TCP/IP Sockets in C (eBook)

Front Cover 1
TCP/IP Sockets in C 4
Copyright Page 5
Table of Contents 6
Preface to the Second Edition 10
Chapter 1. Introduction 16
1.1 Networks, Packets, and Protocols 16
1.2 About Addresses 19
1.2.1 Writing Down IP Addresses 19
1.2.2 Dealing with Two Versions 20
1.2.3 Port Numbers 20
1.2.4 Special Addresses 21
1.3 About Names 22
1.4 Clients and Servers 22
1.5 What Is a Socket? 23
Exercises 24
Chapter 2. Basic TCP Sockets 26
2.1 IPv4 TCP Client 26
2.2 IPv4 TCP Server 32
2.3 Creating and Destroying Sockets 37
2.4 Specifying Addresses 38
2.4.1 Generic Addresses 38
2.4.2 IPv4 Addresses 39
2.4.3 IPv6 Addresses 39
2.4.4 Generic Address Storage 40
2.4.5 Binary/String Address Conversion 41
2.4.6 Getting a Socket’s Associated Addresses 41
2.5 Connecting a Socket 42
2.6 Binding to an Address 42
2.7 Handling Incoming Connections 43
2.8 Communication 45
2.9 Using IPv6 45
Exercises 47
Chapter 3. Of Names and Address Families 50
3.1 Mapping Names to Numbers 50
3.1.1 Accessing the Name Service 51
3.1.2 Details, Details 55
3.2 Writing Address-Generic Code 56
3.2.1 Generic TCP Client 58
3.2.2 Generic TCP Server 61
3.2.3 IPv4–IPv6 Interoperation 64
3.3 Getting Names from Numbers 65
Exercises 66
Chapter 4. Using UDP Sockets 68
4.1 UDP Client 69
4.2 UDP Server 72
4.3 Sending and Receiving with UDP Sockets 75
4.4 Connecting a UDP Socket 76
Exercises 77
Chapter 5. Sending and Receiving Data 78
5.1 Encoding Integers 79
5.1.1 Sizes of Integers 79
5.1.2 Byte Ordering 81
5.1.3 Signedness and Sign Extension 82
5.1.4 Encoding Integers by Hand 83
5.1.5 Wrapping TCP Sockets in Streams 86
5.1.6 Structure Overlays: Alignment and Padding 88
5.1.7 Strings and Text 91
5.1.8 Bit-Diddling: Encoding Booleans 93
5.2 Constructing, Framing, and Parsing Messages 94
5.2.1 Framing 101
5.2.2 Text-Based Message Encoding 106
5.2.3 Binary Message Encoding 109
5.2.4 Putting It All Together 111
5.3 Wrapping Up 112
Exercises 112
Chapter 6. Beyond Basic Socket Programming 114
6.1 Socket Options 114
6.2 Signals 115
6.3 Nonblocking I/O 121
6.3.1 Nonblocking Sockets 122
6.3.2 Asynchronous I/O 123
6.3.3 Timeouts 127
6.4 Multitasking 131
6.4.1 Per-Client Processes 132
6.4.2 Per-Client Thread 138
6.4.3 Constrained Multitasking 141
6.5 Multiplexing 143
6.6 Multiple Recipients 148
6.6.1 Broadcast 149
6.6.2 Multicast 152
6.6.3 Broadcast vs. Multicast 157
Exercises 157
Chapter 7. Under the Hood 158
7.1 Buffering and TCP 160
7.2 Deadlock Danger 163
7.3 Performance Implications 164
7.4 TCP Socket Life Cycle 165
7.4.1 Connecting 165
7.4.2 Closing a TCP Connection 169
7.5 Demultiplexing Demystified 173
Exercises 175
Chapter 8. Socket Programming in C++* 176
8.1 PracticalSocket Library Overview 177
8.2 Plus One Service 179
8.2.1 Plus One Server 179
8.2.2 Plus One Client 181
8.2.3 Running Server and Client 183
Exercises 183
8.3 Survey Service 183
8.3.1 Survey Support Functions 184
8.3.2 Survey Server 187
8.3.3 Survey Client 191
8.3.4 Running Server and Client 193
8.4 Survey Service, Mark 2 193
8.4.1 Socket Address Support 194
8.4.2 Socket iostream Interface 195
8.4.3 Enhanced Survey Server 196
8.4.4 Enhanced Survey Client 201
8.4.5 Administrative Client 202
8.4.6 Running Server and Clients 203
Exercises 204
References 206
Index 208