Cisco Certification

Andrew Bruce Caslow is both a CCIE and a Certified Cisco Instructor based in northern Virginia. Andrew has worked with Cisco technologies for more than seven years, with an emphasis on IP routing and switching in the service provider arena. Valeriy Pavlichenko is a Senior Consulting Engineer based in northern Virginia. Valeriy has been working with Cisco routers since 1995. His area of expertise is general IP and UNIX networking, with a special focus on Internet service provider technologies.

1. Introduction to CCIE Certification.


The Influence of the OSI Model. The Influence of Graduate School Examination Testing Formats. What This Book Does Not Cover. CCIE Test Nondisclosure Policy. The Cisco Website. The Origins of This Book. CCIE Defined. Routing and Switching. ISP/Dial. WAN Switching. The CCIE Written Exam. The CCIE Hands-On Lab. Six Key Ingredients for CCIE Certification Success. Roadmap of This Book. Level One: Physical and Data-link Layer Configuration Tasks. Level One Topics Include. Level Two: Configuring IP Addressing, IP IGP Routing Protocols, and Redistribution. Level Two Topics Include. Level Three: Configuring IP Exterior Gateway Protocols. Level Three Topics Include. Level Four: Configuring non-IP Routing Protocols. Level Four Topics Include. Level Five: Configuring Nonroutable Protocols. Level Five Topics Include. Level Six: Managing Internetwork Traffic. Level Six Topics Include. Working Through the Six Levels and Working with the IOS. User Mode. Privileged Mode. Configuration Mode. A Warm Up “Issue Spotting” Scenario. Spotting Issues and Listing Configuration Steps. Summary.



2. Getting Started.


A Rack of Routers and Switches Is Your Tabula Rasa? The Cisco End-to-End Solution. Core, Distribution, and Access. The Cisco Hierarchical Internetworking Model. The Core-Level. The Distribution Level. The Access-Level. Scalability. Redundancy. Limit the Scope of Failure. Facilitates Traffic Control. Initial Inspection of Routers and Switches. Cisco Router and LightStream 1010 Boot-Up Process. Catalyst 5000 Boot-Up Process. Cisco Systems Console. Perform a Show Version on a Router. Record the IOS Loaded on the Router. Performing a Show Version on a Catalyst Switch. Remotely Connecting to a Router or Switch. Accessing a Router or Switch Via a TELNET Session. Accessing a Router or Switch Via an Asynchronous Modem Connection. Accessing a Router or Switch Via a Network Management Station. Accessing a Router or Switch Via a Terminal Server. Line Command Configuration. IP Address Configuration. Configuring IP Host Table. Troubleshooting the Terminal Server. Make Sure the Routers and Switches Have the Default Configurations Only. Assign Your Routers and Switches a Name. If No DNS Server Is Supplied, Disable DNS Lookups on the Routers. Cisco IOS Shortcuts. Summary. Professional Development Checklist. For Further Study. Can You Spot the Issues?



3. General Guidelines for Cisco Router Interface and Catalyst Port Configuration.


Introduction to Router Interfaces. The Taxonomy of Cisco Router Interfaces. Core-Level Routers. The Cisco 7500 Router Family. The Cisco 7200 Router Family. The Cisco 12000 Router Family. Cisco Catalyst 5000 Route Switch Module. Cisco Catalyst 8500 Layer Three Switch Router. Distribution-Level Routers. Access-Level Routers. Specialized Routers. Remote-Access Routers. The Voice/Data Integration Routers. Interface Overview Summary. Basic IOS Tools Used to Monitor Status. Default Router Interface Configuration. Overview of Router Interface States. Special Characteristics of Cisco Router LAN Interfaces Ethernet. Fast-Ethernet. Token-Ring. WAN Interfaces. Synchronous Serial Interfaces. Determining DTE and DCE Interfaces. Other WAN Interfaces. ATM Interfaces. ISDN Interfaces. Asynchronous Interfaces. Virtual Interfaces. Subinterfaces. Subinterfaces and Frame-Relay. Subinterfaces and ATM. Subinterfaces and Fast Ethernet/ISL. Changing Existing Subinterfaces. Channelized T-1 and T-3 Interfaces. Loopback Interfaces. Dialer Interfaces. Tunnel Interfaces. Bridge Virtual Interface. Null Interfaces. Using the Cisco Discovery Protocol. Mapping Network Layer Addresses to Data-Link Addresses. Manual Map Statements. Dialer Map. Frame-Relay Map. Map-Lists. Dynamic Mapping Protocols. Ports and Interfaces on a Catalyst 5000. Summary. Professional Development Checklist. For Further Study. Can You Spot the Issues?



4. Configuring Frame-Relay: “To Map or Not to Map? That is the Question?.”


Configuring Frame-Relay on a Cisco Router. The Minimum Frame-Relay Configuration: Encapsulation Frame-Relay and Inverse ARP. A Word of Caution About Inverse ARP. A Frame-Relay Configuration Supporting Multiple Sites. Headquarters. Satellite Office One. Satellite Office Two. The Limitations of Inverse ARP. Solutions to the Limitations of Inverse ARP. Adding a PVC Between the Two Spokes: The Full-Mesh Solution. Using Frame-Relay Map Statements. Satellite One Configuration. Satellite Two Configuration. A Word of Caution When Using Frame-Relay Map Statements. Configuring Frame-Relay Point-to-Point Subinterfaces. Satellite One. Satellite Two. General Rules of Frame-Relay Subinterfaces. Point-to-Point Subinterfaces. Multipoint Subinterfaces. The “Frame-Relay Interface DLCI” Statement. Routing over Frame-Relay. Distance Vector Routing Protocols and Split-Horizon. OSPF and Network Type Mismatches. Survey the Primary Combinations. All Physical Interfaces. Configuring a Hub and Spoke Frame-Relay Configuration with Frame-Relay Map Statements and No Frame-Relay Subinterfaces Revisited. SPOKE-1. SPOKE-2. HQ. SUMMARY. All Subinterfaces Using Frame-Relay Interface DLCI Statements Only. SPOKE-1. SPOKE-2. HQ. Physical Interface at the Hub and Point-to-Point Subinterfaces at the Spoke. SPOKE-1. SPOKE-2. HQ. Multipoint Subinterface at the Hub and Physical Interfaces at the Spokes. SPOKE-1. SPOKE-2. HQ. Point-to-Point Subinterfaces at the Hub. Frame-Relay Interface DLCI vs Frame-Relay Map. Configuring a Router as a Frame-Relay Switch. Full-Mesh Frame-Relay Switch Configuration Script. Hub and Spoke Frame-Relay Switch Configuration Script. Checking Status of DLCIs on a Frame-Relay Switch. LMI. Show Frame-Relay LMI. Cisco IOS vs 11.2 LMI Auto-Sensing. Suggested Configuration Strategies for Frame-Relay. Other Frame-Relay Topics to Review. Summary. Professional Development Checklist. For Further Study. Can You Spot the Issues?



5. Configuring ISDN and Dial-on-Demand Routing.


ISDN Overview. ISDN Components. ISDN Layers. Dial-on-Demand Routing Overview. Configuring ISDN on Cisco Routers. ISDN Syntax Overview. Selecting the ISDN Switch-Type. ISDN PRI Interface Configuration. ISDN Interface Configuration Commands. ISDN SHOW Commands. ISDN Debug Commands. Call Setup. Calling Party. Called Party. Call Teardown. Calling Party Disconnecting. Called Party Disconnecting. Line is Busy. No Channels Are Available. ISDN Configuration Summary. Configuring DDR. Knowing Frame-Relay Helps You Learn DDR. DDR Overview. DDR Syntax Overview. Using Dialer-List and Dialer-Group. The Minimum ISDN/DDR Configuration. ROUTER-1#show run. ROUTER-2#show run. Global Configuration Commands. Interface Configuration Commands. The Limitations of Using the Dial String Command. Using a Dialer String Configuration for Connecting to Multiple Sites. Using Dialer Map Statements with PPP. HEADQUARTERS Configuration (The Calling Party). SATELLITE-1 Configuration (The Called Party). Using PPP. PPP Advanced Configuration Parameters. PPP Authentication. Configuration for Router HEADQUARTERS. Configuration for Router SATELLITE-1. HEADQUARTERS Interface Configuration. SATELLITE-1 Interface Configuration. DDR Physical Interface Commands. Incrementally Adding Complexity to the Dialer Map Statement: Adding the Broadcast Parameter. Other Commonly Used Dialer Interface Configuration Commands. Dialer Profiles. The Benefits of Dialer Profiles. Dialer Profile Configuration Requirements. Configuration of the Physical BRI/ASYNC Interface. Configuration of a Logical Dialer Interface. Optional MAP-CLASS Configuration. Minimal Dialer Profile Configuration. Configuring PPP CHAP Authentication with Dialer Profiles. Routing Traffic over ISDN/DDR. Using Static Routes and Restrictive Dialer-List Statements. Snapshot Routing. Configuring SNAPSHOT Routing over ISDN/DDR. Configuring the SNAPSHOT Client. Configuring the Snapshot Server. Debugging SNAPSHOT Routing. OSPF and DDR. OSPF over ISDN/DDR Without ON-DEMAND CIRCUIT. OSPF over ISDN/DDR with ON-DEMAND CIRCUIT. Dial Backup. Troubleshooting ISDN. Summary. Professional Development Checklist. For Further Study. Can You Spot the Issues?



6. Configuring the Catalyst 5000 and VLANs.


Comparing the Catalyst 5000 to the Catalyst 8500. Comparing the Catalyst 5000 Family of Switches to the Constellation of Cisco Catalyst Switches. Catalyst Switches Originating from the Grand Junction Acquisition. Catalyst Switches Originating from the Kalpana Acquisition. Catalyst Switches Originating from the Crescendo Acquisition. Cisco Internally Developed Catalyst Switches. How the Catalyst LAN Switching Process Differs from a Conventional Routing Process. Collision Domains and Broadcast Domains. State-of-the-Art Internetwork Hierarchy of the Early 1990s. Access-Level: Shared Ethernet LANs. Distribution Level: Routers. Core Level: FDDI. State-of-the-Art Internetwork Hierarchy for the Twenty-first Century. Access Level: Switched Ethernet 10/100 Mpbs VLANs. Distribution Level: Layer Three Switching Performed by a Routing Process. Core Level: High-Speed Switching. Trunking versus Routing. Loop Avoidance in a Multiswitch Network: The Spanning Tree Protocol. Scalable Trunking Environments and VTP. Catalyst 5000 User Interface. Similarities Between the Catalyst 5000 User Interface and the Router IOS. Differences Between the Catalyst 5000 Interface and the Router IOS. Getting Help on a Catalyst 5000. CATALYST Syntax. Key Catalyst 5000 Show Commands. Show config. Show System. Show vlan. Show cam. Show port. Show mac. Show port spantree. Show vtp domain. Show trunk. Sh version. Show Modules. Set and Clear Commands. Configuring the SC0 Interface. Testing and Accessing the SC0 Interface. Set VTP Domain. Set Trunk. Set VLAN. Set and Clear Spanning Tree Protocol Parameters. Set Port. Routing Between VLANs. Running Config on a Route Switch Module with VLANs Created. Basic Catalyst 5000 Troubleshooting. Summary. Professional Development Checklist. For Further Study. Can You Spot the Issues?



7. Configuring ATM.


ATM and Frame-Relay Compared. Similarities Between ATM and Frame-Relay. Differences Between ATM and Frame-Relay. ATM and ISDN Compared. Similarities Between ATM and ISDN. Differences Between ATM and ISDN. ATM Overview. ATM Interface Types. ATM Classes of Service. ATM Adaptive Layer (AAL) Types. Cisco's Implementation of ATM. Configuring ATM PVCs with the Cisco IOS. PVC Configuration on a Cisco Router or Catalyst LANE Module. Manual VPI/VCI Configuration on the Lightstream ATM Switch. Using show atm status. Configuring PVCs Between Multiple Sites. Routing over ATM PVCs. Configuring ATM SVCs. The ATM NSAP Address. Required PVCs for Cisco SVC Connections. ATM Addressing and ILMI. ATM Signaling and ATM SVCs. Calling Party ATM Signaling Messages. Using Map-Lists for SVCs. Introduction to ATM Classical IP and ATM LANE. Classical IP Overview. Configuring Classical IP. ATM LANE Overview. Overview of LANE Components. Trunking with ATM LANE. Configuring ATM LANE in a Cisco Environment. Cisco LANE NSAP Addressing Rules. Configuring the LAN Emulation Configuration Server (LECS). Configuring the LightStream 1010 to Announce the LECS Address to LECs. LAN Emulation Server (LES)/Broadcast Unknown Server (BUS) Configuration. Configuring the LAN Emulation Client (LEC). LEC Activation. Special Issues Involving LANE Configuration on a Catalyst 5000 LANE Module. Using the Dual PHY LANE Modules in a Catalyst 5000. More LANE Configuration Information. Troubleshooting ATM. Summary. Professional Development Checklist. For Further Study. Can You Spot the Issues?



8. Level One Summary.


Be Incremental in Performing Your Configuration. Troubleshoot Both Sides of a Connection. Measure Your Comfort Level with the Material of Level One.



9. IP Addressing and the IP Routing Process.


A Brief History of the Evolution of IP Addressing. IP Addressing Overview. IP Address Classes. Summary of IP Address Classes. Subnetting. Variable Length Subnet Masks (VLSM). Summarization. Summarization Tools. Using the Route Summarization Graph. Using a Binary to Decimal Table for Route Summarization. Classless Interdomain Routing (CIDR). IP Addressing and the IP Routing Process. Building Routing Tables. Maintaining Routing Tables. Switching Packets on the Longest Match in the Routing Table. The Anatomy of a Cisco IP Routing Table. Column One:?Source of Routing Table Entry. Column Two:?Destination IP Prefix with Subnet Mask Information. Column Three:?Administrative Distance. Column Four:?Metric. Column Five:?Next Hop of Packet/Source of Routing Information. Column Six:?Age of the Routing Table Entry. Column Seven:?Local INTERFACE to Switch Packet On. Options of Show IP Route. Using Debug IP Packet. Debugging the Construction of an IP Routing Table. Debug ip Routing. Configuring Static Routes. Default Routes. Configuring Routing Protocols. Configuration Commands Available for Every Dynamic Routing Protocol. Route Redistribution. Special Tools for IP Address Assignment:?IP Secondary Address and Network Address Translation. IP Secondary Address. Network Address Translation (NAT). NAT Global Configuration Commands. NAT Interface Configuration Commands. Sample NAT Configuration. NAT Show and Debug Commands. IP Multicasting. Configuring IP Multicast Routing. Summary. Professional Development Checklist. For Further Study.



10. Configuring RIP, IGRP, and EIGRP.


Overview of RIP Operation. IGRP Provides a Remedy to RIP. EIGRP: The Second Generation IGRP. Configuring RIP, IGRP, and EIGRP. RIP Specific Configuration Issues. The RIP Routing Table. Configuring a Default Route for RIP. RIP Tuning Parameters. Troubleshooting RIP. IGRP Specific Configuration Issues. The IGRP Routing Table. IGRP Metric Calculation. The IGRP Route Hold Down and Route Flushing Process. Configuring Default Routes for IGRP. IGRP Tuning Parameters. Troubleshooting IGRP. EIGRP Specific Configuration Issues. The EIGRP Neighbor Table. The EIGRP Topology Table. The EIGRP Routing Table. EIGRP Routing Table Advertisements. EIGRP Automatic Network Summarization. Manual Network Summarization with EIGRP. RIP, IGRP, and EIGRP over NBMA. RIP and IGRP over Switched Connections. Troubleshooting EIGRP. Summary. Professional Development Checklist. For Further Study.



11. Configuring OSPF and Integrated IS-IS.


Basic OSPF Operation. Classification of OSPF Routers. OSPF Network Types. OSPF Configuration Basics. The OSPF Neighbor Table and OSPF HELLO Packets. Adjacencies. OSPF Designated Routers. Manipulating the DR/BDR Election Process on a Cisco Router. Areas. Virtual Links. Configuring Virtual Links. OSPF Route Redistribution. Stub Areas. Route Summarization. Inter-Area Route Summarization. Inter-Routing Domain Route Summarization. Configuring OSPF over Non-Broadcast Multiaccess Networks. Configuring OSPF over ISDN/DDR Links. Configuring OSPF over ISDN/DDR Without ON-DEMAND CIRCUIT. Configuring OSPF over ISDN/DDR with ON-DEMAND CIRCUIT. Overview of OSPF Operation. A Word About Integrated IS-IS. Integrated IS-IS Addressing Requirements. AFI Value. Configuring Integrated IS-IS. Router R1. Router R2. Router R3. Summary. Professional Development Checklist. For Further Study. Can You Spot the Issues?



12. Redistribution of IP Routes.


Three Redistribution Scenarios. Route Redistribution Scenario One:?Single Border Point Redistribution. Route Redistribution Scenario Two:?Multiple Border Point Redistribution (One Way Redistribution). Route Redistribution Scenario Three: Multiple Border Point Redistribution (Two Way Redistribution). Route Redistribution Basics. The Metric Requirement for RIP, IGRP, and EIGRP. Redistributing Static and Connected Routes. Redistributing Routes into OSPF. Redistributing VLSM Subnets into an FLSM Domain. Problem: Redistributing Between VLSM and FLSM Environments. Facts. Problem. Issue. Rule. Solution One. Solution Two. Redistribution and Administrative Distance. Passive-interface. Distribute-lists. Distribute-list In. A Distribute-list In Scenario. Distribute-list Out. A Distribute-list Out Scenario. Summary. Professional Development Checklist. For Further Study. Can You Spot the Issues?



13. Level Two Summary.


Key Level Two IOS Tools to Use. Key Level Two Principles to Remember. Suggested General All-Purpose Level Two Troubleshooting Techniques. A Closing Level Two Comment.



14. Exterior Routing with BGP.


A Brief Review of the IGP Routing Process. Introduction to Inter-Autonomous System (EGP) Routing. Hierarchically Designed IGP Internetworks. Autonomous Systems. The BGP-4 Protocol (RFC 1771). BGP-4 Update Messages and BGP Attributes. Path Vector Routing. BGP-4 Loop Detection and Loop Avoidance. BGP-4 Path Selection. Interaction with IGPs. The Next-Hop Reachability Requirement. Summary of BGP Overview. Cisco's BGP Implementation. Enabling the BGP Routing Process. Establishing a BGP Neighbor Relationship. EBGP Neighbor Relationship Formation Issues. Router R1. Router R2. Router R1. Router R2. Router R1. Router R2. IBGP Neighbor Relationship Formation Issues. Route Reflectors and Confederations. Configuring a Route Reflector. Router R1. Router R2. Router R3. Configuring a BGP Confederation. Router R1. Router R2. Router R3. Advertising Networks via BGP-4. The BGP-4 Rule of Synchronization. A Basic BGP Configuration. Fault Tolerance via Loopbacks. Filtering BGP-4 Updates. Troubleshooting BGP. Are Your BGP Neighbor Relationships Established? Can You See a Given IP Prefix in Your BGP Table? Is the Route Being Advertised to Other BGP Speakers? Is the Route Being Inserted in the Local Routing Table? Summary. Professional Development Checklist. For Further Study. Can You Spot the Issues?



15. Introduction to Configuring Non-IP Routing Protocol Suites.


Common Characteristics of All Protocol Suites that Support Layer Three Routing (IP, IPX, AppleTalk, DECNET). EIGRP: A Single Routing Protocol that Can Support Multiple Routed Protocols. Unique Characteristics of AppleTalk, DECNET, and IPX. AppleTalk. AppletalkTALK Convergence. DECNET. Convergence for DECNET Inter-area Routers. Convergence for DECNET Intra-area Routers. IPX. Convergence for IPX Routers. Non-IP Protocol Configuration Options. Ships in the Night Configuration on Cisco Routers. Tunnel Configuration on Cisco Routers. Common Configuration Steps for Non-IP Protocols. Learning Strategies for IPX, AppleTalk, and DECNET. Comments on APOLLO, ISO CLNS, XNS, and VINES. Show IPX. Show APPLETALK. Show DECNET. DEBUG IPX. DEBUG APPLETALK. Debug DECNET. IPX Global Configuration Commands. IPX Interface Configuration Commands. AppleTalk Global Configuration Commands. AppleTalk Interface Configuration Commands. DECNET Global Configuration Commands. DECNET Interface Configuration Commands. Summary. Professional Development Checklist.



16. IPX Configuration.


IPX Technology Overview. IPX's Design Objective. Novell NetWare's Design Objective. Key Protocols Used by Novell NetWare: IPX, SPX, IPX/RIP, SAP, NCP. Cisco Support for IPX. Overview of the IPX Protocol Suite. IPX Addressing. IPX Packet Type. IPX Socket Numbers. IPX/Cisco Frame Types. IPX RIP (Like IP RIP with a Twist). IPX SAP (Unique to NetWare; NetWare is servercentric). SAP Types. SAP Numbers. SAP Hop Count. Get Nearest Server. Sequenced Packet Exchange (SPX). NetWare Core Protocol (NCP). Special IPX Packets. Watchdog Packets. Serialization Packets. Convergence IPX Style. General Rules to Remember About IPX Routing. Configuring IPX. Enabling the IPX Process. Adding an IPX Network to an Interface. IPX/RIP: The Default IPX Routing Protocol. IPX Static and Default Routes. IPX Route Redistribution. IPX Static SAPs. Tuning IPX/RIP and SAP. EIGRP in an IPX Environment. IPX NLSP Configuration. IPXWAN Configuration. IPX Over NBMA. IPX DDR Issues. Tunneling IPX Traffic. Troubleshooting IPX. The Power of DEBUG IPX PACKET. IPX/SPX Idiosyncrasies and Landmines. Summary. Professional Development Checklist. For Further Study. Can You Spot the Issues?



17. AppleTalk Configuration.


AppleTalk Design Objectives. Graphical User Interface Networking (The AppleTalk Chooser). Zones. AppleTalk from the Perspective of Network Administrators. Easy on Users. Challenging for Router Administrators. AppleTalk Technical Overview. AppleTalk Addressing. AppleTalk Address Acquisition: AARP. AppleTalk Default Router Assignment. AppleTalk Routing Protocols (RTMP, EIGRP, and AURP). AppleTalk Zones. Router Interfaces with Multiple Zones. AppleTalk Initialization Process. The Steps to Attaining AppleTalk Convergence. Convergence AppleTalk Style. The Steps Performed by an End User to Access AppleTalk Services. Commonly Used AppleTalk Show Commands. Basic AppleTalk Configuration. Global Configuration Commands: Enabling the AppleTalk Process. Adding an AppleTalk Cable-Range and Zone to an Interface. Syntax Description. Configuring AppleTalk Zones. Tools for Monitoring AppleTalk Configuration. AppleTalk Static Routes. Using EIGRP with AppleTalk. AppleTalk Tunneling. Configuring AURP. AURP Global Configuration Commands. AppleTalk Tunnel Interface Configuration Commands. AppleTalk GRE Tunneling. GRE and IPTALK. AppleTalk over DDR. AppleTalk over NBMA Networks. AppleTalk and Inverse ARP. AppleTalk and NBMA Map Statements. AppleTalk and Subinterfaces. AppleTalk in a Hub and Spoke NBMA Topology. AppleTalk Local Routing and NBMA Networks. AppleTalk Troubleshooting. “No AppleTalk Routing” Reinitialization Technique. Troubleshooting Interface Initialization. Troubleshooting Route Zone Table Issues. Troubleshooting AppleTalk Tunneling Issues. Troubleshooting AppleTalk over a DDR Link. Troubleshooting AppleTalk over an NBMA Link. AppleTalk Idiosyncrasies. Summary. Professional Development Checklist. For Further Study. Can You Spot the Issues?



18. Configuring DECNET.


DECNET Technical Overview. The DECNET Routing Process. DECNET Routing Tables. Routing Levels and Areas. DECNET Address Manipulation. Minimum DECNET Configuration. Global Configuration. Interface Configuration. Basic DECNET Level Two Router Configuration (Inter-Area). DECNET Designated Router Configuration. Commonly Used DECNET Show Commands. DECNET Debugging Tools. Debug Output from Forming a DECNET Neighbor Relationship. Using DECNET Static Routes. DECNET over ISDN/DDR. DECNET over an NBMA Network. Summary. Professional Development Checklist. For Further Study. Can You Spot the Issues?



19. Level Four Summary Non-IP Routing Summary.


Key IPX Monitoring and Troubleshooting Tools. Key AppleTalk Monitoring and Troubleshooting Tools. Key DECNET Monitoring and Troubleshooting Tools. Configuration Strategies.



20. Bridging Non-Routable Traffic.


To Bridge or to Route, That Is the Question. Transparent Bridging Defined. Source Route Bridging Defined. Source-Route Transparent Bridging Defined. Source-Route Translational Bridging Defined. Cisco Specific Solutions. Concurrent Routing and Bridging (CRB). Integrated Routing and Bridging (IRB). Virtual Rings for Multi-Port Source Route Bridges. Remote Source Route Bridging (RSRB). Data Link Switching Plus (DLSw+). LAT Translation. Roadmap of Bridging. Configuring Transparent Bridging on Cisco Routers and a Catalyst 8500. Transparent Bridging for the Catalyst 5000. The Spanning Tree Protocol. Configuring the Spanning Tree Protocol on a Cisco Router and the Catalyst 8500 Switch. Configuring the Spanning Tree Root Bridge. Manipulating the Spanning Tree Path Cost on a Cisco Router and Catalyst 8500. Adjusting Spanning Tree Parameters on a Catalyst 5000. Configuring Transparent Bridging over WAN Links on a Cisco Router. Configuring Bridging over Frame-Relay Links. Show Commands for Transparent Bridging. Additional Transparent Bridging Commands on a Cisco Router and Catalyst 8500 Switch. Global Configuration. Additional Interface Configuration Commands on a Cisco Router and Catalyst 8500 Switch. Concurrent Routing and Bridging. Configuring CRB. Integrated Routing and Bridging. Configuring IRB. Integrated Routing and Bridging Show Commands. A Word About LAT. Translating LAT into TCP. Summary. Professional Development Checklist. For Further Study. Can You Spot the Issues?



21. Configuring Source-Route Bridging and DLSw+.


The Cisco End-to-End Data Center Solution. 1. Cisco IOS for S/390. 2. Cisco Channel Interface Processor Family (CIP). 3. Cisco APPN/HPR Support. 4. Tunneling SNA Traffic Over IP Internetworks (STUN, RSRB, and DLSw+). Recent Technical Developments That Make DLSw+ Attractive. SNA Is Everywhere. IP, the Internet, and Intranets Are Everywhere. WINTEL Is Everywhere. The Token-Ring Solution. The Cisco End-to-End SNA/Data Center Solution. Serial Tunneling (STUN). Remote Source-Route Bridging (RSRB). Data Link Switching Plus (DLSw+). Queuing. Source-Route Bridging. Configuring Source-Route Bridging on a Two-Port Bridge. Configuring Source-Route Bridging on a Multiport Bridge. Source-Route Transparent Bridging. Getting Started with the Catalyst 3900 Token-Ring Switch. Accessing the Catalyst 3900 Token-Ring Switch. Navigating Through the Catalyst 3900 Menus Needed to Perform a Basic Configuration. STEP ONE: Configure the Virtual Bridge (TrBRF). STEP TWO: Configure the Virtual Rings (TrCRF). STEP THREE: Assign Physical Catalyst 3900 Token-Ring Ports to a Specific TrCRF. STEP FOUR: Assign an IP Address to the TrBRF. A Quick Start Guide for Configuring the Catalyst 3900 Token-Ring Switch. Source-Route Translational Bridging. Configuring Source-Route Bridging over an IP Backbone. DLSw+ Technical Overview. Logical Link Control-Overview. Logical Link Control Addressing. DLSw+ Addressing. Switch-to-Switch Protocol Overview. The Four Basic Stages of DLSw+ Operation on a Cisco Router. DLSw+ Connection Setup Between Two DLSw+ Peers. DLSw+ Capabilities Exchange. DLSw+ Search for a Destination MAC Address or NetBIOS Name. DLSw+ Circuit Setup. Configuring DLSW+. TCP Encapsulation. FST Encapsulation. DLSw+ Preconfiguration Checklist. Basic DLSw+ Configurations. Ethernet to Ethernet (Transparent Bridging). Token-Ring to Token-Ring Using FST (Source-Route Bridging). DLSw+ Configurations Using the Promiscuous Parameter. Ethernet to Ethernet (Transparent Bridging). Token-Ring to Token-Ring (Source-Route Bridging). Configuring DLSw+ Border Peer Groups. DLSW Border Peer Configuration. Basic DLSw+ Show Commands. Basic DLSw+ Debug Commands. Building a DLSw+ Testbed. Summary. Professional Development Checklist. For Further Study. Can You Spot the Issues?



22. Level Five Summary.


The Rebirth of Transparent Bridging. Design and Planning Tasks. Configuration Tasks. Overview of Configuration Tasks. Basic Transparent Bridging Configuration. Global Configuration. Interface Configuration. Checking the Basic Transparent Bridging Configuration. Adjust the Spanning Tree Parameters (Optional). Monitor Transparent Bridging Tables. Configure Integrated Routing and Bridging on Cisco Routers and Catalyst 8500 Switch Routers (Optional). Configuring Source Route Bridging and DLSw+.



23. Managing Traffic.


All Level One Tasks Have Been Performed. All Level Two Tasks Have Been Performed. All Level Three Tasks Have Been Performed. All Level Four Tasks Have Been Performed. All Level Five Topics Have Been Performed. Level Two. Level Three. Level Four. Level Five. Roadmap of Level Six Coverage. General Rules to Apply to All Access-List Configurations. Points of Caution When Applying Access-Lists. Binary to Decimal/Decimal to Binary Address Conversion and Binary to Hexadecimal/Hexadecimal to Binary Address Conversion. A Suggested Approach to Constructing Access-Lists that Manipulate a Range of IP and DECNET Addresses. Access List Algorithm. Summary. Can You Spot the Issues?



24. Configuring IP Access-Lists.


Standard and Extended Access-Lists. Standard Access-Lists. Extended Access-Lists. Rule One: The Finite Number of Masks Rule. Rule Two: Never Create an Overlapping Access-List Statement. Level One: Creating Access-Lists That Filter Ranges That Fall On Major Bit Boundaries. Level Two: Creating Access-Lists That Filter Ranges That Fall Slightly Off Major Bit Boundaries. Level Three: Creating Access-Lists That Filter Any Contiguous Range of IP Addresses. Step 1: Generate DSS Public/Private Keys (required to configure a crypto engine). Step 2: Exchange DSS Public Keys. STEP 3: Enable DES Encryption Algorithms (required to configure the router). Step 4: Define Crypto Maps and Assign Them to Interfaces (required to configure router interfaces). Some Suggested IOS-Based Learning Tools for IP Access-Lists. Summary. Professional Development Checklist. For Further Study. Can You Spot the Issues?



25. Configuring Non-IP Routing Access-Lists.


Configuring IPX Access-Lists. Configuring IPX Standard Access-Lists. Configuring IPX Extended Access-Lists. Applying IPX Access-Lists. IPX SAP Filters. IPX Dialer-Lists. Configuring AppleTalk Access-Lists. General AppleTalk Access-List Issues. AppleTalk Routing Update Filters. AppleTalk GETZONELIST Reply Filters. AppleTalk ZIP Reply Filters. Placement of ZIP Reply Filters. Tracing the Effects of a ZIP Reply Filter. Configuring DECNET Access-Lists. Summary. Professional Development Checklist. For Further Study. Can You Spot the Issues?



26. Access-Lists for Nonroutable Traffic.


MAC Address Access-Lists (Access-Lists 700 and 1100). LSAP Access-Lists. Applying an LSAP Access-List to an Ethernet Interface. NETBIOS Access-Lists. NETBIOS Host-Name Access-List Scenario. Applying NETBIOS Access-Lists. Access-Expressions. Configuring Access-Expressions. Applying Access-Expressions. Monitoring and Troubleshooting Access-Expressions. Summary. Professional Development Checklist. For Further Study. Can You Spot the Issues?



27. Configuring Voice/Data Integration in a Cisco Environment.


Cisco's Entry into the Voice/Data Integration Market. Phase One: Provide a Cisco Solution That Will Allow the Bypassing of Legacy Carrier Based Telephony Services. Phase Two: Selsius and Call Manager: Introduction to IP Telephony; Provide a PBX Alternative That Will Coexist with Legacy PBX Systems. Phase Three: Complete Replacement of Legacy Telephony Systems. Roadmap of this Chapter. Some General Principles of Telephony and Voice-Data Integration. Principle One: Voice Traffic Is Constant-Bit-Rate Traffic. Principle Two: Delay and Delay Variation. Principle Three: Voice/Data Integrated Traffic Will Always Involve Some Form of Analog-to-Digital and Digital-to-Analog Conversions 759 Principle Four: The Concept of “Oversubscription”. Getting Voice/Data Integration Up and Running in a Cisco Environment: An Introduction to the Foundational Components. Telephone Handsets. Telephone Numbers, Dial Strings, or “Destination-Patterns”. A Media Path Between Telephone Handsets. The Cisco IOS Dial-Peer Subcommand Mode: The Key Cisco IOS Command-Mode That Ties Cisco's Voice/Data Integration Solutions Together. Dial-Peer Types. POTS Dial-Peer Configurations. Using the Destination-Pattern Command with a POTS Dial-Peer. POTS Dial-Peer Configurations Will Not Automatically Forward Digits. POTS Dial-Peer Configurations Associate a Dial-Peer with a Voice-Port. Non-POTS Dial-Peers (VOFR, VOATM, VOIP). Common Session Target Configurations. A Summary Comparison of POTS and non-POTS Dial-Peers. One Router with Two FXS Ports. Show Commands. One Router with One FXS Port and One FXO Port. Two Routers with FXS Ports Configured with VOIP over an Ethernet LAN Between Them. Two Routers with FXS Ports Configured with VOIP over WAN Cloud Between Them. Two Routers with FXS Ports Configured with Voice over Frame-Relay (VoFR) Between Them. Two Routers with FXS Ports Configured with Voice over ATM (VoATM) Between Them. Two Routers With FXS Ports Configured With an MFT in CAS Mode Between Them. Summary. For Further Study.



28. Managing and Optimizing Traffic.


Cisco Interface Queuing Techniques. Priority Queuing. Custom Queuing. Weighted Fair Queuing. IP-RTP Priority. Priority Queuing-Weighted Fair Queuing. Class-Based Weighted Fair Queuing (CB-WFQ). Low-Latency Queuing (LLQ). Configuring Priority Queuing. Assigning a Default Priority Queue. Priority Queuing Scenario. Custom Queuing. Configuring Custom Queuing. Assigning a Default Custom Queue. Adjust the Byte-Count Value for a Specific Queue. Custom-Queuing Scenario. Debug Custom-Queue. Class Based-Weighted Fair Queuing (CB-WFQ). Queuing Techniques for Delay-Sensitive Traffic. Configuring IP-RTP Priority. Configuring Low-Latency Queuing (LLQ). Configure a Class-Map. With LLQ, remember these points. Traffic Shaping. Configuring Generic Traffic Shaping (GTS). Configuring Frame-Relay Traffic Shaping (FRTS). Fragmentation and Interleaving. Frame-Relay Fragmentation. Point-to-Point Link Fragmentation and Interleaving. RTP Header Compression. Resource Reservation and RSVP. A Basic RSVP Configuration on Cisco Routers. RSVP and VOIP. Future RSVP Applications: Integrated Services, Constrained Based Routing, and MPLS Traffic Engineering. Random Early Detection. Setting the IP Precedence Bits to Classify Packets. Setting IP Precedence with a Dialer-Peer. Setting IP Precedence with a Route-Map. IP Precedence Bits and Differentiated Services. Summary. Professional Development Checklist. For Further Study. Can You Spot the Issues?



29. Configuring Route-Maps.


Route-Maps as a Substitute for Static Routes. Route-Map Match Options. Route-Map Set Options. Configuring a Route-Map as a Substitute for a Static Route. Route-Maps and IGP Redistribution. Route-Maps and BGP Updates. Summary. Professional Development Checklist. For Further Study.



30. Level Six Summary.


31. Troubleshooting Routers and Switches.


Some General Rules of Troubleshooting. Catastrophic Troubleshooting. Router and Switch Boot Up Sequence. Catalyst 5000 Boot Up Process. Loading a New IOS on a Router. Recovering from a Lost or Unknown Password on a Router. Recovering a Password on a RISC-Based Router (4500, 4700, 36xx, 72xx, 75xx). Building a Detailed Troubleshooting Checklist. Level One Troubleshooting. Troubleshooting Frame-Relay. Troubleshooting ISDN/DDR. Troubleshooting the Catalyst 5000. Troubleshooting ATM. Troubleshooting ATM LANE. Level Two Troubleshooting. IP Addressing. IP Packet Forwarding from a Specific Router. IP Routing. Tracing a Packets Path Through an Internetwork. OSPF. OSPF over NBMA Networks (Frame-Relay and ATM). OSPF over DDR. IP Route Redistribution. Level Three Troubleshooting. Level Four. Troubleshooting. IPX. AppleTalk. DECNET. Level Five Troubleshooting. Transparent Bridging. CRB and IRB. LAT. Source-Route Bridging. DLSw+. Level Six Troubleshooting. Access-Lists. Queuing. Policy Routing and Route Maps. Summary. Professional Development Checklist. For Further Study.



32. Test Preparation Checklist and Test-Taking Techniques.


Preparing for the Actual CCIE Lab Day. Step One. Step Two. Step Three. Step Four. Step Five. Step Six. Summary CCIE Preparation Checklist. Getting Started Checklist. Level One Basic Interface Configuration. Configuring Frame-Relay. Configuring ISDN/DDR. Configure the Catalyst 5000. Level Two. IP Address Planning and Configuration. Configuring RIP, IGRP, and EIGRP. Configuring OSPF. Redistributing IP Routing Tables. Level Three. Configuring BGP4. Level Four. Configuring IPX. Configuring AppleTalk. Configuring DECNET. Level Five. Configuring nonRoutable Protocols Transparent Bridging/CRB/IRB. Source Route Bridging. Configuring DLSw+. Configuring LAT and Protocol Translation. Level Six. Controlling Traffic IP Filters. IPX Filters. AppleTalk Filters. DECNET Filters. LSAP Filters (Access-List 200). Standard MAC Address Filters (Access-List 700). NETBIOS Name Filters. Access-Expressions. Queuing. Policy Routing and Route Maps. Troubleshooting and System Maintenance. Create an Issue Spotting Checklist. Level One. Level Two. Level Three. Level Four. Level Five. Transparent Bridging. DLSw+. Level Six. Create a Landmine Checklist. Level One. Level Two. Level Three. Level Four. Level Five. Level Six. Summary.



33. Sample Scenarios.


Scenario One:?SMDS Configuration. Scenario Two:?HSRP Configuration. Scenario Three:?An OSPF Authentication. Scenario Four:?Redistribution of Connected Routes into OSPF. Scenario Five:?IGRP and OSPF Redistribution. Scenario Six:?A Basic Transparent Bridging Scenario. Scenario Seven: Transparent Bridging Involving Cisco Routers and Catalyst Switches. Scenario Eight:?DLSw+ Promiscuous Mode Configuration. Scenario Nine:?NAT and Policy Routing. Summary.



Appendix A: Navigating the Cisco IOS.


IOS Operation Mode Prompts. IOS Help Facility. Using the "?". IOS Command Line Shortcuts. Cisco Command Reference Summary. Moving Between Different Router Modes. Configuration Commands. Global Configuration Commands (performed at the "config" prompt). Interface Configuration Commands (performed at the "config-if" prompt). Router Configuration Commands (performed at the "config-router" prompt). Show Status Commands. Troubleshooting Commands. General Maintenance Commands. Basic Cisco Router Configuration Step-by-Step. Step One:?Physical Layer Installation and Configuration. Step Two:?Data-Link Layer Configuration. Step Three:?Network Layer/Routed Protocol Configuration. Step Four:?Network Layer/Routing Protocol Configuration. Step Five:?General Maintenance Configuration.



Appendix B: Can You Spot the Issues Answer Key.


Index.