PEM Fuel Cell Modeling and Simulation Using Matlab (eBook)

Front cover 1
PEM Fuel Cell Modeling and Simulation Using MATLAB® 4
Copyright page 5
Table of contents 6
Acknowledgments 10
CHAPTER 1: An Introduction to Fuel Cells 12
1.1 Introduction 12
1.2 What Is a Fuel Cell? 13
1.3 Why Do We Need Fuel Cells? 15
1.4 History of Fuel Cells 17
1.5 Mathematical Models in the Literature 19
1.6 Creating Mathematical Models 23
Chapter Summary 24
Problems 25
Bibliography 25
CHAPTER 2: Fuel Cell Thermodynamics 26
2.1 Introduction 26
2.2 Enthalpy 27
2.3 Specific Heats 29
2.4 Entropy 38
2.5 Free Energy Change of a Chemical Reaction 44
2.6 Fuel Cell Reversible and Net Output Voltage 55
2.7 Theoretical Fuel Cell Efficiency 55
Chapter Summary 58
Problems 58
Bibliography 59
CHAPTER 3: Fuel Cell Electrochemistry 60
3.1 Introduction 60
3.2 Basic Electrokinetics Concepts 60
3.3 Charge Transfer 62
3.4 Activation Polarization for Charge Transfer Reactions 64
3.5 Electrode Kinetics 65
3.6 Voltage Losses 75
3.7 Internal Currents and Crossover Currents 84
Chapter Summary 86
Problems 86
Bibliography 87
CHAPTER 4: Fuel Cell Charge Transport 88
4.1 Introduction 88
4.2 Voltage Loss Due to Charge Transport 88
4.3 Electron Conductivity of Metals 99
4.4 Ionic Conductivity of Polymer Electrolytes 100
Chapter Summary 105
Problems 107
Bibliography 107
CHAPTER 5: Fuel Cell Mass Transport 108
5.1 Introduction 108
5.2 Fuel Cell Mass Balances 109
5.3 Convective Mass Transport from Flow Channels to Electrode 119
5.4 Diffusive Mass Transport in Electrodes 121
5.5 Convective Mass Transport in Flow Field Plates 125
5.6 Mass Transport Equations in the Literature 131
Chapter Summary 135
Problems 135
Bibliography 136
CHAPTER 6: Heat Transfer 138
6.1 Introduction 138
6.2 Basics of Heat Transfer 139
6.3 Fuel Cell Energy Balances 143
6.4 Fuel Cell Heat Management 167
Chapter Summary 175
Problems 175
Bibliography 176
CHAPTER 7: Modeling the Proton Exchange Structure 178
7.1 Introduction 178
7.2 Physical Description of the Proton Exchange Membrane 179
7.3 Types of Models 182
7.4 Proton Exchange Membrane Modeling Example 188
Chapter Summary 203
Problems 204
Bibliography 204
CHAPTER 8: Modeling the Gas Diffusion Layers 208
8.1 Introduction 208
8.2 Physical Description of the Gas Diffusion Layer 209
8.3 Basics of Modeling Porous Media 210
8.4 Modes of Transport in Porous Media 213
8.5 Types of Models 221
8.6 GDL Modeling Example 226
Chapter Summary 247
Problems 247
Bibliography 250
CHAPTER 9: Modeling the Catalyst Layers 254
9.1 Introduction 254
9.2 Physical Description of the PEM Fuel Cell Catalyst Layers 256
9.3 General Equations 257
9.4 Types of Models 259
9.5 Heat Transport in the Catalyst Layers 266
Chapter Summary 273
Problems 276
Bibliography 276
CHAPTER 10: Modeling the Flow Field Plates 280
10.1 Introduction 280
10.2 Flow Field Plate Materials 282
10.3 Flow Field Design 283
10.4 Channel Shape, Dimensions, and Spacing 286
10.5 Pressure Drop in Flow Channels 287
10.6 Heat Transfer from the Plate Channels to the Gas 294
Chapter Summary 307
Problems 307
Bibliography 308
CHAPTER 11: Modeling Micro Fuel Cells 310
11.1 Introduction 310
11.2 Micro PEM Fuel Cells in the Literature 312
11.3 Microfluidics 318
11.4 Flow Rates and Pressures 324
11.5 Bubbles and Particles 325
11.6 Capillary Effects 326
11.7 Single- and Two-Phase Pressure Drop 327
11.8 Velocity in Microchannels 329
Chapter Summary 341
Problems 341
Bibliography 343
CHAPTER 12: Modeling Fuel Cell Stacks 346
12.1 Introduction 346
12.2 Fuel Cell Stack Sizing 346
12.3 Number of Cells 348
12.4 Stack Configuration 349
12.5 Distribution of Fuel and Oxidants to the Cells 351
12.6 Stack Clamping 357
Chapter Summary 370
Problems 371
Bibliography 371
CHAPTER 13: Fuel Cell System Design 376
13.1 Introduction 376
13.2 Fuel Subsystem 377
Chapter Summary 401
Problems 401
Bibliography 402
CHAPTER 14: Model Validation 404
14.1 Introduction 404
14.2 Residuals 404
14.3 Normal Distribution of Normal Random Errors 409
14.4 Missing Terms in the Functional Part of the Model 412
14.5 Unnecessary Terms in the Model 416
Chapter Summary 418
Problems 419
Bibliography 419
APPENDIX A 420
APPENDIX B 422
APPENDIX C 424
APPENDIX D 426
APPENDIX E 428
APPENDIX F 430
APPENDIX G 438
APPENDIX H 440
APPENDIX I 442
APPENDIX J 444
Index 446