Mirrors and Reflections -  Alexandre V. Borovik,  Anna Borovik

Mirrors and Reflections (eBook)

The Geometry of Finite Reflection Groups
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2009 | 1. Auflage
XII, 184 Seiten
Springer New York (Verlag)
978-0-387-79066-4 (ISBN)
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Mirrors and Reflections' presents a systematic and elementary introduction to the properties of finite groups generated by reflections. The approach is based on fundamental geometric considerations in Coxeter complexes, and emphasizes the intuitive geometric aspects of the theory of reflection groups. The exposition is directed at advanced undergraduates and first-year graduate students, and features a large number of exercises at various levels of difficulty.
"e;Mirrors and Reflections"e; presents a systematic and elementary introduction to the properties of finite groups generated by reflections. The approach is based on fundamental geometric considerations in Coxeter complexes, and emphasizes the intuitive geometric aspects of the theory of reflection groups. The exposition is directed at advanced undergraduates and first-year graduate students, and features a large number of exercises at various levels of difficulty.

- Part I Geometric Background.- 1. Affine Euclidean Space ARn.-1.1 Euclidean Space Rn.- 1.2 Affine Euclidean Space ARn.- 1.3 Affine Subspaces.- 1.3.1 Subspaces.- 1.3.2 Systems of Linear Equations.- 1.3.3 Points and Lines .- 1.3.4 Planes .- 1.3.5 Hyperplanes.- 1.3.6 Orthogonal Projection.- 1.4 Half-Spaces.- 1.5 Bases and Coordinates.- 1.6 Convex Sets.- 2 Isometries of ARn .- 2.1 Fixed Points of Groups of Isometries.- 2.2 Structure of IsomARn .- 2.2.1 Translations.- 2.2.2 Orthogonal Transformations .- 3 Hyperplane Arrangements.- 3.1 Faces of a Hyperplane Arrangement.- 3.2 Chambers.- 3.3 Galleries.- 3.4 Polyhedra.- 4 Polyhedral Cones.- 4.1 Finitely Generated Cones .- 4.1.1 Cones.- .1.2 Extreme Vectors and Edges .- 4.2 Simple Systems of Generators.- 4.3 Duality .- 4.4 Duality for Simplicial Cones .- 5 Faces of a Simplicial Cone.- Part II Mirrors, Reflections, Roots.- 5 Mirrors and Reflections.- 6 Systems of Mirrors.- 6.1 Systems of Mirrors.- 6.2 Finite Reflection Groups.- 7 Dihedral Groups.- 7.1 Groups Generated by two Involutions.- 7.2 Proof of Theorem 7.1 .- 7.3 Dihedral Groups: Geometric Interpretation .- 8 Root Systems.- 8.1 Mirrors and their Normal Vectors.- 8.2 Root Systems.- 8.3 Planar Root Systems.- 8.4 Positive and Simple Systems.- 9 Root Systems An¡1, BCn, Dn.- 9.1 Root System An¡1 .- 9.1.1 A Few Words about Permutations .- 9.1.2 Permutation Representation of Symn .- 9.1.3 Regular Simplices .- 9.1.4 The Root System An¡1 .- 9.1.5 The Standard Simple System.- 9.1.6 Action of Symn on the Set of all Simple Systems .- 9.2 Root Systems of Types Cn and Bn .- 9.2.1 Hyperoctahedral Group.- 9.2.2 Admissible Orderings.- 9.2.3 Root Systems Cn and Bn.- 9.2.4 Action of W on C.- 9.3 The Root System Dn.- Part III Coxeter Complexes.- 10 Chambers.- 11 Generation.- 11.1 Simple Reflections.- 11.2 Foldings.- 11.3 Galleries and Paths.- 11.4 Action of W on C.- 11.5 Paths and Foldings.- 11.6 Simple Transitivity of W on C: Proof of Theorem 11.6.- 12 Coxeter Complex.- 12.1 Labeling of the Coxeter Complex.- 12.2 Length of Elements in W.- 12.3 Opposite Chamber.- 12.4 Isotropy Groups.- 12.5 Parabolic Subgroups.- 13 Residues.- 13.1 Residues.- 13.2 Example.- 13.3 The Mirror System of a Residue.- 13.4 Residues are Convex.- 13.5 Residues: the Gate Property.- 13.6 The Opposite Chamber.- 14 Generalized Permutahedra.- Part IV Classification.- 15 Generators and Relations.- 15.1 Reflection Groups are Coxeter Groups. 15.2 Proof of Theorem 15.1.- 16 Classification of Finite Reflection Groups.- 16.1 Coxeter Graph.- 16.2 Decomposable Reflection Groups.- 16.3 Labeled Graphs and Associated Bilinear Forms.- 16.4 Classification of Positive Definite Graphs.- 17 Construction of Root Systems.- 17.1 Root System An.- 17.2 Root System Bn, n > 2.- 17.3 Root System Cn, n > 2.- 17.4 Root System Dn, n > 4.- 17.5 Root System E8.- 17.6 Root System E7 17.7 Root System E6.- 17.8 Root System F4 .- 9 Root System G2 .- 17.10 Crystallographic Condition .- 18 Orders of Reflection Groups .- Part V Three-Dimensional Reflection Groups.- 19 Reflection Groups in Three Dimensions.- 19.1 Planar Mirror Systems.- 19.2 From Mirror Systems to Tessellations of the Sphere.- 19.3 The Area of a Spherical Triangle.- 19.4 Classification of Finite Reflection Groups in Three Dimensions.- 20 Icosahedron.- 20.1 Construction.- 20.2 Uniqueness and Rigidity.- 20.3 The Symmetry Group of the Icosahedron.- Part VI Appendices.- A The Forgotten Art of Blackboard Drawing.- B Hints and Solutions to Selected Exercises.- References.- Index.

Erscheint lt. Verlag 7.11.2009
Reihe/Serie Universitext
Sprache englisch
Themenwelt Mathematik / Informatik Mathematik Algebra
Mathematik / Informatik Mathematik Geometrie / Topologie
Technik
Schlagworte abstract algebra • Algebra • area • classification • convex polyhedra • Coxeter Group • Finite Semigroups • geometric group theory • Graph • group theory • Lie Algebras • linear algebra • Parabolic Subgroups • Permutation • reflection groups • SiM • Symmetry group
ISBN-10 0-387-79066-7 / 0387790667
ISBN-13 978-0-387-79066-4 / 9780387790664
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