Environmental Radiation Effects on Mammals (eBook)

Dr. Olga Andreevna Smirnova is currently a physicist and researcher at the Federal State Unitary Enterprise Research and Technical Center of Radiation-Chemical Safety and Hygiene, Moscow, Russia. She received her Doctor of Physical and Mathematical Sciences degree from Moscow State University, Russia. Dr. Smirnova's fields of study and expertise are modeling the dynamics of various biological systems in mammals exposed to acute/chronic radiation. Dr. Smirnova is associate member of the Scientific Commision F (Life Sciences as Related to Space) of Committee on Space Research (COSPAR). She has authored over 140 articles published in scientific journals and scientific monographs in the fields of mathematical modeling, biophysics, and space science.

Environmental Radiation Effects on Mammals 2
Preface 5
Acknowledgments 7
Contents 8
Chapter 1 Introduction 11
References 12
Chapter 2 Radiation Effects on the Blood-Forming System 17
2.1 Introduction 17
2.2 The Essentials of Hematopoiesis 18
2.3 Review of Mathematical Models of the Blood-Forming System 18
2.4 Master Model of Hematopoiesis 19
2.5 Thrombocytopoiesis Dynamics in Mammals Unexposed and Exposed to Acute/Chronic Irradiation 25
2.6 Lymphopoiesis Dynamics in Mammals Unexposed and Exposed to Acute/Chronic Irradiation 35
2.7 Erythropoiesis Dynamics in Mammals Unexposed and Exposed to Acute/Chronic Irradiation 44
2.8 Granulocytopoiesis Dynamics in Mammals Unexposed and Exposed to Acute/Chronic Irradiation 50
2.9 Acquired Radioresistance of Hematopoiesis System after Single Preirradiation 60
2.10 Acquired Radioresistance of Hematopoiesis System after Chronic Preirradiation 68
2.11 Thrombocytopoiesis Dynamics in Nonirradiated and Irradiated Humans 74
2.12 Thrombocytopoiesis Dynamics in Astronautsduring Mars Missions 82
2.13 Granulocytopoiesis Dynamics in Nonirradiated and Irradiated Humans 87
2.14 Granulocytopoiesis Dynamics in Astronautsduring Mars Missions 94
2.15 Conclusions 99
References 102
Chapter 3 The Small Intestine as a Target for Radiation 110
3.1 Introduction 110
3.2 The Essentials of the Small Intestine 110
3.3 Review of Mathematical Models of the Small IntestinalEpithelium 111
3.4 Dynamical Model of the Small Intestinal Epithelium in Nonirradiated Mammals 113
3.5 Dynamics of the Small Intestinal Epitheliumunder Chronic Irradiation 115
3.6 Dynamics of the Small Intestinal Epithelium after AcuteIrradiation 122
3.7 Conclusions 125
References 126
Chapter 4 Radiation and Humoral Immunity 129
4.1 Introduction 129
4.2 The Essentials of Immunity 130
4.3 Dynamical Model of the Humoral Immune Response to a T-independent Antigen in Nonirradiated Mammals 132
4.4 Humoral Immunity in Mammals Exposed to Chronic Irradiation 138
4.5 Humoral Immunity in Mammals Exposed to Acute Irradiation 146
4.6 Conclusions 152
References 152
Chapter 5 Modeling of Autoimmune Processes 158
5.1 Introduction 158
5.2 The Essentials of Autoimmunity 158
5.3 Dynamical Model of Autoimmunity in Nonirradiated Mammals 159
5.4 Autoimmune Reactions Induced by Chronic Irradiation 164
5.5 Autoimmune Reactions Induced by Acute Irradiation 171
5.6 Conclusions 173
References 174
Chapter 6 Individual-Based Approach to Radiation Risk Assessment 177
6.1 Introduction 177
6.2 Model of Radiation-Induced Mortality for a Homogeneous Mammalian Population 177
6.3 Mortality Dynamics in a Homogeneous Population: Gastrointestinal Subsyndrome of Acute Radiation Syndrome 182
6.4 Mortality Dynamics in a Homogeneous Population: Hematopoietic Subsyndrome of Acute Radiation Syndrome 188
6.5 Model of Radiation-Induced Mortality for a Nonhomogeneous (in Radiosensitivity) Mammalian Population 192
6.6 Populations with Normal and Log-Normal Distributions of Specimens in Radiosensitivity Index of Critical System Cells 196
6.7 Mortality Dynamics in a Nonhomogeneous Population: Gastrointestinal Subsyndrome of Acute Radiation Syndrome 200
6.8 Mortality Dynamics in a Nonhomogeneous Population: Hematopoietic Subsyndrome of Acute Radiation Syndrome 206
6.9 Conclusions 211
References 213
Conclusions 216
Index 218