OntoCAPE (eBook)

Wolfgang Marquardt, born in 1956 in Germany, studied Chemical Engineering at the University of Stuttgart and graduated with the degree of a "Dipl-Ing. " in 1982. Subsequently, he worked for the Institute of System Dynamics and Control of the University of Stuttgart and completed his dissertation in 1988. He was honored with the Award of the Alumni Foundation of the University of Stuttgart (Freunde der Universität Stuttgart). He left the University of Stuttgart in 1989 to do post-doctoral research on a NATO-scholarship at the UWPREL in the Department of Chemical Engineering at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. He was distinguished with the Arnold-Eucken-Preis of VDI-GVC for his accomplishments on the analysis and control of distillation processes in 1990.In 1991 to finish the "Habilitation" on "Dynamic Modelling and Simulation of Chemical Processes". In 1992, he moved to RWTH Aachen University of Technology where he was appointed to Professor for Process Systems Engineering. Since then he has build up a research group of about 30 people with various projects in different areas of process systems engineering. In 1998, Wolfgang has been appointed a member of the North-Rhine-Westfalian Academy of Sciences (Nordrhein-Westfälische Akademie der Wissenschaften). In 2001, Wolfgang has been awarded the Leibniz-Preis 2001 of DFG, which is the most prestigious prize in science and engineering in Germany. Since 2004, he is a member of both the senate and the joint committee of DFG (German Research Foundation). His areas of interest: methods and computer-aids for process modeling, analysis and design emphasizing process dynamics, process monitoring, process operation and process control.Jan Morbach, born in 1976 in Germany, studied Mechanical Engineering majoring Chemical Engineering at RWTH Aachen University and Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, and received his Diploma (Dipl.-Ing) in 2002. He worked at AVT – Process Systems Engineering RWTH Aachen from 2002 to 2007 as a research assistant. His areas of interest are: ontology engineering, knowledge management in chemical engineering, , and computer-aided process design. Since 2007, Jan works as a process engineer for Bayer Technology Services in area of conceptual design.Andreas Wiesner, born in 1981 in Germany, studied Mechanical Engineering majoring Chemical Engineering at RWTH Aachen University and Imperial College London, and received his Diploma (Dipl.-Ing) in 2006. Since 2006, he works as a research assistant at AVT – Process Systems Engineering RWTH Aachen. His areas of interest are: Data integration in chemical engineering, ontology engineering, computer-aided process design. Aidong Yang, born in 1971 in China, received a B. Eng. degree from Hebei University of Technology in 1992 and a Ph.D. degree from Dalian University of Technology in 1997, both in Chemical Engineering. In his postdoctoral career, he worked for several institutions in the area of process systems engineering, with a focus on information modelling and mathematical modelling of chemical process systems. In particular, he was a research fellow at AVT-process systems Engineering RWTH Aachen from 1999 to 2004, where his research was mainly devoted to the development and applications of ontologies for process engineering. Aidong is currently a lecturer at Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences in University of Surrey, with research interests in areas including mathematical modelling and optimisation of process systems, application of knowledge engineering methods in process/product development and manufacturing, and integration of engineering software tools.

Preface 5
Motivation for this Book 5
Target Audience 7
Accessing and Using OntoCAPE 8
About the Authors 9
Acknowledgements 10
Contents 13
Introduction 19
The Need of Knowledge-Based Systems 19
The Role of Ontologies 22
The Reusability-Usability Trade-off Problem 23
Objective and Outline of the Book 25
References 27
Scientific Background 29
Ontology in Philosophy 29
Ontology in Computer Science 30
Representation of Formal Ontologies 32
Informal and Formal Specification of an Ontology 38
What an Ontology Is and Isn’t 40
Classification of Ontologies 42
Summary 46
References 47
Overview on OntoCAPE 52
Overview and Structure 52
Representation and Dissemination 57
The Meta Model 58
The Upper Layer 61
The Conceptual Layer 63
The Application Layers 68
References 70
Meta Model 74
Introduction 74
Fundamental Concepts 78
Mereology 87
Topology 94
Data Structures 106
References 122
Upper Level 126
System 127
Network System 153
Technical System 158
Coordinate System 168
Tensor Quantity 170
References 176
Supporting Concepts 180
Mathematical Relation 180
Physical Dimension (Partial Model) 187
SI Unit (Partial Model) 192
Space and Time 196
Geometry 202
References 210
Material 212
Material (Partial model) 212
Substance (Partial Model) 215
Phase System 243
References 256
Chemical Process Systems 258
Chemical Process System (Partial Model) 258
CPS Function 263
CPS Realization 279
Plant Equipment 291
Process Control Equipment 293
CPS Behavior 295
CPS Performance 321
Process Units 330
References 336
Mathematical Models 339
Mathematical Model (Ontology module) 340
Equation System 347
Numerical Solution Strategy 352
Cost Model 356
Process Model 358
Laws 361
Property Models 364
Process Unit Models 366
References 367
Design Principles of OntoCAPE 369
Coherence 369
Conciseness 371
Intelligibility 373
Adaptability 377
Minimal Ontological Commitment 380
Efficiency 380
Conclusions 382
References 382
Related Work on Ontologies for Engineering Applications 385
History of OntoCAPE 385
Work by Other Research Groups 390
References 399
Evolutionary Improvement and Validation through Applications 407
Process Modeling 408
Knowledge Management in Engineering Design 413
Integration of Design Information 421
Some Measures of Improvement 428
References 432
Conclusions 440
OntoCAPE in a Nutshell 440
Design Rationale 441
Ontology Evolution by a Continuous Improvement Process 442
From Product to Process 443
Semantic Technologies in Engineering – Dream or Reality? 445
References 447
Bibliography 449
Index 478
Index of Concept Descriptions 485