Nanomaterials, Nanotechnologies and Design (eBook)

Front cover 1
Half title page 2
Title page 4
Copyright page 5
Table of contents 6
Preface 13
Acknowledgments 19
Chapter 1: Nanomaterials and Nanotechnologies: An Overview 21
Why Nanomaterials? 21
Scale, Structure, and Behavior 31
Further Reading 35
Chapter 2: An Evolutionary Perspective 37
A Brief History of Materials 37
Nanomaterials and Nanostructures in Nature 43
Nanomaterials in Art and Cultural Heritage 49
Further Reading 58
Chapter 3: The Design Context 61
Materials in Design 61
Product Design, Architecture, and Engineering 69
Environments, Systems, and Assemblies 79
The Design and Development Process 90
A Design Vignette 98
Further Reading 105
Chapter 4: Material Classes, Structure, and Properties 107
Classes of Materials 107
The Internal Structure of Materials 109
Mechanical Behavior 123
Thermal Behavior 133
Electrical Behavior 137
Magnetic Behavior 147
Optical Behavior 152
Acoustic Behavior 161
Further Reading 164
Chapter 5: Material Property Charts and Their Uses 167
Material Property Charts 167
Using Charts to Select Translation, Screening, Ranking, and Documentation 174
Plotting Limits and Indices on Charts 178
Resolving Conflicting Objectives 182
Further Reading 190
Chapter 6: Nanomaterials: Classes and Fundamentals 197
Classification of Nanomaterials 197
Size Effects 202
Further Reading 217
Chapter 7: Nanomaterials: Properties 219
Mechanical Properties 219
Thermal Properties of Nanomaterials 231
Electrical Properties 238
Magnetic Properties 242
Optical Properties 247
Acoustic Properties 252
Special Cases 253
Further Reading 274
Chapter 8: Nanomaterials: Synthesis and Characterization 277
Synthesis of Nanoscale Materials and Structures 277
Characterization of Nanomaterials 291
Further Reading 309
Chapter 9: Design Environments and Systems 311
Environments and Systems 311
Structural and Mechanical Environments 313
The Thermal Environment 327
Electrical and Magnetic Environments 348
Light and Optical Environments 354
Sound and Acoustical Environments 384
Enabling Environments and Systems: Energy 399
Interactive, Smart, and Intelligent Systems and Environments 409
Nanomaterials Costs 416
Further Reading 421
Chapter 10: Nanomaterial Product Forms and Functions 423
Characterizing Forms and Functions 423
Functional Characteristics 426
“Smart” Behaviors 447
Nanoproduct Forms 451
Further Reading 485
Chapter 11: Nanomaterials and Nanotechnologies in Health and the Environment 487
The Context 487
Medical and Pharmaceutical NANOTECHNOLOGY Applications 488
Health Concerns 492
Environmental Benefits and Impacts 501
Further Reading 519
Chapter 12: The Broader Context 521
Industry Perspectives 521
The Automotive Industry 522
The Building and Construction Industry 530
Aerospace, Textiles, Sports, and Other Industries 538
A Closing Comment 543
Further Reading 545
Index 547