International Review of Cytology (eBook)

Front Cover 1
Structural and Functional Organization of the Nuclear Matrix 4
Copyright Page 5
Contents 6
Contributors 10
Preface 12
List of Abbreviations 14
Chapter 1. Nuclear Matrix Proteins as Structural and Functional Components of the Mitotic Apparatus 18
I. Introduction 18
II. Nuclear Mitotic Apparatus Protein 20
III. Targeting and Relocation of Nuclear Matrix Proteins to the Mitotic Apparatus 37
IV. Concluding Remarks 77
References 78
Chapter 2. Nuclear Matrix Isolated from Plant Cells 92
I. Introduction 92
II. Isolation of Plant Nuclear Matrices: Protein Composition and Ultrastructural Organization of the Corresponding Structures 96
III. Structural Domains of the Plant Nuclear Matrix and 3-D Organization of Its Components 105
IV. Interactions of the Nuclear Matrix with Plant Cytoskeleton 107
V. Subfractionation of the Plant Nuclear Matrix 112
VI. Correspondence of the Nuclear Matrix Components with the Functional and Structural Domains of Nuclei in Situ 140
VII. MAR Sequences in Plants 144
VIII. Concluding Remarks 146
References 148
Chapter 3. The Dynamic Properties and Possible Functions of Nuclear Lamins 158
I. Introduction 158
II. Molecular Aspects of Nuclear Lamins 159
III. Structure and Dynamic Properties of the Nuclear Lamins 165
IV. Functions of the Nuclear Lamins 177
V. Concluding Remarks: Summary and Prospects 187
References 190
Chapter 4. Intracellular Structure and Nucleocytoplasmic Transport 200
I. Introduction 201
II. Intracellular Macromolecule Transport: Theoretical Considerations 203
III. Nucleocytoplasmic Transport: Perspectives, Models, and Evidence 210
IV. Messenger Transport in Virally Infected Cells 227
V. Conclusions and Future Prospects 230
References 232
Chapter 5. Toward a Molecular Understanding of the Structure and Function of the Nuclear Pore Complex 252
I. Introduction 252
II. Architecture of the Nuclear Pore Complex 253
III. Toward the Molecular Details of the NPC 263
IV. Molecular Trafficking through the NPC 270
V. Concluding Remarks 276
References 277
Chapter 6. Nuclear Pore Complex Proteins 284
I. Introduction 284
II. Nucleocytoplasmic Transport 285
III. Nuclear Pore Complexes 287
IV. Nuclear Pore Complex Proteins 291
V. Nuclear Pore Complex Dynamics 318
VI. Future Directions 321
References 322
Chapter 7. Targeting and Association of Proteins with Functional Domains in the Nucleus: The Insoluble Solution 330
I. Introduction 330
II. Targeting of Proteins to the Nucleolus 332
III. Sites and Organizations of RNA Processing 337
IV. DNA Replication Foci in Mammalian Nuclei 341
V. Insoluble Solutions Derived from Functional Domains in the Nucleus 350
VI. Concluding Remarks 352
References 354
Chapter 8. Nuclear Matrix Acceptor Binding Sites for Steroid Hormone Receptors: A Candidate Nuclear Matrix Acceptor Protein 364
I. Introduction 364
II. Mechanisms of Steroid-Regulated Gene Expression 365
III. Role of Nuclear Matrix in Steroid Hormone Action 371
IV. Nuclear Acceptor Sites for Steroid Receptors and Acceptor Proteins Bound to DNA 372
V. Acceptor Proteins for Steroid/Thyroid Hormone Receptors: Receptor Binding Factors (RBFs) 375
VI. Binding of the Avian Progesterone Receptor RBF to the Promoter Region of c-myc 382
VII. Role of MAR Sequences in Gene Transcription and Potential for RBF-1 Binding to MAR-like Elements 383
VIII. Role of Steroid Receptor Accessory Factors in Nuclear/Chromatin Binding 386
IX. Model for Interactions among Transcriptional Regulators 392
X. Summary and Conclusions 393
References 395
Chapter 9. Nuclear Matrix and the Cell Cycle 404
I. Introduction 404
II. Cell Cycle Regulation 407
III. Cell Cycle Dependence of Nuclear Matrix Constituents 409
IV. Cell Cycle Dependence of Nuclear Matrix-Associated Proteins 414
V. Conclusions 424
References 424
Chapter 10. Specificity and Functional Significance of DNA Interaction with the Nuclear Matrix: New Approaches to Clarify the Old Questions 432
I. Introduction 432
II. Determination of the Size of DNA Loops 434
III. Analysis of the Sequence Specificity of Nuclear Matrix DNA 438
IV. Excision of DNA Loops by Selective DNA Cleavage at Matrix Attachment Sites 452
V. DNA Loops as Basic Units of the Genome Organization and Evolution 462
VI. Nuclear Matrix as a System of Channels Used for mRNP Transport 465
VII. Concluding Remarks 467
References 468
Index 476