Mapping Nanotechnology Innovations and Knowledge (eBook)

Dr. Hsinchun Chen is McClelland Professor of Management Information Systems (MIS) at the Eller College of Management of the University of Arizona. He received the Ph.D. degree in Information Systems from New York University in 1989, MBA in Finance from SUNY-Buffalo in 1985, and BS in Management Science from the National Chiao-Tung University in Taiwan. Dr. Chen is a Fellow of IEEE and AAAS. He received the IEEE Computer Society Technical Achievement Award in 2006. He is author of 20 books and more than 150 SCI journal articles covering knowledge management, digital library, homeland security, Web computing, and biomedical informatics in leading information technology publications. He serves on ten editorial boards, including: Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, ACM Transactions on Information Systems, ACM Journal on Educational Resources in Computing, IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, International Journal of Digital Library, and Decision Support Systems. He has served as a Scientific Advisor/Counselor of National Library of Medicine (USA), Academia Sinica (Taiwan), and National Library of China (China). Dr. Mihail C. Roco is the Senior Advisor for Nanotechnology at the National Science Foundation (NSF) and a key architect of the National Nanotechnology Initiative. Dr. Roco is the founding Chair of the U.S. National Science and Technology Council's Subcommittee on Nanoscale Science, Engineering and Technology (NSET), and leads the Nanotechnology Group of the International Risk Governance Council. Prior to joining the National Science Foundation, he was Professor of mechanical and chemical engineering. Dr. Roco is credited with thirteen patents, and has contributed over two hundred articles and sixteen books. Dr. Roco is a corresponding member of the Swiss Academy of Engineering Sciences and member of the International Risk Governance Council. He is a Fellow of ASME, Fellow of AIChE and Fellow of the Institute of Physics, and was elected as Engineer of the Year by the U.S. Society of Professional Engineers and NSF in 1999 and again in 2004. He was awarded the National Materials Advancement Award from the Federation of Materials Societies in 2007 "as the individual most responsible for support and investment in nanotechnology by government, industry, and academia worldwide".  

TABLE OF CONTENTS 6
PREFACE 10
Introduction 10
Scope and Organization 10
Main Features in This Book 11
Audience 16
AUTHOR BIOGRAPHIES 17
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 20
Chapter 1 NANOTECHNOLOGY: AN EMERGING FIELD 21
CHAPTER OVERVIEW 21
1. DEFINITION 22
2. HISTORY 22
3. INTERNATIONAL NANOTECHNOLOGY R& D INVESTMENT
4. INTERNATIONAL PUBLICATIONS OUTCOMES 26
5. TECHNICAL CHALLENGES AND POTENTIAL ADVANCES: 2007– 2020 29
6. NATIONAL NANOTECHNOLOGY INITIATIVE 33
7. ENVIRONMENTAL, HEALTH AND SAFETY IMPLICATIONS 35
8. QUESTIONS FOR DISCUSSION 38
Chapter 2 KNOWLEDGE MAPPING: FOUNDATION 39
CHAPTER OVERVIEW 39
1. INVISIBLE COLLEGES AND KNOWLEDGE MAPPING 40
2. ONLINE RESOURCES FOR KNOWLEDGE MAPPING 41
3. UNITS OF ANALYSIS AND REPRESENTATIONS 44
4. QUESTIONS FOR DISCUSSION 46
Chapter 3 KNOWLEDGE MAPPING: ANALYSIS FRAMEWORK 47
CHAPTER OVERVIEW 47
1. TEXT MINING 48
1.1 Natural Language Processing 48
1.2 Content Analysis 49
2. NETWORK ANALYSIS 52
2.1 Social Network Analysis 53
2.2 Complex Networks 54
3. INFORMATION VISUALIZATION 57
3.1 Information Representation 57
3.2 User-Interface Interaction 67
4. QUESTIONS FOR DISCUSSION 68
Chapter 4 MAPPING NANOTECHNOLOGY INNOVATIONS VIA THE USPTO DATABASE: A LONGITUDINAL STUDY, 1976- 2002 69
CHAPTER OVERVIEW 69
1. INTRODUCTION 70
2. RESEARCH DESIGN 70
3. DATA DESCRIPTION 72
4. BASIC BIBLIOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS 73
4.1 Indicators 73
4.2 Basic Analysis Results for Countries, Institutions, and Technology Fields 74
5. PATENT CONTENT MAPS 88
5.1 Overall Content Map 88
5.2 Time-series Content Maps 93
6. CITATION NETWORKS 100
6.1 Country Citation Network 100
6.2 Institution Citation Network 103
6.3 TECHNOLOGY FIELD CITATION NETWORK 106
7. CONCLUSIONS 109
8. QUESTIONS FOR DISCUSSION 110
Chapter 5 FEDERAL FUNDING AND NANOTECHNOLOGY INNOVATIONS: NSF FUNDING AND USPTO PATENT ANALYSIS, 1991- 2002 111
CHAPTER OVERVIEW 111
1. INTRODUCTION 112
2. BASIC ANALYSIS OF AWARD AND PATENT DATA 113
2.1 Award Data 114
2.2 Patent Data 116
2.3 Trend Analysis 119
2.4 Linking NSF Award and Patent Data 122
3. CONTENT MAP ANALYSIS 124
3.1 Content Map Analysis for 1991-1995 125
3.2 Content Map Analysis for 1996-2000 129
3.3 Content Map Analysis for 2001-2002 135
3.4 Award/Patent Map Topic Associations 140
4. CRITICAL PATENT/INVENTOR ANALYSIS 142
4.1 Measures 143
4.2 Subfield Analysis 144
4.3 Sample Patent Citation Networks 153
5. STATISTICAL HYPTHOSESIS TESTING GROUP COMPARISON 158
6. CONCLUSIONS 161
7. QUESTIONS FOR DISCUSSION 161
Chapter 6 TOPOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF PATENT CITATION NETWORKS: NANOTECHNOLOGY AT USPTO, 1976- 2004 162
CHAPTER OVERVIEW 162
1. INTRODUCTION 163
2. RELEVANT LITERATURE 163
3. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 165
3.1 Data Acquisition 165
3.2 Network Creation 166
3.3 Network Analysis 166
4. NETWORK ANALYSIS FOR NANOTECHNOLOGY 168
4.1 Data 169
4.2 Analysis Results 169
5. CONCLUSIONS 185
6. QUESTIONS FOR DISCUSSION 186
Chapter 7 GOVERNMENT RESEARCH INVESTMENT AND NANOTECHNOLOGY INNOVATIONS: NSF FUNDING AND USPTO PATENT ANALYSIS, 2001- 2004 187
CHAPTER OVERVIEW 187
1. INTRODUCTION 188
2. NSF AWARD DATA AND USPTO PATENT DATA 188
2.1 Award Data 192
2.2 Linking NSF Award and USPTO Patent Data 195
3. TREND ANALYSIS 195
4. CONTENT MAP ANALYSIS 198
4.1 Content Map Analysis for 2001-2002 198
4.2 Content Map Analysis for 2003-2004 201
5. PATENT AND INVENTOR IMPACT ANALYSIS 206
5.1 Measures 206
5.2 Patent Citation Growth 207
5.3 Comparison of the Impact of Different Groups 209
5.4 Statistical Analysis 210
6. CONCLUSIONS 215
7. QUESTIONS FOR DISCUSSION 216
Chapter 8 ACADEMIC LITERATURE CITATION IN PATENTS: A LONGITUDINAL STUDY OF USPTO PATENTS, 1976- 2004 217
CHAPTER OVERVIEW 217
1. INTRODUCTION 218
2. PATENT CITATIONS TO ACADEMIC LITERATURE 219
2.1 Patent-to-Article Text Parsing Challenges 223
2.2 Technology Field Analysis 226
3. PATENT CITATIONS TO SIGNIFICANT RESEARCH ARTICLES, INDIVIDUALS, AND JOURNALS 229
4. CONCLUSIONS 234
5. QUESTIONS FOR DISCUSSION 235
Chapter 9 WORLDWIDE NANOTECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF USPTO, EPO, AND JPO PATENTS, 1976- 2004 236
CHAPTER OVERVIEW 236
1. INTRODUCTION 237
2. METHODS 238
2.1 Data Acquisition 238
2.2 Patent Parsing 240
2.3 Analysis of Research Status 241
3. DATA DESCRIPTION 242
4. BASIC BIBLIOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS 244
4.1 Country Analysis 244
4.2 Assignee Institution Analysis 251
4.3 Technology Field Analysis 256
5. CONTENT MAP ANALYSIS 262
5.1 Content Map Analysis for 1976 (1978)-1989 262
5.2 Content Map Analysis for 1990-1999 263
5.3 Content Map Analysis for 2000-2004 266
6. CITATION NETWORK ANALYSIS 270
7. CONCLUSIONS 272
8. QUESTIONS FOR DISCUSSION 273
Chapter 10 MAPPING NANOTECHNOLOGY KNOWLEDGE VIA LITERATURE DATABASE: A LONGITUDINAL STUDY, 1976- 2004 274
CHAPTER OVERVIEW 274
1. INTRODUCTION 275
2. DATA DESCRIPTION 276
2.1 Data Source Comparison: SCI, Compendex, and INSPEC 276
2.2 Collection Statistics 277
3. BIBLIOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS 282
3.1 Country Publication Trend 282
3.2 Institution Publication Trend 284
3.3 Journal Publication Trend and High-impact Journals 284
4. CONTENT MAP ANALYSIS 286
4.1 Content Map Analysis for 1990-1999 286
4.2 Content Map Analysis for 2000-2004 287
5. CITATION NETWORK ANALYSIS 290
5.1 Country Citation Network 290
5.2 Institution Citation Network 292
6. CONCLUSIONS 294
7. QUESTIONS FOR DISCUSSION 295
Chapter 11 THE NANO MAPPER SYSTEM: ACCESSING AND VISUALIZING NANOTECHNOLOGY PATENTS AND GRANTS 296
CHAPTER OVERVIEW 296
1. INTRODUCTION 297
2. RESEARCH BACKGROUND 298
2.1 Patent Analysis 298
2.2 Grant Analysis 299
2.3 Web Portals for Nanotechnology 299
3. NANO MAPPER SYSTEM DESIGN 300
3.1 Data Acquisition 301
3.2 Parsing 303
3.3 System Building 304
3.4 Nano Mapper System Functionalities 305
4. CASE STUDY: NANOTECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT IN USPTO ( 2005- 2006) 312
4.1 Country Analysis: (1976-2004) vs. (2005-2006) 312
4.2 Institution Analysis: (1976-2004) vs. (2005-2006) 313
5. CONCLUSIONS 314
6. QUESTIONS FOR DISCUSSION 314
APPENDIX 315
A. KEY COUNTRIES, INSTITUTIONS, AND INVENTORS IN USPTO DATABASE, 2005-2007 315
A1. Full-Text Search 315
A2. Title-Abstract Search 318
B. KEY COUNTRIES, INSTITUTIONS, AND INVENTORS IN THE EPO DATABASE, 2005-2007 321
C. KEY INSTITUTIONS AND INVENTORS IN THE JPO DATABASE, 2005- 2007 323
REFERENCES 326
SUBJECT INDEX 335