Emergency and Security Lighting (eBook)

Cover 1
Contents 5
Preface 7
Acknowledgements 8
Part 1 Emergency Lighting Systems 9
1 Introduction 11
2 System selection 15
2.1 Self-contained systems 16
2.2 Small central systems 16
2.3 Large central battery systems 17
2.4 Central inverter systems 17
3 Design considerations 19
3.1 Points of emphasis 20
3.2 Defined escape routes – level of illumination 22
3.3 Essential areas – luminaire locations 22
3.4 Photometric design 24
3.5 Anti-panic/open core areas – level of illumination 24
3.6 High risk task area lighting 29
3.7 Exit signs – format and size 29
3.8 Disability glare 31
4 Self- contained systems 34
4.1 Wiring techniques 36
4.2 Luminaires – range of variants 39
4.3 Edge illuminated signs 43
4.4 Fault finding – commissioning and testing 44
5 Central battery systems 48
5.1 Small central systems 50
5.2 Large central battery systems 52
5.3 Central inverter systems 56
6 Wiring systems 64
6.1 Protection against fire and mechanical damage 65
7 Batteries and data 81
7.1 Self-contained systems 81
7.2 Central battery systems 85
7.3 Maintenance – battery rooms and ventilation 88
8 Low mounted way guidance systems and ancillary applications 91
8.1 Low mounted way guidance systems 91
8.2 Ancillary equipment and duties 94
9 Automatic intelligent testing 97
10 Reference information 104
10.1 Definitions and terminology 104
10.2 Certification and standards 108
10.3 Lighting fundamentals 112
10.4 Classification of luminaires 113
10.5 Battery data 114
Part 2 Security Lighting Systems 119
11 Architecture 121
11.1 Demand lighting 122
11.2 Extended period lighting 124
12 Selection of lighting system 127
12.1 Risk 128
12.2 Automatic or manual operation 132
12.3 Type of luminaire 133
12.4 Wiring forms 135
12.5 Level of illuminance 136
12.6 Capacity of system 138
12.7 Integration 139
12.8 Budget 140
13 Luminaires and light forms 142
13.1 Essential duty lamps 143
13.2 Discharge lamps 149
14 Detection techniques 158
14.1 Automatic detection 158
14.2 Dual technology verification 168
15 Demand lighting 170
16 Extended period lighting 181
17 CCTV and observation lighting 190
18 Energy management 198
19 Integrated systems and central station monitoring 204
20 Reference information 209
20.1 Environmental protection 209
20.2 Multiplication factors 210
20.3 Common multiples 210
20.4 Standards, regulations and codes of practice 210
Index 213