Computing with Social Trust (eBook)

Preface 6
Contents 7
Contributors 9
Introduction to Computing with Social Trust 11
1.1 The Need for Social Trust 11
1.2 Challenges to Computing with Social Trust 12
1.3 Future Questions 14
1.4 Conclusions 15
References 15
Models of Social Trust 16
Examining Trust, Forgiveness and Regret as Computational Concepts 17
2.1 Introduction 17
2.2 Why Is Trust Important? Why a Formalization? 20
2.3 A Parable of the Modern Age 21
2.4 Trust as Was 23
2.5 What Can’t Trust Give Us? 26
2.6 Trust as Is, Part Zero: The Dark Side 27
2.7 Regret 30
2.8 Trust as Is, Part One: Building Regret into Trust 35
2.9 Forgiveness and the Blind and Toothless 36
2.10 Trust as Is, Part Two: The Incorporation of Forgiveness 39
2.11 Applications: Revisiting the Parable and Imagining the Future 40
2.12 RelatedWork 46
2.13 Trust as Will Be: Future Work and Conclusions 46
References 47
A Non-reductionist Approach to Trust 52
3.1 Introduction 52
3.2 Desiderata for a Logical Model of Social Trust 53
3.3 A Logic for Trust Reasoning 54
3.4 A formal Ontology of Trust 64
3.5 Comparative Trust 76
3.6 Conclusion 77
References 78
Social Trust of Virtual Identities 80
4.1 Introduction 80
4.2 Flawed Trust Computation Due to Simplistic Identity Approach 85
4.3 Entification: Bridging Trust and Virtual Identities 94
4.4 Entification Framework Evaluation 108
4.5 Conclusion 121
References 121
Propagation of Trust 126
Attack-Resistant Trust Metrics 127
5.1 Introduction 127
5.2 Attack Resistance 128
5.3 Group Trust Metric 130
5.4 Implementation in Advogato 133
5.5 Eigenvector Trust Metrics 134
References 137
On Propagating Interpersonal Trust in Social Networks 139
6.1 Introduction 139
6.2 Trust in Social Networks 141
6.3 Local Group Trust Metrics 148
6.4 Distrust 165
6.5 Discussion 171
References 172
The Ripple Effect: Change in Trust and Its Impact Over a Social Network 175
7.1 Introduction 175
7.2 Trust Inference Algorithms 177
7.3 Algorithms Studied 178
7.4 Experimental Setup 181
7.5 Results 182
7.6 Discussion and Conclusions 185
References 186
Applications of Trust 188
Eliciting Informative Feedback: The Peer-Prediction Method 189
8.1 Introduction 189
8.2 A Mechanism for Eliciting Honest Feedback 192
8.3 Extensions 199
8.4 Issues in Practical Application 204
8.5 Conclusion 210
Appendix A: Proofs 210
Appendix B: Eliciting Effort 212
References 215
Capturing Trust in Social Web Applications 217
9.1 Introduction 218
9.2 Research on Trust in the Social Web 219
9.3 Trust Sources on the Social Web 221
9.4 Source 1: Modelling Trust from Ratings in ACF Recommender Systems 224
9.5 Source 2: Extracting Trust From Online Auction Feedback Comments 235
9.6 Evaluation 239
9.7 Discussion 244
9.8 Source 3: Extracting Trust through an Interactive Interface 245
9.9 Evaluation 251
9.10 Comparison of Different Trust Sources 257
9.11 Conclusions 259
References 260
Trust Metrics in Recommender Systems 262
10.1 Introduction 262
10.2 Motivations 263
10.3 Our Proposal: Trust-Aware Recommender Systems 268
10.4 Empirical Validation 274
10.5 Discussion of Results 286
10.6 Conclusions 287
References 287
Trust and Online Reputation Systems 289
11.1 Introduction 289
11.2 The ComplexWorld of Online Trust 290
11.3 Web 1.0 vs. Web 2.0 292
11.4 The New Model of Online Trust 293
11.5 Reputation 293
11.6 Relationship 296
11.7 Process 306
11.8 A Recipe for Online Trust Based on Three Ingredients 310
References 312
Internet-Based Community Networks: Finding the Social in Social Networks 314
12.1 Introduction 314
12.2 Defining Community in the Age of Social Networks 315
12.3 Visualising Community 316
12.4 Communities, Groups and Networks 325
12.5 Community Trust 325
12.6 Conclusion 329
References 330
Index 333