Introduction to Statistics

1 Introduction: Why Study Statistics?.- 1.1 Minitab Appendix.- 2 Organizing and Summarizing Data.- 2.1 Stem-and-Leaf Diagrams.- 2.2 Histograms.- 2.3 Five-Number Summaries.- 2.4 Boxplots.- 2.5 Minitab Appendix.- Problem Set for Chapter 2.- 3 Intuitive Inference.- 3.1 Opinion Polls.- 3.2 Capture-Recapture.- 3.3 The Taxi Number Problem.- 3.4 Hypothesis Testing.- 3.5 Categorical and Measurement Data.- 3.6 Minitab Appendix.- Problem Set for Chapter 3.- 4 Probability.- 4.1 The Frequency Interpretation of Probability.- 4.2 Random Numbers.- 4.3 Independence.- 4.4 The Taxi Number Problem Revisited.- 4.5 Minitab Appendix.- Problem Set for Chapter 4.- 5 The Normal Distribution.- 5.1 Distributions as Probability Models.- 5.2 Areas Under the Normal Curve.- 5.3 Minitab Appendix.- Problem Set for Chapter 5.- 6 Hypothesis Testing.- 6.1 The Two-Sample Problem.- 6.2P-Values.- 6.3 Tests of Significance.- 6.4 Making Decisions.- Problem Set for Chapter 6.- 7 The Wilcoxon Two-Sample Test.- 7.1 Test Statistics for the Wilcoxon Two-Sample Test.- 7.2 The Rank Form of the Wilcoxon Two-Sample Test.- 7.3 The Wilcoxon Two-Sample Test with Tied Observations.- 7.4 Minitab Appendix.- Problem Set for Chapter 7.- 8 Nonparametric and Parametric Tests.- 8.1 The Two-Samplet-Test.- 8.2 Wilcoxon Versust-Tests.- 8.3 Minitab Appendix.- Problem Set for Chapter 8.- 9 Estimation: The Two-Sample Shift Model.- 9.1 Elementary Estimates for?.- 9.2 Point Estimates for the Shift Parameter?.- 9.3 Confidence Intervals for the Parameter?.- 9.4t-Intervals.- 9.5 Choosing an Estimate.- 9.6 Minitab Appendix.- Problem Set for Chapter 9.- 10 Point Estimates, Confidence Intervals, and Tests of Hypotheses.- 10.1 The Wilcoxon Two-Sample Test and theId-Interval.- 10.2 Elementary Estimates.- 10.3 Minitab Appendix.- Problem Set for Chapter 10.- 11 The One-Sample Problem.- 11.1 General Populations: Sign-Test Procedures.- 11.2 Symmetric Populations: Wilcoxon Procedures.- 11.3 Normal Populations:t-Tests andt-Intervals.- 11.4 MinitabAppendix.- Problem Set for Chapter 11.- 12 The Two-Sample Problem: Paired Observations.- 12.1 Lotion Y Versus LotionX.- 12.2 The Analysis of Paired Observations.- 12.3 Designing a Paired Observation Experiment.- 12.4 Estimation in Paired Observation Experiments.- 12.5 Minitab Appendix.- Problem Set for Chapter 12.- 13 The Analysis of Bivariate Data.- 13.1 Fitting a Line to a Scatter Diagram.- 13.2 Testing for Independence.- 13.3 Rank Correlation.- 13.4 Minitab Appendix.- Problem Set for Chapter 13.- 14 Least Squares Regression and Correlation.- 14.1 The Principle of Least Squares.- 14.2 The Index of Determination.- 14.3 The Correlation Coefficientr.- 14.4 A Test of Independence.- 14.5 General Regression Models.- 14.6 Minitab Appendix.- Problem Set for Chapter 14.- 15 Comparative Experiments: k-Samples.- 15.1 The Kruskal—Wallis Test.- 15.2 The Friedman Test.- 15.3 Paired Comparisons.- 15.4 Minitab Appendix.- Problem Set for Chapter 15.- 16 Analysis of Variance.- 16.1 The F-Test for theEquality of k Means.- 16.2*Analysis of Variance.- 16.3 Minitab Appendix.- Problem Set for Chapter 16.- 17 The Analysis of Categorical Data.- 17.1 The Chi-Square Statistic.- 17.2 Examples.- 17.3 Minitab Appendix.- Problem Set for Chapter 17.- 18 Chi-Square Tests for Two-Way Classifications.- 18.1 Tests of Association.- 18.2 2 x 2 Tables.- 18.3*Tests of Homogeneity and Tests of Independence.- 18.4 Minitab Appendix.- Problem Set for Chapter 18.- 19 Binomial Probabilities.- 19.1 Binomial Experiments.- 19.2 Binomial Probabilities.- 19.3 Minitab Appendix.- Problem Set for Chapter 19.- 20 The Analysis of Binomial Experiments.- 20.1 Point Estimates forp.- 20.2 Confidence Intervals forp.- 20.3 Tests of Hypotheses Aboutp.- Problem Set for Chapter 20.- Tables.