IUTAM Symposium on Recent Advances of Acoustic Waves in Solids (eBook)

IUTAM Symposium on Recent Advances of Acoustic Waves in Solids 3
Preface 5
In Honor of Professor Yih-Hsing Pao’s 80th Birthday 7
Table of Contents 13
Part I Waves in General 19
Existence of Exceptional Body Waves and Subsonic Surface Waves in Monoclinic and Orthotropic Materials 20
1. Introduction 20
2. Basic Equations 21
3. Exceptional Body Wave 22
4. First Transonic State of Type 1 24
5. Monoclinic Materials with the Symmetry Plane at x1=0 25
6. Monoclinic Materials with the Symmetry Plane at x2=0 27
7. Monoclinic Materials with the Symmetry Plane at x3=0 31
8. Orthotropic Materials 32
9. Conclusion 34
References 34
Deformation Waves in Microstructured Materials: Theory and Numerics 36
1. Introduction 36
2. Governing Equations 37
3. Internal Variables 38
3.1 Single Wave Equation 39
3.2 System of Equations 39
4. Numerical Simulations 40
4.1 Algorithm Description 40
4.2 Linear Waves 41
4.3 Weakly Nonlinear Waves 43
5. Conclusions 44
References 45
Part II Waves and NDE 47
Generation and Propagation of Anti-Plane Surface Waves on a Body with Depth-Dependent Properties 48
1. Introduction 48
2. Governing Equations 50
3. Generation of Anti-Plane Surface Waves 50
4. Determination of V(z) 53
5. Results and Discussion 55
References 58
Resonance Ultrasound Microscopy for Imaging Young’s Modulus of Solids 59
1. Introduction 59
2. Isolated Langasite Oscillator 60
3. Vibrational Analysis 62
4. Elastic and Anelastic Imaging 64
5. Conclusions 66
References 66
Non-Classical Nonlinearity in Solids for Defect-Selective Imaging and NDE 67
1. Introduction 67
2. Phenomenology of Harmonic Generation via CAN 68
2.1 “Clapping” Mechanism 68
2.2 Nonlinear Friction Mechanisms 69
3. CAN Nonlinear Resonance Modes 71
4. Experimental Study of Non-Classical CAN Spectra 72
5. CAN Application for Nonlinear Imaging and NDE 74
References 77
Counterpropagating Ultrasonic Waves for Inhomogeneous Materials Characterization 78
1. Introduction 78
2. Problem Formulation 80
2.1 Prestressed Material 80
2.2 Functionally Graded Material 81
3. Counterpropagating Waves 82
4. Nondestructive Material Characterization 83
4.1 Inhomogeneous Prestress 84
4.1.1 Qualitative prestress characterization 85
4.1.2 Quantitative prestress characterization 86
4.2 Functionally Graded Material 87
5. Conclusions 88
References 88
Ultrasonic Characterization of the Mechanical Properties of Thin Films and Coatings 90
1. Introduction 90
2. Line-Focus Acoustic Microscopy 91
3. Photoacoustic Methods 92
3.1 Broadband Guided-Wave PA Method 93
3.2 Narrowband Guided-Wave PA Method 95
3.3 Bulk-Wave PA Method 97
References 99
Evaluation of Corrosion in Carbon Steel Pipes by Laser-Generated Guided Wave 100
1. Introduction 100
2. Selective Generation and Reception of Guided Wave Mode 101
3. Specimen and Experimental Setup 102
4. Experimental Results 104
4.1 Characteristic of L(0.1), L(0.2) Modes in Defect Region of Elbow 104
4.2 Defect Localization along the Longitudinal Direction 106
5. Conclusions 106
References 107
Measurement of Surface and Lamb Waves with Application on Acoustic Sensing and Non-Destructive Evaluation 108
1. Introduction 108
2. PVDF Focusing Transducers 109
2.1 Fabrication of Focusing PVDF Transducers 109
2.2 Defocusing Measurement and V(f,z) Waveform Processing 111
3. Micro-machined PZT Transducer and Measurement 113
3.1 Fluid Loading Effects of Leaky Lamb Waves 113
3.2 Miniature PZT Transducer and Differential Measurement 113
References 116
Part III Phononic Crystals 117
Guided Elastic Waves at Periodically Structured Surfaces and Interfaces 118
1. Introduction 118
2. Guided Waves at a Periodic Array of Coplanar Slits 120
2.1 Interfacial Waves 122
2.2 Pseudo Interfacial Waves in Scattering 123
3. SAW’s in a Periodically Patterned Thin Film Structure on Silicon 124
3.1 Experiment 125
3.2 Surface Wave Dispersion and Bandgaps Inside the BZ 125
3.3 Pseudo Surface Mode 127
References 127
Acoustic Cloaking by Metafluids 129
1. Introduction 129
2. Acoustic Cloaking in 2D 130
3. Multilayered Design 131
4. Acoustic Cloaking in 3D 135
References 136
Band Structure and Phonon Transport in a Phononic Crystal Made of a Periodic Array of Dots on a Membrane 137
1. Introduction 137
2. Dispersion Curves and Band Gaps 139
2.1 Cylindrical Dots of Circular Shape 139
2.2 Negative Slope Branch 141
2.3 Confined Phonons in a Waveguide 143
2.4 Cylindrical Dots of Circular Shape 144
3. Phonon Transport between two Substrates across a Periodic Array of Particles 145
4. Conclusions 147
References 148
Material Parameters Determining the Band Gaps of Solid-Solid Phononic Crystals 149
1. Introduction 149
2. Theory 150
3. Results and Discussion 152
3.1 Anti-Plane Mode 153
3.2 In-Plane Mode 154
4. One-Dimensional System 156
5. Concluding Remarks 157
References 158
Behavior of Wave Motion in an Acoustic Metamaterial with Anisotropic Mass Density 159
1. Introduction 159
2. Elastic Solid with Anisotropic Effective Mass Density 161
2.1 Representative Elastic Solid 161
2.2 Dispersion Curves 162
3. Wave Reflection and Transmission 163
3.1 Wave propagation from a Fluid-Like Material to the Metamaterial 164
3.2 A Metamaterial Sandwiched between two FL Media 169
4. Conclusion 172
References 173
Complex Band Structure of Phononic Crystals and the Diffraction Problem 174
1. Introduction 174
2. Diffraction in Phononic Crystals 175
3. Complex Band Structures 176
4. Complex Isofrequency Plots 179
5. A Diffraction Example 180
6. Conclusion 182
References 182
Versatile Phononic Slabs 183
1. Introduction 183
2. On the Properties of Viscoelastic Phononic Crystals 185
3. Slabs of Heterostructures and Gap Optimization 190
4. Conclusions and Remarks on the Versatility 192
References 193
Omnidirectional Band Gap Mirror for Surface Acoustic Wave 194
1. Introduction 194
2. Omnidirectional Elastic Band Gap 195
3. Defect Mode Structures 197
4. Omnisaw Devise Results 198
5. Conclusion 199
References 199
Band Structure of Three-Dimensional Phononic Crystals with an Opal Structure 200
1. Introduction 200
2. Model and Formulation 202
3. Numerical Results 204
4. Concluding Remarks 207
References 207
Bandgap Characteristics of a 3D Phononic Meta Material Composed of Ordered Quantum Dots 208
1. Introduction 208
2. Sample Structure 209
3. Experimental Results and Discussions 210
3.1 Raman Measurement 210
3.2 Transient Reflectivity Measurement 211
4. Conclusions 214
References 215
Analytical and Experimental Analysis of Bandgaps in Nonlinear one Dimensional Periodic Structures 216
1. Introduction 217
2. Analytical Analysis of Dispersion 218
2.1 Equations of Motion 218
2.2 Perturbation Analysis 219
2.3 Dispersion Relations 221
3 Experimental Results 222
3.1 Experiment Setup 222
3.2 Results 224
4. Conclusions 225
References 226
Lamb Waves in Phononic-Crystal Plates: Numerical Studies and Experiments 227
1. Introduction 227
2. Flat Phononic-Crystal Plates 228
2.1 Dispersion and Complete Band Gaps 228
2.2 Resonant Cavities 230
3. Stubbed Phononic-Crystal Plates 233
3.1 Dispersion Relations of the Plate Modes 233
3.2 Complete Band Gaps and Resonant Modes 234
3.3 Waveguiding and Frequency Selection 235
4. Conclusion 237
References 237
Part IV Wave Electronics 238
Phase-Sensitive and Fast-Scanning Laser Probe System for RF SAW/BAW Devices 239
1. Introduction 239
2. System Setup 241
3. Measurement Examples 244
4. Conclusions 247
References 249
A Two-Dimensional Analysis of Surface Acoustic Waves in Finite Piezoelectric Plates 250
1. Introduction 250
2. Two-Dimensional Equations 251
3. Surface Acoustic Waves in Piezoelectric Plates 255
4. Numerical Examples 259
5. Conclusions 260
References 261
Wireless Drive of Piezoelectric Components 262
1. Introduction 262
2. Experimental Methods 263
3. Theoretical Analyses 265
3.1 Theoretical Calculation of Electric Field 265
3.2 Equivalent Circuit Model 266
4. Results and Discussion 267
4.1 Parallel Plate Capacitor Structure 267
4.2 Focused Electric Field Structure 268
4.3 Dipole Antenna-Like Structure 270
5. Summary 271
References 272
Novel High Frequency, Temperature Stable, Quartz Gyroscopes 273
1. Introduction 273
2. Principles of the Quartz AT-Cut Vibratory Gyroscope 274
2.1 AT-Cut Quartz Plate-Gyroscope 274
2.2 Gyroscopic Sensing Principles of the Tines 276
3. Nonlinear Analysis of the Vibratory Gyroscope 276
3.1 Governing Equations for the AT-Cut Quartz Plate-Gyroscope 277
3.1.1 Strain-displacement, and electric field-potential relations 277
3.1.2 Constitutive relations 277
3.1.3 Equations of motion and electrostatics 277
4. Results of the AT-Cut Quartz Plate-Gyroscope 278
4.1 Frequency Response of the Plate-Gyroscope to Angular Velocity about the Y-Axis 278
4.1.1 Changes in the electric potential at edge electrodes due to angular velocity about the Y-axis 279
4.1.2 Changes in the admittance at top driving electrode due to angular velocity about the Y-axis 280
4.2 Models without Nonlinear Elastic Constants 280
5. Summary and Conclusion 281
References 282
COM Model Characterization for RF SAW Devices 283
1. Introduction 283
2. Harmonic Admittance Approximation 284
2.1 Physical Rational Approximation 285
2.2 Spectral Domain Model 285
2.3 COM Harmonic Admittance Model 286
3. COM Model Characterization 287
3.1 Application of the Rational Approximation 289
3.2 COM Reflection Coefficient 290
4. Results 291
4.1 46°YX LiTaO3 One-Port Resonator 291
4.2 128°YX LiNbO3 BIDT One-Port Resonator 292
4.3 48°YX LiTaO3 BIDT Coupled Resonator 293
5. Conclusion 294
References 294
Propagation Characteristics of Surface Acoustic Wave and Properties of Gas Sensors on Quartz 295
1. Introduction 295
2. Theoretical Analysis 296
3. Results and Discussion 300
4. Conclusions 303
References 304
Three Dimensional Displacement Measurement of Transient Elastic Wave Propagation Using a Multidimensional Point-Wise Fiber Bragg Grating Displacement Sensor System 305
1. Introduction 305
2. Principle and Setup of the FBG Sensing System 306
3. Experimental Results and Discussion 308
4. Conclusions 314
References 317
Part V Seminar Section 318
Band Structure Calculations by Modal Analysis 319
1. Introduction 319
2. Reduced Bloch Mode Expansion 321
2.1 Method 321
2.2 Results 322
3. Conclusions 323
References 324
Band Gap in Phononic Crystal Thin Plate with/without Mirror Plane 325
1. Introduction 325
2. Numerical Study 326
3. Conclusion 331
References 331
Radial Sonic Crystals 332
1. Introduction 332
2. Invariance of the Wave Equation 333
3. Band Structure 335
4. Resonances 337
5. Conclusions 338
References 338
Polarization States in 2D Phononic Crystals and Phononic Crystal Waveguides 339
1. Introduction 339
2. Polarization States inside a Two Dimensional Phononic Crystal 340
3. Polarization States inside a Two Dimensional Phononic Crystal Waveguide 342
4. Conclusion 344
References 345
Dispersion Analysis of Wave Motion in Microstructured Solids 346
1. Introduction 346
2. The Basic Model 347
3. Dispersion Analysis 349
4. Final Remarks 351
References 351
On the Role that Scholte Waves Play in Acoustic Propagation along a Fluid-Solid Interface 352
1. Introduction 352
2. Theory 354
3. Examples 356
References 358
Forced Motions in Rectangular Elastic Waveguide 360
1. Introduction 360
2. Theoretical Analysis 361
2.1 Statement of the Problem 361
2.2 Method of Solution 362
2.2.1 Normal modes in rectangular waveguide 362
2.2.2 Efficiency of mode excitation 363
3. Numerical Results 365
References 366
Dispersion Behaviors of ASF Modes Propagating along Wedges Tips with Coatings 373
1. Introduction 373
2. Materials and Samples 375
3. Laser Ultrasound Measurements 375
4. Results and Discussions 376
5. Conclusions 378
References 378
Normal Waves in Anisotropic Cylinders of Sector Cross-Section 367
1. Introduction 367
2. Formulation 368
2.1 Geometrical and Material Description of the Waveguides 368
2.2 Obtaining an Analytic Form of Dispersing Relations 369
3. Numerical Results 370
4. Conclusion 372
References 372
Scattering from a Rectangular Crack in a Cladding 379
1. Introduction 379
2. Problem Formulation 380
3. The Green’s Tensor for the Structure without a Crack 381
4. The Integral Equation for the Crack Opening Displacement 382
5. The Signal Response 382
6. Numerical Results 383
7. Concluding Remarks 384
References 384
Defect Inspection of Complex Structure in Pipes by Guided Waves 385
1. Introduction 385
3. Finite Element Simulation 387
3.1 Finite Element Model 387
3.2 The Reflection of the Support Bracket 388
4. Time-Frequency Analysis 389
4.1 Wavelet Transform [6] 390
4.2 The Spectrum Analysis of Continuous Wavelet Transform 390
5. Conclusions 391
References 391
SAW Gas Sensor with Nanostructured Sensing Materials 392
1. Introduction 392
2. Experimental Details 393
3. Measurement Results 394
4. Conclusions 396
References 397
Design of IF Two-Track Surface Acoustic Wave Filters Using (100) AlN/Diamond Structures 398
1. Introduction 398
2. SAW Parameters Calculation 399
3. Results and Discussions 400
4. Conclusions 403
References 403
Acoustic Wave Properties of (100) AlN Films 404
1. Introduction 404
2. Bulk Acoustic Wave Properties of (100) AlN Films 405
3. Surface Acoustic Wave Properties of (100) AlN Films on Diamond 406
3.1 Rayleigh SAW Modes of (100)AlN/Diamond 406
3.2 Shear Horizontal SAW Modes of (100)AlN/Diamond 406
4. Conclusion 407
References 409
Probing Viscoelastic Properties of Polymer Solution Boundary Layers Using Quartz Crystal Resonator 410
1. Introduction 410
2. The Technique 411
3. Experimental 413
4. Experimental Results and Discussion 414
References 419
Appendix I: Symposium Program 420
Appendix II: List of Participants 431