Industrial Image Processing

1. Introduction.- 1.1 Why write another book about image processing?.- 1.2 Possibilities and limitations.- 1.3 Types of inspection tasks.- 1.4 Structure of image processing systems.- 1.5 Solution approach.- 1.6 Introductory example.- 1.7 From here.- 2. Overview: Image Preprocessing.- 2.1 Gray scale transformations.- 2.2 Image arithmetic.- 2.3 Linear filters.- 2.4 Median filter.- 2.5 Morphological filters.- 2.6 Other non-linear filters.- 2.7 Global operations.- 2.8 Key terms.- 3. Positioning.- 3.1 Position of an individual object.- 3.2 Orientation of an individual object.- 3.3 Robot positioning.- 3.4 Key terms.- 4. Overview: Segmentation.- 4.1 Regions of interest.- 4.2 Thresholding.- 4.3 Contour tracing.- 4.4 Edge based methods.- 4.5 Template matching.- 4.6 Key terms.- 5. Mark Identification.- 5.1 Bar code identification.- 5.2 Character recognition.- 5.3 Recognition of pin-marked digits on metal.- 5.4 Block codes on rolls of film.- 5.5 Print quality inspection.- 5.6 Key terms.- 6. Overview: Classification.- 6.1 What is classification?.- 6.2 Classification as function approximation.- 6.3 Instance-based classifiers.- 6.4 Function-based classifiers.- 6.5 Remarks on the application of neural networks.- 6.6 Key terms.- 7. Dimensional Checking.- 7.1 Gauging tasks.- 7.2 Simple gauging.- 7.3 Shape checking on a punched part.- 7.4 Angle gauging on toothed belt.- 7.5 Shape checking on injection-molded part.- 7.6 High accuracy gauging on thread flange.- 7.7 Calibration.- 7.8 Key terms.- 8. Overview: Image Acquisition and Illumination.- 8.1 Solid-state sensors.- 8.2 Standard video cameras.- 8.3 Other camera types.- 8.4 Transmission to the computer.- 8.5 Optical foundations.- 8.6 Illumination technology.- 8.7 Key terms.- 9. Presence Verification.- 9.1 Simple presence verification.- 9.2 Simple gauging for assembly verification.- 9.3 Presence verification using classifiers.- 9.4 Contrast-free presence verification.- 9.5 Key terms.- 10. Overview: Object Features.- 10.1 Basic geometrical features.- 10.2 Shape-descriptors.- 10.3 Gray level features.- 10.4 Key terms.- 11. Outlook: Visual Inspection Projects.- A. Mathematical Notes.- A.1 Backpropagation training.- A.1.1 Neural networks - concept and history.- A.1.2 Fundamentals.- A.1.3 Backpropagation.- A.2 Computation of the depth of field.- A.2.1 Limit distances.- A.2.2 Depth of field at infinite distance.- A.2.3 Dependence of the depth of field on the focal length.- B. The Companion CD.- References.