The FreeBSD Corporate Networker's Guide

Ted Mittelstaedt is the Network Operations Center Director at Internet Partners, Inc., in Portland, Oregon. Previously, he was the IS Manager at Portland Software, Senior Developer at Computers Plus, and Senior Systems Administrator at Symantec. He has been using FreeBSD commercially since its initial release. A well-known expert, Mittelstaedt writes networking articles for Computer Bits magazine, wrote most of the FAQs for www.sendmail.net, and frequently contributes to the Usenet newsgroup--comp.unix.bsd.freebsd.misc. 0201704811AB04062001

Preface.


Acknowledgments.


1. FreeBSD Serving Windows Networks.


Tasks of a FreeBSD Server in a Windows Network.



Domain Name System or Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol.



Internet Connectivity, Wide Area Networks, and Dialup.



Web Serving.



File Serving.



Printserving.



Electronic Mail.



Commercial Databases.



FreeBSD versus Windows User Interfaces.



Character-Based Interfaces.



Configuration Files.



File Manipulation, Wildcards, and Special Characters.



Logging In.



The Root Account.



System Permissions and File Ownership.



Text File Differences.



Control Characters and Escape Sequences.



Shells.



Selecting FreeBSD Hardware.



Physical Layout Security.



FreeBSD Installation Media.



Dual Booting Windows NT and FreeBSD.



2. DNS, DHCP, and TCP/IP on the Corporate LAN.


Internet Protocol Design Viewpoint.



Initial Networking Considerations.



IP Number Range.



Automatic Numbering — DHCP.



Installing the ISC DHCP Server.



Domain Name System.



DNS's Relation to DHCP.



Client DNS Queries.



Server DNS Queries.



WINS versus DNS.



Your DNS Name.



Registries.



The Microsoft Networking Client and SMB.



NetBIOS over TCP/IP.



Server Messaging Blocks.



TCP/IP Services.



E-Mail.



Directory Services.



Web.



FTP.



Dialup.



Internal Organization Subnetting.



Basic Setup of IP Clients.



TCP/IP on DOS.



TCP/IP on OS/2.



TCP/IP on Win3.1.



TCP/IP on WfW3.11.



Win95/98.



WinNT.



Macintosh Operating System.



TCP/IP Windows Network and Application Programs.



Archie.



FTP.



Trivial FTP.



Telnet.



Secure Shell.



Usenet News.



Ping.



Finger.



Nslookup.



whois.



tar.



RSH/RCP.



X -Windows Software.



Other TCP/IP Utilities.



Other References.



3. FreeBSD Installation.


Obtaining Installation CDs.



Installing Nonproduction Versions of FreeBSD.



Dual-booting Windows NT and FreeBSD.



Preinstallation.



Step-by-Step Installation.



Basic Installation — Phase 1.



Troubleshooting.



Installation Phase 2.



Installation Phase 3.



Installation Phase 4.



X.



PPP Installation.



Manual PPPD Connection.



Diskless Boot.



FreeBSD Support for UPSs.



Kernel Recompilation.



Special Hard Drive Configuration.



Asynchronous Mounting.



Soft Updates.



Large Inode Counts.



General Troubleshooting.



Note on Tape Installation.



Other References.



4. Basic FreeBSD System Administration.


Quick Environment Setup.



Shells.



Initial Environment Variables.



Job Control.



Terminal Access.



Hardware Terminal Access.



User Accounts.



Breaking Root.



Migrating Password Files.



Redirection and Piping.



UNIX Equivalents of DOS Commands.



Common User Commands.



Common Superuser Commands.



Manually Compiling Software.



Backups.



Reviewing Daily Logs.



UNIX System Administration Books.



5. Internet Connectivity — Corporate WANS.


Will You Connect?



How to Choose an Internet Serviced Provider.



What Are We Plugging in To?



Peering Agreements.



Multihoming.



Portable Internet Protocol Addressing.



Where Is the Bandwidth Needed?



Hop Counts.



Where Does the ISP Connect To?



ISPs: Bigger Is Sometimes Better.



Shopper's Checklist.



Security and Firewalling.



Packet Filtering and IPFW.



Cisco Router Setup.



The Security Attitude.



Security Tasks.



Proxy Serving and IP Address Translation.



SOCKS5 Proxies.



HTTP Proxies.



Network Address Translation.



FreeBSD Routers.



Basic Routing.



Routed Packet Movement.



Routing Protocols.



Simple Routing With A PC.



The End-Node Hardware Routing Scenario.



Managing Your Cisco Router.



6. Web Serving.


Internets and Intranets.



Web Server History.



The Apache Web Server.



Apache QuickStart.



External Web Publishing Considerations.



Internal Web Publishing Considerations.



Editors.



Windows Web Publishing Tools.



Minimalist Web Publishing Tools.



VI HTML Tool.



7. Fileserving with SAMBA.


The FreeBSD Filesystem.



Device Files.



Soft Links.



Hard Links.



Samba System Overview.



The SMB and NetBIOS Protocols.



Microsoft Networking Client Installations.



DOS.



Windows 3.1.



Windows for Workgroups 3.11.



Windows 95.



Windows 98.



Windows Millennium.



Windows NT.



The NET Command and Logins under Samba.



Other Microsoft Networking Client Tools.



Network Browsing Issues.



What Is Network Browsing?



What Is NetBIOS Nameserving?



Broadcast Forwarding.



Installing the Samba Software.



Modifying the smb.conf File.



Filesharing from the Samba Server.



DOS and Windows-to-UNIX Permissions.



Running Microsoft Access on Samba.



Encrypted Passwords.



8. Printserving.


PC Printing History.



Printer Communication Protocols and Hardware.



ASCII Printing Protocol.



Postscript Printing Protocol.



HPPCL Printing Protocol.



Network Printing Basics.



Printservers.



Print Spools.



Setting Up LPR on Windows Clients.



Windows 3.1 and Windows for Workgroups 3.11.



Installation of LPR Client on Windows 95/98.



Installation of LPR Client under Windows NT.



Windows NT Registry Changes.



Printing PostScript and DOS Command Files.



Checking PostScript Printer Capabilities.



Setting Up LPR on FreeBSD.



Creating the Spools.



Additional Spool Capabilities.



Printing to Hardware Print Server Boxes or Remote Print Servers.



Printing Raw UNIX Text with a Filter.



The pr Filter.



Printing PostScript Banner Pages with a Filter.



Printer Accounting.



Microsoft Networking Client Printing with Samba.



Client Access Issues.



Printer Entries in Configuration Files.



Printing between NT Server or NetWare and FreeBSD.



Printing from UNIX.



Managing the UNIX Print Queue.



Viewing the Queue.



Removing Print Jobs.



Advanced Management.



Remote Management.



Advanced Printing Topics.



Ghostscript.



a2ps Filter.



Miscellaneous.



9. Electronic Mail.


Fundamentals of Microsoft Internet Mail.



Simple Transport.



Return Receipts.



Split Processing.



ASCII and Eight-Bit Character Sets.



Case Sensitivity.



Mail Address Usernames.



Attachments.



Mail Directories under FreeBSD.



Internet Mail Protocols.



SMTP.



POP3.



IMAP.



IMAP versus POP3.



MIME.



UUENCODE.



UUCP.



LDAP.



ph.



whois.



finger.



popassd.



Common Internet Mail AdministrativeTasks.



Windows Internet Mail Client Installation.



MS Internet Mail Clients.



MS Internet Mail Client Gotchas.



Eudora.



Netscape Messenger.



Other Mail Client Programs.



Hard and Soft Returns.



Basic Sendmail Installation on FreeBSD.



The Differences between From, From:, and Reply-To:.



Masquerading.



The Qualcomm POP3 Server.



Status Line.



Changing User Passwords.



Directory Service Usage.



Address Book Replication.



finger.



Installing the Reference LDAP Directory Server.



Installing the Open LDAP Directory Server.



Populating the Database in the LDAP Server.



Setting Up Outlook 98 to Use LDAP.



Setting Up Netscape Messenger to Use LDAP.



Setting Up Eudora with ph to Use LDAP.



Connecting the Mailserver to the Internet.



Circuit and Routing Issues.



NAT Considerations.



Listing the Mailserver in the DNS.



Internic Registration.



Troubleshooting.



Mailing Lists.



Alias Mailing.



Installing The Majordomo Listserver.



Web Mail Interface.



Vacation Autoresponder.



Hylafax.



Popper Bulletin Boards.



10. FreeBSD Advocacy.


History of FreeBSD.



FreeBSD's Relationship to Linux.



Why Use FreeBSD?



Deciding to Use FreeBSD in Production.



Freeness.



Supportability and Liability of Open Source Packages.



What Is FreeBSD Advocacy?



The Role of Hobby Users in Software Development.



The Engine that Drives Development.



The Antitrust Suit against Microsoft.



Backlash against MS Windows.



A Final Word about Open Source Software.



Index.