3 Deciding Which Type of Web Service to Use 544

Chapter 28: Building Web Services with JAX-WS 545

28.1 Creating a Simple Web Service and Clients with JAX-WS 546

28.2 Types Supported by JAX-WS 555

28.3 Web Services Interoperability and JAX-WS 557

28.4 Further Information about JAX-WS 558

Chapter 29: Building RESTful Web Services with JAX-RS 559

29.1 What Are RESTful Web Services? 559

29.2 Creating a RESTful Root Resource Class 561

29.3 Example Applications for JAX-RS 578

29.4 Further Information about JAX-RS 583

Chapter 30: Accessing REST Resources with the JAX-RS Client API 585

30.1 Overview of the Client API 585

30.2 Using the Client API in the JAX-RS Example Applications 589

30.3 Advanced Features of the Client API 592

Chapter 31: JAX-RS: Advanced Topics and an Example 597

31.1 Annotations for Field and Bean Properties of Resource Classes 598

31.2 Validating Resource Data with Bean Validation 601

31.3 Subresources and Runtime Resource Resolution 604

31.4 Integrating JAX-RS with EJB Technology and CDI 606

31.5 Conditional HTTP Requests 608

31.6 Runtime Content Negotiation 609

31.7 Using JAX-RS with JAXB 611

31.8 The customer Example Application 618

Index 627