Running qmail

Richard Blum has been a network and systems administrator for over 10 years for a large government organization. He has had the opportunity to use Unix/Linux in a network environment as an e-mail server, FTP server, and network monitoring device for at least 5 years. He also has been volunteering for a non-profit organization doing network administration for about 3 years. On this network he has designed and installed a local network file system and an Internet e-mail system for a small 24 user network.

Introduction. I. EMAIL SERVICES, QMAIL, AND NETWORKING. 1. Email Services. Early Mainframe Email Systems. Mainframe Messages. Multiple-Mainframe Email Systems. UNIX Email Systems UNIX Mail Transfer Agent Programs. UNIX Mail User Agent Programs. LAN-Based Email Systems. Email Protocols. Mail Transfer Agent Protocols. Mail User Agent Protocols. Summary 2. qmail Services. The Role of qmail in the UNIX Mail Server. The PPP Software. The UUCP Software. The MUA Server Software. The qmail Block Diagram. qmail Processes. qmail Utilities. qmail Control Files. qmail Environment Variables. The qmail Mail Delivery Process. qmail-smtpd. qmail-inject. qmail-send. qmail-clean. qmail-rspawn. qmail-remote. qmail-lspawn. qmail-local. qmail-queue. Inside the qmail Message Queue. qmail Message Queue Structure. qmail Message States. qmail and Sendmail. Summary. 3. Server Requirements for qmail. The UNIX Operating System. Memory Management. Process Management. Device Driver Management. File System Management. The FreeBSD Operating System. The FreeBSD Kernel. The FreeBSD Libraries. The Linux Operating System. The Linux Kernel. The Linux Libraries. The GNU Project. GNU Bash. GNU gcc. GNU Make. Summary. 4. DNS and qmail. History of Computer Names. Domain Names. DNS Structure. DNS Database Records. A Sample DNS Database for a Domain. DNS and Email. Using DNS Client Programs. Configuring DNS Client Files. DNS Utilities. UNIX as a DNS Server. The BIND Program. The Dnscache Program. Summary. 5. SMTP and qmail. The SMTP Protocol. Basic SMTP Client Commands. Server Responses. The SMTP Message Format. Basic RFC 822 Header Fields. Using the RFC 822 Format in an SMTP Mail Transaction. MIME and Binary Data. Extended SMTP. The QMTP Protocol. QMTP Client Commands. Server Responses. Summary. II. INSTALLING AND CONFIGURING QMAIL. 6. Installing qmail. Downloading and Compiling the qmail Source Code. Precompilation Steps. Compiling qmail. Using the FreeBSD qmail Package Installer. Using the FreeBSD qmail Port Installer. The qmail Directory Structure. The qmail Programs. The qmail Core System Programs. The qmail Mail Helper Utility Programs. The qmail Administrator Utility Programs. Summary. 7. Changing qmail Operational Parameters. Control Files. Control File Structure and Permissions. qmail Program Control Files. qmail Environment Variables. Alias Files. System Aliases. User-Created Aliases. qmail User Files. qmail Mail user Tables. qmail Admin Programs. Summary. 8. Using qmail. Create the Basic qmail Control Files. Create Necessary qmail Aliases. Determining the Local Mail Delivery Method. Use Existing Local Mail Method. Use HOME/Mailbox Method. Use HOME/Maildir Method. Starting and Testing qmail. Testing qmail Local Delivery. Testing qmail Remote Delivery. Testing qmail Alias Username Delivery. Testing qmail Bounced Messages Delivery. Setting Up the qmail Boot Script File. Starting qmail on FreeBSD Systems. Starting qmail on Linux Systems. Changing the MUA Program Interface. Setting Up qmail SMTP Capability. Using qmail-smtpd. Using the tcpwrapper Program. Using tcpwrapper to Allow Selective Relaying. User Configuration Files. Format of the .qmail File. User Alias Files. Summary. 9. Using the Maildir Mailbox Format. Standard UNIX Mailboxes. Local Message Storage. Local Message Retrieval. The Maildir Mailbox Format. Local Message Storage. Local Message Retrieval. qmail Maildir Utilities. maildirmake. maildir2mbox. maildirwatch. Using Maildir Mailboxes. Individual Users. System-Wide. Using an MUA Program to Read Maildir Mailboxes. The qmail-pop3d Program. Summary. 10. The ucspi-tcp Program. The UNIX inetd Program. Using the inetd Program. The inetd Configuration Files. Problems with the inetd Program. The ucspi-tcp Package. Installing the ucspi-tcp Package. Downloading the ucspi-tcp Source Code. Using the FreeBSD ucspi-tcp Port. The ucspi-tcp Programs. The Tcpserver Program. The Tcpclient Program. The Tcprules Program. Checking the Rules Database. Rejecting Spam Mail. Testing the SMTP Server. Sample ucspi-tcp Client Programs. Using the ucspi-tcp Package with qmail. Summary. 11. Using qmail as an ISP Mail Server. Features of an ISP Mail Server. Virtual Domains. Selective Relaying. Configuring Virtual Domains. Configuring DNS Records for Virtual Domains. Using a Single User Account. Using Limited Local Mail Support for a Virtual Domain. Using UUCP. Retrieving Mail from a Virtual Domain. Retrieving Domain Mail from a Single User Account. Retrieving Domain Mail from a UUCP Account. Configuring Selective Relaying. Setting Environment Variables Using the Tcpwrappers Program. Setting Environment Variables Using the Tcpserver Program. Summary. 12. Using qmail as an Office Mail Server. Requirements for an Office Mail Server. Full-Time Internet Connection. Dial-Up Internet Connection. Dial-on-Demand Internet Connection. UUCP ISP Connection. Transferring Messages to the ISP. Downloading the Serialmail Program. Compiling and Installing the Serialmail Program. The Serialmail Executable Programs. Using the Serialmail Programs. On a Local Mail Server. On the ISP Mail Server. Summary. 13. qmail Server Administration. Userid Maintenance. System User Accounts. qmail User Accounts. The UNIX Syslogd Program. Customizing the System Log. Syslogd Configuration File. The qmail Alternative Logging Program. Reading qmail Logs. Status Messages. Fatal Problems. Serious Problems. Messages. Deliveries. Warnings. The Qmailanalog Package. The Matchup Program. The Xrecipient Program. The Xsender Program. Summary. 14. Migrating from Sendmail to qmail. What Is Sendmail? Sendmail Files and Directories. The Sendmail Mail Engine. The Sendmail Aliases System. The Sendmail Statistics Programs. Configuring qmail to Use the Standard Sendmail Mailboxes. qmail Utilities for Using Sendmail Files. Using the Sendmail Alias File. Using Sendmail .forward Files. Other Sendmail Configuration Considerations. The Sendmail virtusertable File. The Sendmail sendmail.cw File. Summary. III. ADVANCED QMAIL TOPICS. 15. Supporting Mail Lists. Types of Mail Lists. Open and Closed Mail Lists. Moderated and Unmoderated Mail Lists. Remote Administration of Mail Lists. Digests of Mail Lists. Archives of Mail Lists. The Majordomo Program. Downloading Majordomo. Installing Majordomo. A qmail-Specific Mail List Program. Downloading Ezmlm. Programs in the Ezmlm Package. Controlling Ezmlm Features. Creating and Using a Simple Mail List. Extending the Ezmlm Mail List Package. Summary. 16. The Daemontool Utilities. Downloading and Compiling Daemontools. Using Daemontools. Supervising Programs. Controlling Supervised Programs. Starting Multiple Supervised Programs. Checking the Status of a Service. Quick Status Check of a Supervised Program. Supervising Programs That Run in Background. Running a Program with New Resource Limits. Creating Log Files Without Logger. Adding a Timestamp. Converting TAI64N Times to Local Time. Running a Program as Another User ID. Running a Program with a Users Environment Variables. Running a Program with Specific Environment Variables. Using a Lock File for a Program. Using Daemontools with qmail. The qmail-send Supervise Scripts. The qmail-smtpd Supervise Scripts. Starting the qmail Svscan Scripts. Summary. 17. Installing and Configuring POP3 and IMAP Servers. Email MDA Protocols. POP3. IMAP. The qmail-pop3d Program. The Qpopper Program. Downloading Qpopper. Configuring Qpopper. University of Washington IMAP. Downloading and Installing UW IMAP. Configuring UW POP3. Configuring UW IMAP. Summary. 18. Configuring a PPP Server. The Point-to-Point Protocol. What Is PPP? PPP Protocol Frames. PPP Negotiation Phases. Link Establishment Phase. PPP Authentication Phase. Network Protocol Establishment Phase. Link Termination Phase. UNIX PPP Server Configuration. Installing the pppd Program. Configuring the pppd Program. Using the pppd Program. The mgetty+sendfax Program. Installing the mgetty+sendfax Program. Configuring mgetty for PPP Support. The mgetty Log Files. Summary. 19. Supporting Dial-In Clients. Configuring Dial-In Modems. Using Modems in UNIX. Controlling FreeBSD Serial Ports. Controlling Linux Serial Ports. Configuring UNIX Dial-In Clients. Using the pppd Program. Using the Chat Program. The Diald Program. The Kppp Program. Configuring Windows 95/98 Clients. Configuring Windows NT and 2000 Clients. The Eudora POP3 Client Software. Downloading Eudora. Installing Eudora. Configuring Eudora. Using Eudora. Summary. Index.