Elementary Statistics

Ron Larson received his Ph.D. in mathematics from the University of Colorado in 1970. At that time he accepted a position with Penn State University, and he currently holds the rank of professor of mathematics at the university. Larson is the lead author of more than two dozen mathematics textbooks that range from sixth grade through calculus levels. Many of his texts, such as the tenth edition of his calculus text, are leaders in their markets. Larson is also one of the pioneers in the use of multimedia and the Internet to enhance the learning of mathematics. He has authored multimedia programs, extending from the elementary school through calculus levels. Larson is a member of several professional groups and is a frequent speaker at national and regional mathematics meetings.   Betsy Farber received her Bachelor’s degree in mathematics from Penn State University and her Master’s degree in mathematics from the College of New Jersey. Since 1976, she has been teaching all levels of mathematics at Bucks County Community College in Newtown, Pennsylvania, where she currently holds the rank of professor. She is particularly interested in developing new ways to make statistics relevant and interesting to her students and has been teaching statistics in many different modes—with the TI-84 Plus, with MINITAB, and by distance learning as well as in the traditional classroom. A member of the American Mathematical Association of Two-Year Colleges (AMATYC), she is an author of The Student Edition of MINITAB and A Guide to MINITAB. She served as consulting editor for Statistics: A First Course and has written computer tutorials for the CD-ROM correlating to the texts in the Street Series in mathematics.

PART ONE. DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS

 

1. Introduction to Statistics

1.1. An Overview of Statistics

1.2. Data Classification

            Case Study: Rating Television Shows in the

            United States

1.3. Data Collection and Experimental Design

            Activity: Random Numbers

            Uses and Abuses

Chapter Summary

Review Exercises

Chapter Quiz

Chapter Test

            Real Statistics-Real Decisions-Putting It All Together

            History of Statistics-Timeline

            Technology: Using Technology in Statistics

 

2. Descriptive Statistics

2.1. Frequency Distributions and Their Graphs

2.2. More Graphs and Displays

2.3. Measures of Central Tendency

            Activity: Mean Versus Median

2.4. Measures of Variation

            Activity: Standard Deviation

            Case Study: Business Size

2.5. Measures of Position

            Uses and Abuses

Chapter Summary

Review Exercises

Chapter Quiz

Chapter Test

            Real Statistics-Real Decisions-Putting It All Together

            Technology: Parking Tickets

            Using Technology to Determine Descriptive

            Statistics

 

Cumulative Review: Chapters 1 and 2

 

PART TWO. PROBABILITY & PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTIONS

 

3. Probability

3.1. Basic Concepts of Probability and Counting

            Activity: Simulating the Stock Market

3.2. Conditional Probability and the Multiplication Rule

3.3. The Addition Rule

            Activity: Simulating the Probability of Rolling a 3 or 4

            Case Study: United States Congress

3.4. Additional Topics in Probability and Counting

            Uses and Abuses

Chapter Summary

Review Exercises

Chapter Quiz

Chapter Test

            Real Statistics-Real Decisions-Putting It All Together

            Technology: Simulation: Composing Mozart

            Variations with Dice

 

4. Discrete Probability Distributions

4.1. Probability Distributions

4.2. Binomial Distributions

            Activity: Binomial Distribution

            Case Study: Distribution of Number of Hits in

            Baseball Games

4.3. More Discrete Probability Distributions

            Uses and Abuses

Chapter Summary

Review Exercises

Chapter Quiz

Chapter Test

            Real Statistics-Real Decisions-Putting It All Together

            Technology: Simulation: Using Poisson

            Distributions as Queuing Models

 

5. Normal Probability Distributions

5.1. Introduction to Normal Distributions and the Standard Normal Distribution

5.2. Normal Distributions: Finding Probabilities

5.3. Normal Distributions: Finding Values

            Case Study: Birth Rates in America

5.4. Sampling Distributions and the Central Limit Theorem

            Activity: Sampling Distributions

5.5. Normal Approximations to Binomial Distributions

            Uses and Abuses

Chapter Summary

Review Exercises

Chapter Quiz

Chapter Test

            Real Statistics-Real Decisions-Putting It All Together

            Technology: Simulation: Age Distribution in the

            United States

 

Cumulative Review: Chapters 3 to 5

 

PART THREE. STATISTICAL INFERENCE

 

6. Confidence Intervals

6.1. Confidence Intervals for the Mean (¡ Known)

6.2. Confidence Intervals for the Mean (¡ Unknown)

            Activity: Confidence Intervals for a Mean

            Case Study: Marathon Training

6.3. Confidence Intervals for Population Proportions

            Activity: Confidence Intervals for a Proportion

6.4. Confidence Intervals for Variance and Standard Deviation

            Uses and Abuses

Chapter Summary

Review Exercises

Chapter Quiz

Chapter Test

            Real Statistics-Real Decisions-Putting It All Together

            Technology: Simulation: Most Admired Polls

            Using Technology to Construct Confidence

            Intervals

 

7. Hypothesis Testing with One Sample

7.1. Introduction to Hypothesis Testing

7.2. Hypothesis Testing for the Mean (¡ Known)

 

7.3. Hypothesis Testing for the Mean (¡ Unknown)

            Activity: Hypothesis Test for a Mean

            Case Study: Human Body Temperature: What's

            Normal?

7.4. Hypothesis Testing for Proportions

            Activity: Hypothesis Test for a Proportion

7.5. Hypothesis Testing for Variance and Standard Deviation

A Summary of Hypothesis Testing

            Uses and Abuses

Chapter Summary

Review Exercises

Chapter Quiz

Chapter Test

            Real Statistics-Real Decisions-Putting It All Together

            Technology: The Case of the Vanishing Women

            Using Technology to Perform Hypothesis Tests

 

8. Hypothesis Testing with Two Samples

8.1. Testing the Difference Between Means (Independent Samples, ¡1 and ¡2 Known)

8.2. Testing the Difference Between Means (Independent Samples, ¡1 and ¡2 Unknown)

8.3. Testing the Difference Between Means (Dependent Samples)

8.4. Testing the Difference Between Proportions

A Summary of Hypothesis Testing

            Uses and Abuses

Chapter Summary

Review Exercises

Chapter Quiz

Chapter Test

            Real Statistics-Real Decisions-Putting It All Together

            Technology: Tails over Heads

            Using Technology to Perform Two-Sample

            Hypothesis Tests

 

Cumulative Review: Chapters 6 to 8

 

 

PART FOUR. MORE STATISTICAL INFERENCE

 

9. Correlation and Regression

9.1 Correlation

            Activity: Correlation by Eye

9.2. Linear Regression

            Activity: Regression by Eye

            Case Study: Correlation by Body Measurements

9.3. Measures of Regression and Prediction Intervals

9.4. Multiple Regression

A Summary of Hypothesis Testing

            Uses and Abuses

Chapter Summary

Review Exercises

Chapter Quiz

Chapter Test

            Real Statistics-Real Decisions-Putting It All Together

            Technology: Nutrients in Breakfast Cereals

 

10. Chi-Square Tests and the F-Distribution

10.1. Goodness-of-Fit Test

10.2. Independence

            Case Study: Food Safety Survey

10.3. Comparing Two Variances

10.4. Analysis of Variance

            Uses and Abuses

Chapter Summary

Review Exercises

Chapter Quiz

Chapter Test

            Real Statistics-Real Decisions-Putting It All Together

            Technology: Teacher Salaries

 

Cumulative Review: Chapters 9 and 10

 

11. Nonparametric Tests

(Online Only: Download from MyStatLab or  www.pearsonhighered.com/mathstatsresources)

11.1. The Sign Test

11.2. The Wilcoxon Tests

            Case Study: College Ranks

11.3. The Kruskal-Wallis Test

11.4. Rank Correlation

11.5. The Runs Test

            Uses and Abuses

Chapter Summary

Review Exercises

Chapter Quiz

Chapter Test

            Real Statistics-Real Decisions-Putting It All Together

            Technology: U.S. Income and Economic

            Research