Cisco CCENT/CCNA ICND1 100-101 Official Cert Guide

Wendell Odom, CCIE No. 1624, has been in the networking industry since 1981. He has worked as a network engineer, consultant, systems engineer, instructor, and course developer; he currently works writing and creating certification tools. He is author of all the previous books in the Cisco Press CCNA Official Certification Guide series, as well as the CCNP ROUTE 642-902 Official Certification Guide, the QoS 642-642 Exam Certification Guide, coauthor of the CCIE Routing and Switch Official Certification Guide, and several other titles. He is also a consultant for the CCNA 640-802 Network Simulator from Pearson and for a forthcoming replacement version of that product. He maintains study tools, links to his blogs, and other resources at www.certskills.com.

Introduction xxxi Getting Started 3 Part I: Networking Fundamentals 12 Chapter 1 The TCP/IP and OSI Networking Models 15 "Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 15 Foundation Topics 18 Perspectives on Networking 18 TCP/IP Networking Model 19 History Leading to TCP/IP 20 Overview of the TCP/IP Networking Model 21 TCP/IP Application Layer 23 HTTP Overview 23 HTTP Protocol Mechanisms 24 TCP/IP Transport Layer 25 TCP Error Recovery Basics 25 Same-Layer and Adjacent-Layer Interactions 26 TCP/IP Network Layer 26 Internet Protocol and the Postal Service 27 Internet Protocol Addressing Basics 28 IP Routing Basics 29 TCP/IP Link Layer (Data Link Plus Physical) 30 TCP/IP Model and Terminology 32 Comparing the Original and Modern TCP/IP Models 32 Data Encapsulation Terminology 32 Names of TCP/IP Messages 34 OSI Networking Model 34 Comparing OSI and TCP/IP 34 Describing Protocols by Referencing the OSI Layers 35 OSI Layers and Their Functions 36 OSI Layering Concepts and Benefits 37 OSI Encapsulation Terminology 38 Exam Preparation Tasks 40 Chapter 2 Fundamentals of Ethernet LANs 43 "Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 43 Foundation Topics 46 An Overview of LANs 46 Typical SOHO LANs 46 Typical Enterprise LANs 47 The Variety of Ethernet Physical Layer Standards 48 Consistent Behavior over All Links Using the Ethernet Data Link Layer 49 Building Physical Ethernet Networks with UTP 50 Transmitting Data Using Twisted Pairs 50 Breaking Down a UTP Ethernet Link 51 UTP Cabling Pinouts for 10BASE-T and 100BASE-T 53 Straight-Through Cable Pinout 54 Crossover Cable Pinout 55 Choosing the Right Cable Pinouts 56 UTP Cabling Pinouts for 1000BASE-T 57 Sending Data in Ethernet Networks 57 Ethernet Data Link Protocols 58 Ethernet Addressing 59 Identifying Network Layer Protocols with the Ethernet Type Field 60 Error Detection with FCS 61 Sending Ethernet Frames with Switches and Hubs 62 Sending in Modern Ethernet LANs Using Full-Duplex 62 Using Half-Duplex with LAN Hubs 63 Exam Preparation Tasks 65 Chapter 3 Fundamentals of WANs 67 "Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 67 Foundation Topics 70 Leased Line WANs 70 Positioning Leased Lines with LANs and Routers 70 Physical Details of Leased Lines 71 Leased Line Cabling 72 Building a WAN Link in a Lab 73 Data Link Details of Leased Lines 74 HDLC Basics 74 How Routers Use a WAN Data Link 75 Ethernet as a WAN Technology 77 Ethernet WANs that Create a Layer 2 Service 78 How Routers Route IP Packets Using Ethernet Emulation 79 Accessing the Internet 80 The Internet as a Large WAN 80 Internet Access (WAN) Links 81 Digital Subscriber Line 82 Cable Internet 84 Exam Preparation Tasks 86 Chapter 4 Fundamentals of IPv4 Addressing and Routing 89 "Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 89 Foundation Topics 92 Overview of Network Layer Functions 92 Network Layer Routing (Forwarding) Logic 92 Host Forwarding Logic: Send the Packet to the Default Router 93 R1 and R2's Logic: Routing Data Across the Network 94 R3's Logic: Delivering Data to the End Destination 94 How Network Layer Routing Uses LANs and WANs 94 IP Addressing and How Addressing Helps IP Routing 95 Routing Protocols 97 IPv4 Addressing 97 Rules for IP Addresses 98 Rules for Grouping IP Addresses 98 Class A, B, and C IP Networks 99 The Actual Class A, B, and C IP Networks 101 IP Subnetting 103 IPv4 Routing 105 IPv4 Host Routing 105 Router Forwarding Decisions and the IP Routing Table 106 A Summary of Router Forwarding Logic 106 A Detailed Routing Example 107 IPv4 Routing Protocols 109 Other Network Layer Features 111 Using Names and the Domain Name System 111 The Address Resolution Protocol 112 ICMP Echo and the ping Command 113 Exam Preparation Tasks 115 Chapter 5 Fundamentals of TCP/IP Transport and Applications 117 "Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 117 Foundation Topics 120 TCP/IP Layer 4 Protocols: TCP and UDP 120 Transmission Control Protocol 121 Multiplexing Using TCP Port Numbers 122 Popular TCP/IP Applications 125 Connection Establishment and Termination 126 User Datagram Protocol 127 TCP/IP Applications 128 QoS Needs and the Impact of TCP/IP Applications 128 Defining Interactive and Batch Applications 129 Real-Time Voice and Video Applications 129 The World Wide Web, HTTP, and SSL 130 Uniform Resource Locators 131 Finding the Web Server Using DNS 131 Transferring Files with HTTP 133 Exam Preparation Tasks 135 Part I Review 136 Part II: Ethernet LANs and Switches 140 Chapter 6 Building Ethernet LANs with Switches 143 "Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 143 Foundation Topics 146 LAN Switching Concepts 146 Historical Progression: Hubs, Bridges, and Switches 146 Switching Logic 148 The Forward-Versus-Filter Decision 149 How Switches Learn MAC Addresses 150 Flooding Frames 151 Avoiding Loops Using Spanning Tree Protocol 152 Internal Processing on Cisco Switches 153 LAN Switching Summary 154 Design Choices in Ethernet LANs 155 Collision Domains, Broadcast Domains, and VLANs 155 Collision Domains 155 Broadcast Domains 156 The Impact of Collision and Broadcast Domains on LAN Design 157 Virtual LANs (VLAN) 158 Choosing Ethernet Technology for a Campus LAN 159 Campus Design Terminology 160 Ethernet LAN Media and Cable Lengths 161 Autonegotiation 162 Autonegotiation Results When Only One Node Uses Autonegotiation 164 Autonegotiation and LAN Hubs 165 Exam Preparation Tasks 166 Chapter 7 Installing and Operating Cisco LAN Switches 169 "Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 169 Foundation Topics 172 Accessing the Cisco Catalyst 2960 Switch CLI 172 Cisco Catalyst Switches and the 2960 Switch 172 Switch Status from LEDs 173 Accessing the Cisco IOS CLI 176 Cabling the Console Connection 176 Configuring the Terminal Emulator for the Console 177 Accessing the CLI with Telnet and SSH 179 Password Security for CLI Access 179 User and Enable (Privileged) Modes 180 CLI Help Features 182 The debugand showCommands 184 Configuring Cisco IOS Software 185 Configuration Submodes and Contexts 185 Storing Switch Configuration Files 187 Copying and Erasing Configuration Files 190 Initial Configuration (Setup Mode) 191 IOS Version and Other Reload Facts 192 Exam Preparation Tasks 195 Review All the Key Topics 195 Chapter 8 Configuring Ethernet Switching 199 "Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 199 Foundation Topics 202 Configuration of Features in Common with Routers 202 Securing the Switch CLI 202 Securing Access with Simple Passwords 203 Securing Access with Local Usernames and Passwords 206 Securing Access with External Authentication Servers 207 Configuring Secure Shell (SSH) 207 Encrypting and Hiding Passwords 210 Encrypting Passwords with the service password Command 210 Hiding the Enable Password 212 Hiding the Passwords for Local Usernames 214 Console and vty Settings 214 Banners 214 History Buffer Commands 216 The logging synchronous and exec-timeout Commands 216 LAN Switch Configuration and Operation 217 Enabling IP for Remote Access 217 Configuring IPv4 on a Switch 219 Verifying IPv4 on a Switch 220 Configuring Switch Interfaces 221 Port Security 223 Configuring Port Security 224 Verifying Port Security 226 Port Security Actions 227 Securing Unused Switch Interfaces 228 Exam Preparation Tasks 229 Chapter 9 Implementing Ethernet Virtual LANs 235 "Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 235 Foundation Topics 238 Virtual LAN Concepts 238 Creating Multiswitch VLANs Using Trunking 239 VLAN Tagging Concepts 240 The 802.1Q and ISL VLAN Trunking Protocols 241 Forwarding Data Between VLANs 242 Routing Packets Between VLANs with a Router 243 Routing Packets with a Layer 3 Switch 245 VLAN and VLAN Trunking Configuration and Verification 246 Creating VLANs and Assigning Access VLANs to an Interface 246 VLAN Configuration Example 1: Full VLAN Configuration 247 VLAN Configuration Example 2: Shorter VLAN Configuration 250 VLAN Trunking Protocol (VTP) 251 VLAN Trunking Configuration 252 Controlling Which VLANs Can Be Supported on a Trunk 257 Exam Preparation Tasks 260 Chapter 10 Troubleshooting Ethernet LANs 265 "Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 265 Foundation Topics 269 Perspectives on Network Verification and Troubleshooting 269 Preparing to Use an Organized Troubleshooting Process 269 Troubleshooting as Covered in This Book 272 Analyzing LAN Topology Using Cisco Discovery Protocol 272 Examining Information Learned by CDP 273 Examining the Status of the CDP Protocols 276 Analyzing Switch Interface Status 277 Interface Status Codes and Reasons for Nonworking States 277 Interface Speed and Duplex Issues 279 Common Layer 1 Problems on Working Interfaces 282 Predicting Where Switches Will Forward Frames 284 Predicting the Contents of the MAC Address Table 284 Analyzing the Forwarding Path 286 Port Security and Filtering 287 Analyzing VLANs and VLAN Trunks 288 Ensuring That the Right Access Interfaces Are in the Right VLANs 288 Access VLANs Not Being Defined 289 Access VLANs Being Disabled 290 Check the Allowed VLAN List on Both Ends of a Trunk 291 Mismatched Trunking Operational States 292 Exam Preparation Tasks 294 Part II Review 298 Part III: IP Version 4 Addressing and Subnetting 302 Chapter 11 Perspectives on IPv4 Subnetting 305 "Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 305 Foundation Topics 308 Introduction to Subnetting 308 Subnetting Defined Through a Simple Example 308 Operational View Versus Design View of Subnetting 309 Analyze Subnetting and Addressing Needs 310 Rules About Which Hosts Are in Which Subnet 310 Determining the Number of Subnets 311 Determining the Number of Hosts per Subnet 313 One Size Subnet Fits All-Or Not 314 Defining the Size of a Subnet 314 One Size Subnet Fits All 315 Multiple Subnet Sizes (Variable-Length Subnet Masks) 316 This Book: One Size Subnet Fits All (Mostly) 316 Make Design Choices 317 Choose a Classful Network 317 Public IP Networks 317 Growth Exhausts the Public IP Address Space 318 Private IP Networks 319 Choosing an IP Network During the Design Phase 320 Choose the Mask 320 Classful IP Networks Before Subnetting 321 Borrowing Host Bits to Create Subnet Bits 321 Choosing Enough Subnet and Host Bits 322 Example Design: 172.16.0.0, 200 Subnets, 200 Hosts 323 Masks and Mask Formats 324 Build a List of All Subnets 325 Plan the Implementation 326 Assigning Subnets to Different Locations 327 Choose Static and Dynamic Ranges per Subnet 328 Exam Preparation Tasks 329 Chapter 12 Analyzing Classful IPv4 Networks 331 "Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 331 Foundation Topics 334 Classful Network Concepts 334 IPv4 Network Classes and Related Facts 334 Actual Class A, B, and C Networks 335 Address Formats 336 Default Masks 337 Number of Hosts per Network 337 Deriving the Network ID and Related Numbers 338 Unusual Network IDs and Network Broadcast Addresses 340 Practice with Classful Networks 341 Practice Deriving Key Facts Based on an IP Address 341 Practice Remembering the Details of Address Classes 342 Additional Practice 343 Exam Preparation Tasks 344 Answers to Earlier Practice Problems 345 Chapter 13 Analyzing Subnet Masks 349 "Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 349 Foundation Topics 352 Subnet Mask Conversion 352 Three Mask Formats 352 Converting Between Binary and Prefix Masks 353 Converting Between Binary and DDN Masks 354 Converting Between Prefix and DDN Masks 356 Practice Converting Subnet Masks 357 Identifying Subnet Design Choices Using Masks 358 Masks Divide the Subnet's Addresses into Two Parts 359 Masks and Class Divide Addresses into Three Parts 360 Classless and Classful Addressing 361 Calculations Based on the IPv4 Address Format 361 Practice Analyzing Subnet Masks 363 Exam Preparation Tasks 365 Answers to Earlier Practice Problems 366 Chapter 14 Analyzing Existing Subnets 369 "Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 369 Foundation Topics 372 Defining a Subnet 372 An Example with Network 172.16.0.0 and Four Subnets 372 Subnet ID Concepts 374 Subnet Broadcast Address 375 Range of Usable Addresses 375 Analyzing Existing Subnets: Binary 376 Finding the Subnet ID: Binary 376 Finding the Subnet Broadcast Address: Binary 378 Binary Practice Problems 379 Shortcut for the Binary Process 380 Brief Note About Boolean Math 382 Finding the Range of Addresses 382 Analyzing Existing Subnets: Decimal 382 Analysis with Easy Masks 383 Predictability in the Interesting Octet 384 Finding the Subnet ID: Difficult Masks 385 Resident Subnet Example 1 386 Resident Subnet Example 2 387 Resident Subnet Practice Problems 387 Finding the Subnet Broadcast Address: Difficult Masks 388 Subnet Broadcast Example 1 388 Subnet Broadcast Example 2 389 Subnet Broadcast Address Practice Problems 390 Practice Analyzing Existing Subnets 390 A Choice: Memorize or Calculate 390 Additional Practice 391 Exam Preparation Tasks 392 Answers to Earlier Practice Problems 393 Part III Review 396 Part IV: Implementing IP Version 4 400 Chapter 15 Operating Cisco Routers 403 "Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 403 Foundation Topics 406 Installing Cisco Routers 406 Installing Enterprise Routers 406 Cisco Integrated Services Routers 408 Physical Installation 409 Installing Internet Access Routers 409 A SOHO Installation with a Separate Switch, Router, and Cable Modem 409 A SOHO Installation with an Integrated Switch, Router, and DSL Modem 411 Enabling IPv4 Support on Cisco Routers 411 Comparisons Between the Switch CLI and Router CLI 412 Router Interfaces 413 Interface Status Codes 414 Router Interface IP Addresses 415 Bandwidth and Clock Rate on Serial Interfaces 417 Router Auxiliary (Aux) Port 419 Operational Status with the show version Command 419 Exam Preparation Tasks 421 Chapter 16 Configuring IPv4 Addresses and Routes 425 "Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 425 Foundation Topics 428 IP Routing 428 IPv4 Routing Process Reference 428 An Example of IP Routing 431 Host Forwards the IP Packet to the Default Router (Gateway) 432 Routing Step 1: Decide Whether to Process the Incoming Frame 432 Routing Step 2: Deencapsulation of the IP Packet 433 Routing Step 3: Choosing Where to Forward the Packet 433 Routing Step 4: Encapsulating the Packet in a New Frame 434 Routing Step 5: Transmitting the Frame 435 Internal Processing on Cisco Routers 436 Potential Routing Performance Issues 436 Cisco Router Fast Switching and CEF 436 Configuring Connected Routes 437 Connected Routes and the ip address Command 438 Routing Between Subnets on VLANs 439 Configuring Routing to VLANs using 802.1Q on Routers 440 Configuring Routing to VLANs Using a Layer 3 Switch 444 Secondary IP Addressing 446 Supporting Connected Routes to Subnet Zero 448 Configuring Static Routes 449 Static Route Configuration 449 Static Default Routes 451 Exam Preparation Tasks 454 Chapter 17 Learning IPv4 Routes with OSPFv2 459 "Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 459 Foundation Topics 462 Comparing Dynamic Routing Protocol Features 462 Routing Protocol Functions 462 Interior and Exterior Routing Protocols 464 Comparing IGPs 465 IGP Routing Protocol Algorithms 465 Metrics 466 Other IGP Comparisons 467 Administrative Distance 468 Understanding the OSPF Link-State Routing Protocol 469 Building the LSDB and Creating IP Routes 470 Topology Information and LSAs 470 Applying Dijkstra SPF Math to Find the Best Routes 471 Using OSPF Neighbor Relationships 472 The Basics of OSPF Neighbors 472 Meeting Neighbors and Learning Their Router ID 472 Scaling OSPF Through Hierarchical Design 474 OSPF Configuration 476 OSPF Single-Area Configuration 477 Matching with the OSPF network Command 478 Verifying OSPF 480 Configuring the OSPF Router ID 483 Miscellaneous OSPF Configuration Settings 484 OSPF Passive Interfaces 484 OSPF Default Routes 486 Exam Preparation Tasks 488 Chapter 18 Configuring and Verifying Host Connectivity 493 "Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 493 Foundation Topics 496 Configuring Routers to Support DHCP 496 DHCP Protocol Messages and Addresses 496 Supporting DHCP for Remote Subnets with DHCP Relay 498 Information Stored at the DHCP Server 500 DHCP Server Configuration and Verification on Routers 501 IOS DHCP Server Configuration 501 IOS DHCP Server Verification 503 Detecting Conflicts with Offered Versus Used Addresses 504 Verifying Host IPv4 Settings 505 IP Address and Mask Configuration 505 Name Resolution with DNS 507 Default Routers 508 Testing Connectivity with ping, traceroute, and telnet 511 The ping Command 511 Testing IP Routes with ping on a Router 512 Controlling the Source IP Address with Extended ping 513 The traceroute Command 515 How the traceroute Command Works 516 traceroute and Similar Commands 518 Telnet and Suspend 519 Exam Preparation Tasks 523 Part IV Review 526 Part V: Advanced IPv4 Addressing Concepts 530 Chapter 19 Subnet Design 533 "Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 533 Foundation Topics 536 Choosing the Mask(s) to Meet Requirements 536 Review: Choosing the Minimum Number of Subnet and Host Bits 536 No Masks Meet Requirements 537 One Mask Meets Requirements 538 Multiple Masks Meet Requirements 539 Finding All the Masks: Concepts 539 Finding All the Masks: Math 541 Choosing the Best Mask 541 The Formal Process 542 Practice Choosing Subnet Masks 542 Practice Problems for Choosing a Subnet Mask 543 Additional Practice for Choosing the Subnet Mask 543 Finding All Subnet IDs 543 First Subnet ID: The Zero Subnet 544 Finding the Pattern Using the Magic Number 544 A Formal Process with Less Than 8 Subnet Bits 545 Example 1: Network 172.16.0.0, Mask 255.255.240.0 547 Example 2: Network 192.168.1.0, Mask 255.255.255.224 548 Finding All Subnets with Exactly 8 Subnet Bits 550 Finding All Subnets with More Than 8 Subnet Bits 550 Process with 9-16 Subnet Bits 550 Process with 17 or More Subnet Bits 552 Practice Finding All Subnet IDs 553 Practice Problems for Finding All Subnet IDs 554 Additional Practice for Finding All Subnet IDs 554 Exam Preparation Tasks 555 Answers to Earlier Practice Problems 556 Chapter 20 Variable-Length Subnet Masks 561 "Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 561 Foundation Topics 563 VLSM Concepts and Configuration 563 Classless and Classful Routing Protocols 564 VLSM Configuration and Verification 564 Finding VLSM Overlaps 566 An Example of Finding a VLSM Overlap 566 Practice Finding VLSM Overlaps 568 Adding a New Subnet to an Existing VLSM Design 569 An Example of Adding a New VLSM Subnet 569 Practice Adding New VLSM Subnets 571 Exam Preparation Tasks 572 Answers to Earlier Practice Problems 573 Chapter 21 Route Summarization 577 "Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 577 Foundation Topics 579 Manual Route Summarization Concepts 579 Route Summarization Basics 579 Route Summarization and the IPv4 Subnetting Plan 580 Verifying Manually Summarized Routes 581 Choosing the Best Summary Routes 582 The Process to Find the Best Summary Route 583 Sample "Best" Summary on Router R3 584 Sample "Best" Summary on Router R2 585 Practice Choosing the Best Summary Routes 586 Exam Preparation Tasks 587 Answers to Earlier Practice Problems 588 Part V Review 592 Part VI: IPv4 Services 596 Chapter 22 Basic IPv4 Access Control Lists 599 "Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 599 Foundation Topics 602 IPv4 Access Control List Basics 602 ACL Location and Direction 602 Matching Packets 603 Taking Action When a Match Occurs 604 Types of IP ACLs 604 Standard Numbered IPv4 ACLs 605 List Logic with IP ACLs 605 Matching Logic and Command Syntax 607 Matching the Exact IP Address 607 Matching a Subset of the Address with Wildcards 607 Binary Wildcard Masks 609 Finding the Right Wildcard Mask to Match a Subnet 610 Matching Any/All Addresses 610 Implementing Standard IP ACLs 610 Standard Numbered ACL Example 1 611 Standard Numbered ACL Example 2 613 Troubleshooting and Verification Tips 614 Practice Applying Standard IP ACLs 616 Practice Building access-list Commands 616 Reverse Engineering from ACL to Address Range 617 Exam Preparation Tasks 619 Answers to Earlier Practice Problems 621 Chapter 23 Advanced IPv4 ACLs and Device Security 623 "Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 623 Foundation Topics 626 Extended Numbered IP Access Control Lists 626 Matching the Protocol, Source IP, and Destination IP 626 Matching TCP and UDP Port Numbers 628 Extended IP ACL Configuration 631 Extended IP Access Lists: Example 1 631 Extended IP Access Lists: Example 2 633 Practice Building access-list Commands 634 Named ACLs and ACL Editing 635 Named IP Access Lists 635 Editing ACLs Using Sequence Numbers 637 Numbered ACL Configuration Versus Named ACL Configuration 640 Router and Switch Security 641 Review: Password Protections for the CLI 641 Disable Services 642 Controlling Telnet and SSH Access with ACLs 643 ACL Implementation Considerations 644 Network Time Protocol 645 Exam Preparation Tasks 648 Answers to Earlier Practice Problems 651 Chapter 24 Network Address Translation 653 "Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 653 Foundation Topics 656 Perspectives on IPv4 Address Scalability 656 CIDR 656 Route Aggregation for Shorter Routing Tables 657 IPv4 Address Conservation 658 Private Addressing 658 Network Address Translation Concepts 659 Static NAT 659 Dynamic NAT 662 Overloading NAT with Port Address Translation (PAT) 663 NAT Overload (PAT) on Consumer Routers 665 NAT Configuration and Troubleshooting 666 Static NAT Configuration 666 Dynamic NAT Configuration 668 Dynamic NAT Verification 670 NAT Overload (PAT) Configuration 673 NAT Troubleshooting 676 Exam Preparation Tasks 678 Part VI Review 680 Part VII: IP Version 6 684 Chapter 25 Fundamentals of IP Version 6 687 "Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 687 Foundation Topics 690 Introduction to IPv6 690 The Historical Reasons for IPv6 690 The IPv6 Protocols 692 IPv6 Routing 693 IPv6 Routing Protocols 695 IPv6 Addressing Formats and Conventions 696 Representing Full (Unabbreviated) IPv6 Addresses 697 Abbreviating and Expanding IPv6 Addresses 697 Abbreviating IPv6 Addresses 698 Expanding Abbreviated IPv6 Addresses 699 Representing the Prefix Length of an Address 700 Calculating the IPv6 Prefix (Subnet ID) 700 Finding the IPv6 Prefix 700 Working with More Difficult IPv6 Prefix Lengths 702 Exam Preparation Tasks 704 Answers to Earlier Practice Problems 705 Chapter 26 IPv6 Addressing and Subnetting 709 "Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 709 Foundation Topics 712 Global Unicast Addressing Concepts 712 A Brief Review of Public and Private IPv4 Addresses 712 Review of Public IPv4 Addressing Concepts 712 Review of Private IPv4 Addressing Concepts 714 Public and Private IPv6 Addresses 715 The IPv6 Global Routing Prefix 716 Address Ranges for Global Unicast Addresses 718 IPv6 Subnetting Using Global Unicast Addresses 718 Deciding Where IPv6 Subnets Are Needed 719 The Mechanics of Subnetting IPv6 Global Unicast Addresses 719 Listing the IPv6 Subnet Identifier 722 List All IPv6 Subnets 722 Assign Subnets to the Internetwork Topology 723 Assigning Addresses to Hosts in a Subnet 723 Unique Local Unicast Addresses 724 Subnetting with Unique Local IPv6 Addresses 725 The Need for Globally Unique Local Addresses 726 Exam Preparation Tasks 728 Chapter 27 Implementing IPv6 Addressing on Routers 731 "Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 731 Foundation Topics 734 Implementing Unicast IPv6 Addresses on Routers 734 Static Unicast Address Configuration 735 Configuring the Full 128-Bit Address 735 Enabling IPv6 Routing 736 Verifying the IPv6 Address Configuration 737 Generating a Unique Interface ID Using EUI-64 739 Dynamic Unicast Address Configuration 742 Special Addresses Used by Routers 743 Link-Local Addresses 744 Link-Local Address Concepts 744 Creating Link-Local Addresses on Routers 745 IPv6 Multicast Addresses 746 Broadcasts Versus Multicasts 746 Common Local Scope Multicast Addresses 747 Solicited-Node Multicast Addresses 748 Miscellaneous IPv6 Addresses 749 Exam Preparation Tasks 751 Answers to Earlier Practice Problems 753 Chapter 28 Implementing IPv6 Addressing on Hosts 755 "Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 755 Foundation Topics 758 The Neighbor Discovery Protocol 758 Discovering Routers with NDP RS and RA 759 Discovering Addressing Info for SLAAC with NDP RS and RA 760 Discovering Neighbor Link Addresses with NDP NS and NA 760 Discovering Duplicate Addresses Using NDP NS and NA 762 NDP Summary 763 Dynamic Configuration of Host IPv6 Settings 763 Dynamic Configuration Using Stateful DHCP and NDP 763 Differences Between DHCPv6 and DHCPv4 764 DHCPv6 Relay Agents 765 Using Stateless Address Autoconfiguration 767 Building an IPv6 Address Using SLAAC 767 Combining SLAAC with NDP and Stateless DHCP 768 Verification of Host IPv6 Connectivity 769 Verifying Host IPv6 Connectivity from Hosts 769 Verifying Host Connectivity from Nearby Routers 772 Exam Preparation Tasks 776 Chapter 29 Implementing IPv6 Routing 779 "Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 779 Foundation Topics 782 Connected and Local IPv6 Routes 782 Rules for Connected and Local Routes 782 Example of Connected IPv6 Routes 783 Examples of Local IPv6 Routes 785 Static IPv6 Routes 785 Static Routes Using the Outgoing Interface 786 Static Routes Using Next-Hop IPv6 Address 787 Example Static Route with a Global Unicast Next-Hop Address 788 Example Static Route with a Link-Local Next-Hop Address 788 Static Default Routes 790 Dynamic Routes with OSPFv3 791 Comparing OSPF for IPv4 and IPv6 791 OSPF Routing Protocol Versions and Protocols 791 Comparing OSPFv2 and OSPFv3 793 Configuring Single-Area OSPFv3 794 OSPFv3 Single-Area Configuration Example 796 OSPFv3 Passive Interfaces 798 Verifying OSPFv3 Status and Routes 798 Verifying OSPFv3 Configuration Settings 799 Verifying OSPFv3 Neighbors 801 Examining the OSPFv3 Database 803 Examining IPv6 Routes Learned by OSPFv3 803 Exam Preparation Tasks 805 Part VII Review 808 Part VIII: Final Review 812 Chapter 30 Final Review 815 Advice About the Exam Event 815 Learn the Question Types Using the Cisco Certification Exam Tutorial 815 Think About Your Time Budget Versus Numbers of Questions 816 A Suggested Time-Check Method 817 Miscellaneous Pre-Exam Suggestions 818 Exam-Day Advice 818 Exam Review 819 Practice Subnetting and Other Math-Related Skills 819 Take Practice Exams 821 Practicing Taking the ICND1 Exam 822 Practicing Taking the CCNA Exam 823 Advice on How to Answer Exam Questions 824 Taking Other Practice Exams 825 Find Knowledge Gaps Through Question Review 826 Practice Hands-On CLI Skills 829 Review Mind Maps from Part Review 829 Do Labs 829 Other Study Tasks 830 Final Thoughts 831 Part IX: Appendixes 832 Appendix A Numeric Reference Tables 835 Appendix B ICND1 Exam Upd ates 841 Glossary 843 DVD-only Appendixes Appendix C: Answers to the "Do I Know This Already?" Quizzes Appendix D: Practice for Chapter 12: Analyzing Classful IPv4 Networks Appendix E: Practice for Chapter 13: Analyzing Subnet Masks Appendix F: Practice for Chapter 14: Analyzing Existing Subnets Appendix G: Practice for Chapter 19: Subnet Design Appendix H: Practice for Chapter 20: Variable-Length Subnet Masks Appendix I: Practice for Chapter 21: Route Summarization Appendix J: Practice for Chapter 22: Basic IPv4 Access Control Lists Appendix K: Practice for Chapter 25: Fundamentals of IP Version 6 Appendix L: Practice for Chapter 27: Implementing IPv6 Addressing on Routers Appendix M: Memory Tables Appendix N: Memory Tables Answer Key Appendix O: Mind Map Solutions Appendix P: Study Planner 9781587143854 TOC 3/21/2013