Introduction to Practical Formal Methods Using Temporal Logic (eBook)

Michael Fisher, Department of Computer Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool Michael Fisher is currently Professor of Computer Science at the University of Liverpool. He also heads the Logic and Computation research group and is Director of the Liverpool Verification Laboratory. Having been an active member of the research community for over 20 years, Professor Fisher is internationally recognised for his research into logic and computer science, particularly temporal verification, automated reasoning, high-level programming languages and formal methods for multi-agent systems. This has also led him to be programme chair of the International Symposium on Temporal Representation and Reasoning in 2004, and a member of the steering committee for this event. He has co-edited several books, including Advances in Temporal Logic (Kluwer, 2000), Foundations and Applications of Multi-Agent Systems (Springer-Verlag, 2002), Temporal Representation and Reasoning (IEEE Computer Society Press, 2002) and Handbook of Temporal Reasoning in Artificial Intelligence (Elsevier, 2005).

Preface vii

1 Introduction 1

1.1 Aims of the book 2

1.2 Why temporal logic? 3

1.3 What is temporal logic? 4

1.4 Structure of the book 6

2 Temporal logic 9

2.1 Intuition 10

2.2 Syntactic aspects 12

2.3 Semantics 14

2.4 Reactive system properties 22

2.5 What is temporal logic? 25

2.6 Normal form 28

2.7 Büchi automata and temporal logic 29

2.8 Advanced topics 37

2.9 Final exercises 47

3 Specification 49

3.1 Describing simple behaviours 49

3.2 A semantics of imperative programs 53

3.3 Linking specifications 60

3.4 Advanced topics 74

3.5 Final exercises 82

3.6 Where to next? 83

4 Deduction 85

4.1 Temporal proof 85

4.2 Clausal temporal resolution 87

4.3 The TSPASS system 108

4.4 Advanced topics 122

4.5 Final exercises 127

5 Model checking 129

5.1 Algorithmic verification 129

5.2 Automata-theoretic model checking 135

5.3 The Spin system 143

5.4 Advanced topics 171

5.5 Final exercises 181

6 Execution 185

6.1 From specifications to programs 185

6.2 MetateM: executing temporal formulae 188

6.3 The Concurrent MetateM system 211

6.4 Advanced topics 233

7 Selected applications 243

7.1 Model checking programs 243

7.2 Security protocol analysis 246

7.3 Recognizing temporal patterns 251

7.4 Parameterized systems 255

7.5 Reasoning with intervals 260

7.6 Planning 264

8 Summary 267

A Review of classical logic 269

A.1 Introduction 269

A.2 Propositional logic 271

A.3 Normal forms 276

A.4 Propositional resolution 279

A.5 Horn clauses 286

A.6 First-order logic 288

B Solutions to exercises 307

References 321

Index 349

"The strength of the book is the nice mixture of a
pleasant to read and gentle presentation of the underlying concepts
together with detailed tool descriptions (focused on a user's point
of view). This book is perfectly suited for a course at senior
undergraduate or beginning graduate level."
(Zentralblatt MATH, 1 December 2012)
"I highly recommend this book, both for formal methods in general
and for temporal logic in particular. It will remain within my easy
reach for a long time." (Computing Reviews, 1 December 2011)