Architecture and Design for the Future Internet (eBook)

Luis M. Correia received the Ph.D. in Electrical and Computer Engineering from IST-TUL (Technical University of Lisbon) in 1991, where he is currently a Professor in Telecommunications, with his work focused in Wireless/Mobile Communications in the areas of propagation, channel characterisation, radio networks, traffic, and services. He has acted as a consultant for Portuguese mobile communications operators and the telecommunications regulator, besides other public and private entities. Besides being responsible for research projects at the national level, he has been active in various ones within European frameworks of RACE, ACTS, IST, ICT and COST (where he also served as evaluator and auditor), having coordinated two COST projects. He has been supervising students at both the M.Sc. and Ph.D. levels, having authored many papers and communications in international journals and conferences, for which he has served also as a reviewer, editor, and board member. He was part of the COST Domain Committee on ICT. He was the Chairman of the Technical Programme Committee of several conferences, namely PIMRC’2002. He is part of the Expert Advisory Group and of the Steering Board of the European eMobility platform, and the Chairman of its Working Group on Applications.

Architecture and Design for the Future Internet 2
Foreword 4
Preface 7
Disclaimer 8
Contents 9
Contributors 11
Editors 11
Other Contributors 12
List of Acronyms 13
List of Figures 22
List of Tables 25
Introduction 26
Problems with Current Internet 26
Internet's Core Architecture and Evolution Model Is No Longer Suitable 27
Ossification of Internet 27
Surge of Unwanted Traffic, Including but Not Limited to SPAM 28
Configuration and Management Complexity 29
Lack of Privacy and Accountability 30
Poor Support for Mobility and Multi-homing 30
Short 4WARD Overview 31
Position of 4WARD in Europe and EC Projects and Other Regions 33
EU Framework Programme 7 33
FIND (Future Internet Design) US 33
GENI (Global Environment for Network Innovation) US 34
Akari Japan 34
The Book 35
A System Overview 39
Background and Motivation 39
The 4WARD System Model 40
The Architecture Framework 42
Strata, Netlets, and the Design Repository 42
The Design Process 44
In-Network Management 45
Network Virtualization 47
Generic Paths 48
Network of Information 49
Conclusion, Reading Guidelines 51
References 51
Socio-economic 52
Introduction/Setting the Scene 52
Overview 52
Usage and Services 54
Socio-economics 54
Regulation 55
Non-technical Requirements 57
Scenarios for Evaluation of the Major Driving Forces 60
Definition of Scenarios 60
Business Environments 61
Business Use Cases 63
Network Virtualisation 63
Overview 63
Business Perspectives 64
Regulatory Perspectives of Interconnection Issues 67
New Ways of Information Delivery 70
Overview 70
Regulatory Perspectives of Security, Privacy and Confidentiality Issues 72
Overview on Internet of Things 75
Overview on Community-Oriented Applications 76
Conclusions 77
References 80
Network Design 82
Introduction 82
Architecture Framework and Its Basic Constructs 84
Network Design: Strata 87
Node Design: Node Architecture 89
Component Design: Component Based Architecture 91
Design Process 93
Phases of the Design Process 93
Design Repository 95
Network Virtualisation Overview 97
The VNet Lifecycle 99
Creation of Virtual Networks 102
Instantiation and Management of Virtual Networks 103
Virtualisation Supporting Substrate Node Architecture 104
Virtual Links 106
End User Attachment to Virtual Networks 107
Conclusions 108
References 109
Naming and Addressing 111
The Role of Names and Addresses 111
A Basic View: Names, Addresses, and Compartments 112
What Is a Name, an Address? 112
Some Structural Aspects of Name 113
Structures in Communication Systems 114
Layers 115
Functionally Complete Structures-DIF 115
Compartments 116
Generic Paths 117
Names and Addresses vs. Structures 117
Addresses Come from the Outside 117
Basic Communication: The Need for a "Node Compartment" 119
Information Hiding and Name/Address Binding 120
Neighborhood 122
Neighbor Discovery 123
Neighbor Discovery in an Arbitrary Compartment 123
Neighbor Discovery in a Node Compartment 124
Data Structures for Names and Addresses 125
A Centerpiece: Name Resolution 128
Name Resolution Is Neighbor Discovery 128
Discovering All Neighbors as a Special Case 129
Name Resolution vs. Routing 130
Configuring Name Resolution 130
Two-Compartment Situations 130
Broadcast-Based Resolution 130
Lookup-Based Resolution 131
Name Resolution with a Helper Compartment 132
Name Resolution Configuration Table 132
Bootstrapping the Name Resolution Configuration Table 133
Late Resolution as a Special Case 133
Conclusions 134
References 135
Security Aspects and Principles 136
Introduction 136
Business Models and Security Implications 138
Owning as a Concept in the Digital World 138
Life in a Goldfish Bowl 140
Managing Security and Secure Management 142
Security Aspects Pertaining to the 4WARD Architecture Pillars 143
Virtualization of the Physical Substrate 143
Building Paths-The 4WARD Generic Path 144
Network of Information 145
In-Network Management 148
Conclusions 150
References 151
Interdomain Concepts and Quality of Service 153
Introduction 153
Domain Concept 154
Interconnection Models 154
Interconnection in the Internet 155
Interconnection in the Mobile Data World 156
Service Ubiquity 157
Towards a New Interconnection Model 157
Interconnection Requirements 157
Interworking Principles 158
New Peering Models 160
Architecture Elements 160
Interconnection in the Virtual Networking World 161
Inter-domain QoS 163
Introduction 163
The Inter-provider QoS Problem 164
QoS in the Future Internet-New Challenges and Tools 165
QoS in a Network Virtualisation Environment 167
Conclusion 169
References 169
Managing Networks 171
Introduction 171
Limitations of Existing Approaches 172
The INM Approach 172
Scope and Contributions 173
A Framework for INM 174
INM Principles 174
INM Transitional Degrees 175
Architecture of the INM Framework 176
INM Real-Time Situation Awareness 179
Algorithmic Aspects of Real-Time Monitoring 180
Distributed Anomaly Detection 182
Adaptive Avoidance of Network Implosion 183
Search in Dynamic and Self-organizing Networks 185
Self-adaptation Within In-Network Management 186
Ensuring INM Stability 187
Emergent Behavior-Based Congestion Control 188
Relation to Other 4WARD Technologies 189
Concluding Remarks 190
References 191
How Connectivity Is Established and Managed 193
Introduction 193
Flows and Paths 194
Components of a Path-Centric Network Architecture 195
Entity 195
Compartment 196
Generic Path 196
Hook 197
Endpoint 197
Optional: ForMuxer 197
Optional: Mediation Points 198
Mapping of Functions into the Architectural Building Blocks 198
Endpoints and Entities-State Information Keepers 199
Endpoints and Entities-Data Processing and Control 199
Prerequisite Mechanisms to Set up Generic Paths 200
GP Service Discovery 200
Resource Description Frameworks 201
Neighbor Discovery and Routing 201
Name Resolution 203
Establishing Connectivity 204
Generic Path API 207
Creating a New GP 207
Using a GP 207
Modifying an Existing GP 207
Managing Connectivity 207
Multipath Routing and Cooperative Transmission 209
Cooperation and Coding Framework (CCFW) 209
Components of the CCFW 210
CCFW in the GP Architecture 211
CF Layers (CFLs) and Transformation Modules (TMs) 211
Management 212
Observation Modules (OMs) 212
Three Ways of Managing Mobility 213
Dynamic Mobility Anchoring 213
Anchorless Mobility Design 215
Multi-homed End-to-End Mobility 216
Triggers and Handover Decision 217
Conclusion 218
References 219
How to Manage and Search/Retrieve Information Objects 220
Introduction 220
Information-A User Perspective 222
Architectural Requirements 224
Nuts and Bolts 227
Operation 233
Evolution 235
Conclusions 239
Related Work 240
References 241
Use Case-From Business Scenario to Network Architecture 243
Background 243
Community-Based Networks 243
Business Models 245
Existing Models 245
A New Model to Support AdHoc Communities 245
AdHCs Will Address Needs/Jobs 245
AdHCs Will Be Co-workers 246
The AdHoc Community Business Scenario 246
Overview and Storyline 246
Roles, Actors, and Business Relations 247
Analysis of AdHC Business Scenario-Deriving Business-Related Requirements 250
Refinement-Deriving the Technical Requirements 252
Applying the Design Process to Define a Suitable Network Architecture 252
Introduction 252
Requirements Analysis 254
Abstract Service Design 257
Component Design 258
The Deployable Network Architecture-Components and Interfaces 258
Conclusions 261
References 261
Prototype Implementations 262
Introduction 262
Designing, Running, Deploying Network Architectures 263
Designing-Netlet Editor 263
Implementation 264
Running-Node Architecture Prototype 265
Implementation Overview 265
System Wrapper 265
Message Processing 266
Netlets 266
Support for Mobility and Dynamic Adaptation 266
VNet Management Environment Prototype 267
VNet Manager 267
VNet Agents 268
Deploying-Virtual Networks 270
Conclusion 270
Network Virtualization Architecture Prototype 272
Infrastructure and Software 272
Prototype Overview 273
Virtual Network Provisioning 274
Management Access 275
Conclusions 276
Real-Time Adaptation in Emergency Scenarios 277
Prototype Elements 277
Strata 277
Component Based Architecture (CBA) 278
In-Network Management 278
Implemented Scenario 280
Conclusion 282
Integrating Generic Paths and NetInf 282
Generic Path Prototype Implementation 282
NetInf Prototype Implementation 284
NetInf Nodes 285
NetInf Infrastructure 286
Combining GP/NetInf Prototypes 287
Conclusion 287
INM Cross-layer QoS Used in Generic Path 287
Introduction 288
Cross-layer QoS Based Testbed Used for Generic Path 288
Achievements 290
Experimental Results 290
Conclusions and Future Work 292
Conclusion 292
References 292
Conclusions 295
Socio-economics 295
Technical Results 297
Network Design 297
Naming and Addressing 299
Security 299
Interconnection 300
Network Management 300
Connectivity 301
Information Objects 301
Prototypes 302
From Research to Reality-Migration Paths for Future Internet 305
Appendix Project Description and Reports 308
Glossary 310
Index 320