Advances in Information Systems Development: (eBook)

Preface 5
Conference Organisation 7
Table of Contents 
11 
List of Authors 21
Change Analysis - Innovation and Evolution 24
Introduction 24
Change Analysis as Choice of Change Measures 25
Change Analysis as Organisational Problem Solving 26
Change Analysis as Business Process Development 28
Change Analysis as Practice-Theory Driven Development 30
Change Analysis as Flexible Use of Method Components 32
Conclusions 34
References 34
The Computer - The Businessman's Window to His Enterprises 
36 
Background 36
Procuritas 36
Value Creation 37
Prerequisites for Successful IT Investments 38
Good to Great 39
Information Technology Investments in the Real World 40
Conclusions 44
References 45
Challenges in New Service Development and Value Creation through Service 
46 
Introduction and Aim 46
Service Competition and Strategy 46
The Experience Concept and Experience-Based Service Value 
49 
Critical Success Factors When Developing New Services 50
1. Develop a Deep and Thorough Understanding of the Customer and what Creates Value through the Lens of the Customer 
50 
2. Create a Customer-Centric Service Culture and Strategy within the Company 
51 
3. Stay Focused on your Customers 51
4. Apply a Multi-Method Approach 52
5. Involve the Customer in the Development Process 52
6. Appoint Multi-Teams 53
7. Manage Internal and External Communication 53
8. Appoint a Project Leader with the Skills to Lead, Coach, and Develop Team Members 
54 
9. Take on a Holistic Approach 54
10. Focus on the Whole Integrated Customer Solution and the Service Experience 
55 
11. Monitor and Understand Market and Future Trends 55
11. Monitor and Understand Market and Future Trends 55
Challenges for Companies in the Future 56
References 56
Churchmanian Co-design - Basic Ideas and Application Examples 
58 
Introduction 58
Co-design in Practice 59
Co-design Applied to e-Government 61
Co-design Applied to e-Business 63
Some Strategies for Implementation of Co-design Ideas 64
The Surf Wave Strategy 65
The Guideline Design Approach 66
The Review Design Approach 67
The Award Design Approach 68
End Remark 68
References 68
The Ideal Oriented Co-design Approach Revisited 70
Introduction 70
Brief Description of Co-design 71
Co-design in the Light of Philosophy 72
The Paradigm Element 72
The Paradigm of Co-design 73
The Objective of Co-design 75
The Co-design Domain 75
The Co-design Target 76
Brief Description of Ideal Oriented Co-design Approach 77
Reflections and Suggestions to Improve the Ideal Oriented Co-design Approach 
78 
From a Pointer to a Toolbox 78
Take the Best from the Best 79
Position Co-design towards other Approaches 80
Improving the Road Metaphor 80
References 81
What.s in It for Me? Co-design of Business and IS 82
Introduction 82
Co-Design of Business and IS 84
Three Use Situations 85
Four Scenarios 87
Three Use Situations in Four Scenarios 88
Three Use Situations in the Bike Store 88
Three Use Situations in the E-Business 89
Three Use Situations at the Hairdresser's 89
Three Use Situations in the e-Service Business 90
What's In It for Me? 90
References 92
Modelling of Reusable Business Processes: An Ontology-Based Approach 
94 
Introduction 94
Generic Business Process 95
Ontologies for Reuse 96
Process Knowledge Reuse 101
Conclusions 104
References 105
Product Characteristics Influencing Customer Communication Media Portfolio in Distance Selling Settings 
106 
Introduction 106
Product Classification 107
Research Method 110
Empirical Cases 111
The CD Company 111
Typical Customer Questions and Problems in the CD Company 112
The Photo Company 113
Typical Customer Questions and Problems in the Photo Company 
114 
Discussion 115
Conclusion 116
References 117
Process Maturity and Organizational Structure as a Framework for Performance Improvements 
118 
Introduction 118
From Functions to Processes 119
The Evolution of an Organization's Understanding of Processes 
121 
Process Oriented Organization 123
Basic Principles of Process-Oriented Organization 124
Process Structure Development Model 126
Conclusion 128
References 129
Modeling Business Processes in Public Administration 
130 
Introduction 130
Modeling Business Processes 131
Basic Principles and Methodology 131
Two Basic Dimensions of the Real World 133
Business Processes versus Class Life Cycles 134
Life Events 136
Deriving Life Events from Life Cycles of Crucial Classes 137
Discovering Core Processes from Crucial Life Events 139
Conclusions and Further Work 140
References 140
Facilitating Learning in SPI through Co-design 142
Introduction 142
Researchers Coming into Practice 143
General Description 143
What Did We Do 144
Learning in a SPI-Setting 147
Guidelines for SPllnitiatives 147
Foundation for Used Theories as Meta-Languages 148
Discussion and Conclusion: Multiple Learning During SPI Initiatives 
149 
References 151
Feasibility Study: New Knowledge Demands in Turbulent Business World 
154 
lntroduction 154
Feasibility Study in Turbulent Environment: the Systems Perspective 
155 
Analysis of Feasibility Study Methods 159
Information System Project Alternative Feasibility Method FEASIS 
162 
Conclusion 163
References 164
Co-design as Proposals, Assessments and Decisions - Stakeholder Interaction in Information Systems Development 
166 
Introduction 166
Stakeholder Participation in the ISD Process 
166 
The Need for Further Studies of the Stakeholder-Developer Interaction 
168 
Case Studies and Related Work 168
Result and Analysis 170
Conclusion 175
References 176
Inter-Activities Management for Supporting Cooperative Software Development 
178 
Introduction 178
Cooperative Software Development 179
CSCW, Tailorability and Coevolution 179
Shortcomings of the Existing Platforms 180
CooLDev: Cooperation under Eclipse 181
Our Approach: Managing Inter-Activities 181
Choosing Eclipse 182
Managing Inter-Activities 183
Managing Tailorability 185
Perspectives 187
Towards a Finer Inter-Activities Management 187
Experiments in Real Situations 187
Coevolution in Web Portals 188
Conclusion 188
References 189
The Socialization of Virtual Teams: Implications for ISD 
191 
Introduction 191
ISD: A Review of the Literature 
191 
ISD Competencies and Virtual Team Complications 
193 
Socialisation in the Context of ISD 
194 
Collective vs. Individual 195
Formal vs. Informal 196
Sequential vs. Random 196
Fixed vs. Variable 197
Serial vs. Disjunctive 197
Investiture vs. Divestiture 198
Socialisation Framework 198
Conclusion and Future Research 199
References 200
Providing a Correct Software Design in an Environment with Some Set of Restrictions in a Communication between Product Managers and Designers 
203 
Introduction 203
Environment 204
Communication Gaps 205
Communication Problems from Software Design Point of View 
206 
Possible Ways to Avoid or Solve Communication Problems 
208 
Case Company Analyses 210
Company "A" - a Small One 210
Company "B" - a Big One 211
Conclusion 212
References 213
New Document Concept and Metadata Classification for Broadcast Archives 
214 
Introduction 214
Basic Data Model 214
What is a 'Document'? 215
Problems with Document Definition 215
Identifying Documents in Broadcast Environments 216
What does Metadata Describe? 218
Document Relationship - Virtual Documents 219
Document Types - Document Templates 221
Looking for Similarities - Embedded Search 221
Conclusion 222
References 222
Class Model Development Using Business Rules 223
Introduction 223
Business Rules Meta-model 224
Business Rules Formalization Using Templates 226
Extended UML Class Meta-model 227
UML Class Model Development Using Business Rules 229
Mappings between BRand Class Meta-models 229
Algorithm of Class Model Enhancement 230
Description of the Algorithm 231
Conclusions 234
References 234
Ontology-Based Evaluation and Design of Domain-Specific Visual Modeling Languages 
236 
Introduction 236
Elements of Language Design 236
Ontology, (Meta)Conceptualization and Language 238
Example: A DSVL for the Genealogy Domain 242
Final Considerations 246
Acknowledgements 247
References 247
Engagements as a Unifying Concept for Process Integration 
248 
Introduction 248
Engagements as Part of a Process 249
Increasing Collaboration in Predefined Processes 250
Extending Engagements to Collaboration between Tasks 251
Emergent Process 252
Engagements - a More Formal Definition 253
Implementing Engagements 255
Networking Engagements 255
Generic Engagements 255
Future Work 256
Extending to Virtual Networks 256
Important Considerations in Designing Engagements for Virtual Organizations 
257 
Adding Agents 258
Summary 258
References 258
Method Configuration - A Systems Development Project Revisited 
260 
Introduction 260
Research Method Adopted 262
Method for Method Configuration 263
The Research Site 264
Evaluation of Support on Three Layers 265
The Meta Layer 266
The Systems Development Layer 266
The End User Practice Layer 268
Conclusions 269
References 271
Combining Project Management Methods: A Case Study of Distributed Work Practices 
272 
Introduction 272
Background 273
Research Approach and Context for the Study 274
Method Combination at the Case Study Site 275
Method Mapping 275
Method Compatibility 276
Iterative Practices 276
Emerging Themes and Their Solutions in the Case 277
The Method Landscape 278
Combine Commercial and In-house Methods 278
Iterative Work and Holistic Planning 279
Discussion and Conclusion 280
Acknowledgements 281
References 282
User Research Challenges in Harsh Environments: A Case Study in Rock Crushing Industry 
284 
Introduction 284
The Research and the Setting 285
The Users 286
The Operator's Tasks 286
Challenging User Environment 287
Contextual Design - a Holistic Method for Human-Centred Design 
288 
Applying the Contextual Design in the Project 289
Findings and Results 290
Automation Design Issues 290
The UI Concept 291
Survival Tricks for Contextual inquiry in Demanding Conditions 
294 
Conclusions and Future Work 294
References 295
Scenarios for Improvement of Software Development Methodologies 
296 
Introduction and Background 296
SDM Evaluation Model 
297 
Scenarios and Strategies for SDM Improvement 
299 
Scenarios for SDM Improvement 
299 
SDM Element Introduction Strategies 
301 
SDM Element Improvement Strategies 
303 
Practical Application 304
Summary and Conclusion 306
References 306
Managing the Collaborative Networks Lifecycle: A Meta-Methodology 
308 
Introduction 308
Meta-methodology Primer 309
Research Question, Strategy and Design 309
Initial Meta-methodology Concept 309
The Main Research Cycles 310
Simulation 310
A First Field Test I Case Study 
311 
The Second Field Test I Case Study 313
The Meta-methodology Evolution 315
Final Refinement: The Prototype 316
Conclusions and Further Work 317
References 318
Modelling Assignments 320
Introduction 320
Theory and Method Driven Business Modeling 321
The Theory about Assignments 322
Understanding Assignments in a Practical Setting 325
Implications for Business Modeling 327
Conclusions 330
References 331
Collaborative Tools' Quality in Web-Based Learning Systems - A Model of User Perceptions 
332 
Groupware Evaluation and e-Learning Systems 332
Paper Organization 333
Related Works and Model Bases 333
Reference to Standards 333
Context, Retroaction and Groupware-Related Problems 334
Groupware Functionality and Usability 334
A Model of User Perceptions 335
Model Implementation 337
Three Case Studies 337
User Questionnaire 337
Score Normalization and Summarization 338
Discussion 339
Dimensions D1-D3 
339 
Dimensions D4-D6 (Incorporating D7) 
341 
Conclusions and Further Work 341
Acknowledgements 342
References 342
The Work that Analysts Do: A Systemic Functional Approach to Elicitation 
344 
Introduction: The Work of Analysis as Communication 344
An Orientation to the Systemic Functional Linguistic Approach 
345 
Reference 346
Naming 346
Taxonomy 347
Configuration 347
Activity Sequence (Genre) 348
An Elicitation Incident and its interpretation using Genre 348
Features of Genres 348
An Elicitation Incident 349
An Interpretation Using Canonical Genre 352
Conclusions and Further Research 354
References 354
Cost Effective Development of Usable Systems: Gaps between HCI and Software Architecture Design 
356 
Introduction 356
Analysis Method & Case studies
SALUTA 357
Case Studies 358
Software Architecture Analysis is an Ad-hoc Activity 360
Impact of Software Architecture Design on Usability 361
Technology Driven Design 362
Poor Specification of Usability Requirements 363
Usability Requirements should be Specified in Terms of the Solution Domain 
363 
Sharing Design Knowledge 364
Design for Change 364
Separation of Concerns 365
Conclusions 365
References 366
Challenging the HCI Concept of Fidelity by Positioning Ozlab Prototypes 
368 
Introduction 368
Characteristics of High- and Low-fidelity Prototypes 369
A Closer Look at the Advantages and Disadvantages 369
User-Driven-versus-Facilitator-Driven 370
Development Costs 371
Early Exploration of the Design Space 372
Reusability in Implementation 372
Challenging the Fidelity Concept by Positioning the Wizard of Oz Methodology 
373 
The Wizard of Oz Methodology 373
The Ozlab System and Interaction Shells 373
Interactions Shells - Low- or High-Fidelity? 375
A New Categorisation Based on the Prototype's Level of Automatic Response Production 
376 
Concluding Remarks 378
References 379
Rapid Prototyping of User Interfaces in Robot Surgery - Wizard of Oz in Participatory Design 
380 
Introduction 380
Background and Methodology 381
Test Setup 382
The Wizard's View 383
Test Participants 384
Results 385
Is It Possible to Strengthen the Users Contribution in the Design Process? 
385 
How Could Ozlab Prototyping Contribute to System Requirements? 
387 
Final Viewpoints 388
Acknowledgements 389
References 389
Designing Simulation-Games for Organizational Prototyping 
391 
Introduction 391
Research Design 392
Game Design 393
Game 1: Collaboration between Neighbourhood Teams 394
Processes and Mechanisms 394
Functional Requirements 394
Integrated Framework 394
Game Technical Requirements 395
Prototype Construction 396
Game 2: Coordination in Knowledge Networks 
396 
Processes and Mechanisms 396
FunctionaI Requirements 
397 
Integrated Framework 397
Game Technical Requirements 398
Prototype Construction 399
Game Experiences 400
Testing and Playing Game 1 400
Testing and Playing Game 2 400
Discussion 401
Conclusion and Future Research 402
References 402
The Role of End-Users for Wireless Information Systems Usage 
404 
Introduction 404
Methodology 405
Mobile User Engagement for Innovation 406
The Case 409
Discussion and Results 412
References 415
Maintaining Compatibility in an Innovation Infrastructure 
417 
Introduction 417
Wearable Computing 417
Research Background and Problem 418
The System 419
Project Experiences 422
Results 424
Discussion 425
Conclusion 426
References 427
Defining User Characteristics to Divide Layers in a Multi-Layered Context 
428 
Introduction 428
Background 429
Definitions of MLD Structure 429
User Representation 431
Creating a New Representation 432
Practical Use of the Model 435
Conclusions and Discussion 437
Acknowledgements 438
References 438
Translating Metaphors into Design Patterns 440
Introduction 440
Bunge-Wand-Weber Ontology 441
Metaphors 442
Design Patterns 444
Translating Metaphors into Design Patterns 446
Conclusion 449
References 449
Exploring the Feasibility of a Spatial User Interface Paradigm for Privacy-Enhancing Technology 
452 
Introduction 452
Related Work 453
Introducing the Town Map 454
Living in the Town Map 456
Attributes in the Town Map 457
Test Results 458
Aims and Construction of the Test 458
Results 460
Discussion 461
Outlook 462
Acknowledgment 462
References 463
Database Level Honeytoken Modules for Active DBMS Protection 
464 
Introduction 464
Requirements to DB Level Honeytoken Module 466
Honeytoken module for DBMS Oracle 467
Module Insertion Concept 468
Pipelined Function Realization 469
Combination of Triggers and External Procedure 470
Combination of Oracle FGA and External Library 471
Conclusions 471
References 472
Morally Successful Collaboration between Academia and Industry - A Case of a Project Course 
473 
Introduction 473
Research Design 475
Empirical Results 476
External relations 476
Project Level 477
Interpersonal 477
A Framework of a Morally Successful Project Course 478
Developing Moral Sensitivity and Judgment 478
Developing Moral Motivation: Values Analysis and Criticism 480
Developing Moral Character: Just Community 481
Conclusion 482
References 483
Information Society Development in Latvia: Current State and Perspectives 
485 
Introduction 485
New Requirements, Paradigms and Technologies - The Driving Force for Information Society Development 
486 
Characteristic Features and Models of the Information Society 
488 
Information Society Development in Latvia 489
Conclusion 493
References 494
Portalen Handelsplats Wermland - Practical E-commerce for Värmland's Businesses and Municipalities 
495 
Abstract 495
How Standard Are the Standard Barriers to E-commerce Adoption? Empirical Evidence from Australia, Sweden and the USA 
496 
Introduction 496
Small to Medium Enterprises 497
SMEs in Regional Areas 497
Barriers to E-commerce Adoption in SMEs 498
Methodology 499
Results 500
Discussion 504
Limitations 505
Conclusion 505
References 506
The Role of Change Agents in Technology Adoption Process 
508 
Introduction 508
Impact of Costly System Failures 508
Hyped Up Technology 509
Complexity of Proposed Systems 510
Research Approach and Background 510
The Role of the Change Agent 511
The Change Agent as an Educator 511
The Change Agent as a Leader 512
The Change Agent as a Motivator 512
The Change Agent as an IS/IT Expert 513
The Change Agent as a Project Director or Manager 515
Conclusion and Further Work 516
References 517
Conceptual Model of Multidimensional Marketing Information System 
520 
Introduction 520
Development Analysis of Marketing Information Systems 521
The Concept of Multidimensional MklS and Model Formation 
524 
Empirical Research of the MklS Multidimensional Concept and Model 
527 
Conclusions 530
References 531
A Distributed Workspace to Enable Engineering Inter-Company Collaboration: Validation and New Lessons Learnt from SIMNET 
532 
Introduction 532
The SIMNET Method and Prototype 533
The SIMNET Method 534
The SIMNET Implementation 536
The Distributed Workspace 536
Tests 537
Product and Participants in the Pilot Phase 538
Data Collection 538
Test Results 540
Conclusion 541
References 542
ISETTA: Service Orientation in the "Bologna Process" of a Large University 
566 
Introduction 566
Prerequisites 567
The ISETTA Approach to Exam Administration 569
Realization Options 573
Conclusions and Outlook 574
References 575
The User Interface as a Supplier of Intertwined e-Services 
576 
Introduction 576
The Notion of e-Service 578
The User Interface 579
The Focused e-Service 579
TheService Environment 580
Three Types of e-Services 580
Example: The User Interface for the e-Marketplace 581
Example: The e-Services Intertwined in the e-Marketplace 583
The Focused e-Service and its Service Concept 583
The Focused e-Service and its Basic Relationships 583
The Focused e-Service andthe Intertwined e-Services 584
Related e-Services 584
Interrelating e-Services 585
Discussion 585
Conclusions 586
References 587
Selecting Processes for Co-designing eGovernment Services 
588 
The Potential for Reorganisation Through eGovernment 588
Procedural Model for Process-Oriented Reorganization 590
Prioritization of Processes with a Potential for Reorganization 
592 
Conclusions and Further Research 596
References 597
Infusing Technology into Customer Relationships: Balancing High-Tech and High-Touch 
600 
Introduction 600
Theoretical Background 601
From Transactions to Relationships 601
Self-Service Concept 601
Characteristics of Self-Service 601
Self·Services in Customer Relationships 602
Research Methodology 603
Status Quo of Self-Services in Customer Relationships 604
Direction of Current Self-Service Activities 604
Usage of Technology 604
Benefits and Shortcomings 605
Discussion of the Status Quo 606
A Framework for Self-Services in Customer Relationships 607
Development of a Focused Self-Service Strategy 607
Change and Awareness within the Organization 608
Internet Technology as a Self-Service Enabler 608
Integration of Self-Service Activities 609
A Framework for Self-Service Design 609
Limitations and Directions for Future Research 610
References 611
Prerequisites and Effects of CRM Systems Use in Poland 
612 
Introduction 612
Research Method 613
Benefits of Implementing a CRM Class Application 614
Expected Benefits 614
Achieved Benefits 617
Quantifiable Benefits of Implementing a CRM Application 618
Success Factors of CRM Project 620
Conclusion 623
References 623
Understanding Enterprise Systems' Impact(s) on Business Relationships 
625 
Introduction 625
The Nature of Enterprise Systems 626
Enterprise System Implementation Process 627
Summarizing the Nature of Enterprise Systems 628
Theories on Business Relationships 628
The IMP Approach to Business Relationships 629
Enterprise Usage in a Business Network Perspective 631
Where to Trace the Effects 631
IS Users as Business Actors 633
Concluding Remarks 634
References 635
Personalized Faculty Support from Central IT Geo-Teams 
637 
Introduction 637
Traditional Models of IT Support 638
Support from a Central IT Shop 638
Support from a Department-Based IT Shop 638
Support from a Professor's Research Staff 640
Self Support 640
IT Support Characteristics 641
Geo-Team Model 641
Measurement 643
Summary 644
Verifying Information Content Containment of Conceptual Data Schemata by Using Channel Theory 
645 
Introduction 645
The 'Information Content Containment' Condition 646
Reasons for Using 'CT' Within the OS Framework to Verify 'IBC' 
647 
A Method for Verifying Information Content Containment 647
Verifying 'Information Content Containment Condition' 648
Semantic Level 648
Syntactic Level 650
Conclusions and Future Work 654
References 655
Appendix 656
Integration of Schemas on the Pre-Design Level Using the KCPM-Approach 
657 
Introduction1 
657 
Previous Work 658
KCPM as a Domain Ontology 659
Motivation 659
The Main Elements of KCPM 661
Ontologies in the KCPM Approach 662
The Integration Methodology 663
Motivation for Performing Pre-Design KCPM Integration 663
Manual Integration of KCPM Models 664
Semi-Automatic Integration of KCPM Models 665
Summary and Future Work 667
References 667
Towards a Generic and Integrated Enterprise Modeling Approach to Designing Databases and Software Components 
669 
Introduction 669
Design Procedure and System Specification 670
Database Design 671
Conceptual Database Design 671
Designing Software Components 672
Semantic Dependencies in the EM Approach 673
Integration 675
Database View Integration 676
Component View Integration 677
Summary and Conclusion 678
References 679
A Synthesis Approach to Deriving Object-Based Specifications from Object Interaction Scenarios 
681 
Introduction 681
Problems in Object-Oriented System Design 682
The Proposed Synthesis Method 683
Conclusion 687
References 689
Formalizing Constraints for Geographic Information 
691 
Introduction 691
Specifying Geographic Information 693
High Level Constraint Language 694
Using HLCL for Specifying Constraints 695
Conceptual Model 696
Constraints 697
Logical Data Model 698
Generating SQL 699
Conclusion and Continuation 701
References 701
A Practical Approach of Web System Testing 702
Introduction 702
System Testing over Web Systems 703
An Overview of Software Testing Process 703
System Test Process 704
A Proposal to Generate System Test Cases from Requirements 705
A Case Study 706
System Description 707
System Test Cases Generation 709
Test Case Implementation 711
Conclusions 711
References 712
Overview of the Evaluation Approaches and Frameworks for Requirements Engineering Tools 
714 
Introduction 714
General COTS Evaluation Approaches 715
Evaluation Frameworks Specifically for RE-tools 717
Discussion and Conclusions 720
Comparison of evaluation approaches 720
Comparison of evaluation framework 722
Guidelines for RE-tool evaluation methodology 723
References 725
Requirements Engineering Tool Evaluation Approach 
727 
Introduction 727
RE-Tool Evaluation Approach 728
Case Study 732
Related Work 735
Conclusions and Future Work 736
References 737
Decision-Making Activities in Requirements Engineering Decision Processes: A Case Study 
739 
Introduction 739
Research Method 741
Results 743
Establishment of Requirements in a New Project 744
The Identification Phase 744
The Development Phase 745
The Selection Phase 745
The Implementation Phase 746
The Follow-Up and Assessment Phase 747
Management of Requirement Changes 747
The Identification Phase 747
The Development Phase 747
The Selection Phase 747
The Implementation Phase 748
The Follow-Up and Assessment Phase 748
Comparison and Consequences 748
Concluding Remarks and Future Research 749
References 750
Requirements Practices: A Comparative Industrial Survey 
751 
Introduction 751
Our Study 751
Results and Analysis 752
Project Sponsor/Senior Management 753
Customer/Users 753
Requirements Issues 755
Project Manager and Project Management 756
Comparison of U.S.and Chilean Data 758
Conclusions and Further Research 759
Acknowledgement 760
References 760
An Empirical Study Identifying High Perceived Value Requirements Engineering Practices 
763 
Introduction 763
Perceived Value 765
Study Design 766
Findings 767
Requirements Documentation Practices 767
Requirements Elicitation Practices 768
Requirements Management Practices 770
Validity 772
Conclusions 773
Acknowledgements 774
References 774
A First Step towards General Quality Requirements for e-Records 
776 
Introduction 776
Research Site and Research Method 777
Method 778
Theoretical Framework 779
Records 779
Quality Requirements 780
Related Research 780
Empirical Result 781
Quality Requirements Identified and Engineered During Development of BILLY 
781 
Originality andInterpretability 782
Moveability and Portability 
783 
Accuracy through Identification 
783 
Standardization of File Formats i.e. Consistent Representation 783
Storage Accuracy and Authenticity 783
Accessibility 784
Discussion 784
Concluding Remarks 785
References 
785 
Handling Instable Requirements by Concern Based Versioning 
788 
Scattered Requirements 788
Concern-Based Versioning 
791 
Overall Goals 
791 
Tracking Changes by Concerns 792
Ensuring Meaningfulness and Syntactical Correctness of Configurations 
793 
Case Study 794
Overview of CHAT 794
First Experiences with CHAT 
795 
Related Work 798
Conclusions 798
Acknowledgements 
799 
References 
799 
Domain Knowledge-Based Reconciliation of Model Fragments 
801 
Introduction 801
The Complex Activity of Distributed Modelling 802
Ontology as Intermediate Model 803
Functional View 804
Functional and External Properties 804
Ontology Building and Rules Definition 805
Collaboration and Model Reconciliation 807
Two-Layered Approach Revisited - Semantic Reconciliation 809
Related Work 810
Concluding Remarks and Future Works 811
References 812
Using Ontologies for Business and Application Integration in Enterprise Quality Management 
813 
Introduction and Motivation 813
Uniform Representation of PQI and Domain Ontologies 814
Ontology Use and Integration for Process Quality Improvement 
820 
Conclusions 823
References 
824 
Ontology-Based Elicitation of Business Rules 825
Introduction 825
Related Work on the Development of Business Rules and Ontology 
826 
Using Ontology for Eliciting Business Rules 830
A Case Study of Business Rule Elicitation from the Domain Ontology 
832 
Conclusions and Further Developments 834
References 834
Exporting Relational Data into a Native XML Store 836
Introduction 836
XML Schema 
837 
SQL: 2003 838
New DataTypes 838
XML Publishing Functions 838
Mapping Rules 
839 
Related Works 842
XMLConversion Algorithm 844
Implementation 846
Conclusions 846
Acknowledgement 847
References 847
The XSD-Builder Specification Language - Towarda Semantic View of XML Schema Definition 
848 
Introduction 848
Related Work 849
XML Tree Model 850
Source Language 851
Component Declaration 852
Constraint Declaration 852
XSD·Translator 854
Lexing 854
Parsing 855
Syntactic Analysis of Component Declaration 855
Syntactic Analysis of Constraint Declaration 855
Recovering 856
Optimizing 856
Generating 
857 
Case Study for XSD from XML Tree Model 857
Prototype of XSD-Builder 858
Conclusion 859
References 859
Challenges in Developing XML-Based Learning Repositories 
860 
Introduction 860
The Concept of Reusable Learning Objects 861
Developing Reusable Resources withXML 862
Approaches to Schema Development 863
Challenges of XML-based Authoring 865
Formatting with XSLT 866
Managing Content with Istyar 867
Summary 869
References 869
Semantic Modeling for Virtual Organization: A Case for Virtual Course 
871 
Introduction1 
871 
Key Issues in Modeling for Virtual Organization 872
Realcourse: an Application Case 873
Overview 
874 
Basic Concepts 
874 
Semantic Modeling for Virtual Organization 875
Physical Resources 875
Semantic Model 
876 
Enterprise Modeling and User Requirements 877
Enterprise Analysis for Search 877
Search Structure 878
Search Goal Matching 879
Design Architecture for Virtual Organization 880
Conclusion 882
References 882
semiBlog - Semantic Publishing of Desktop Data 883
Introduction 883
Semantic Blogging 884
Outline of the Paper 885
Other Approaches to Semantic Slogging 885
Where to Put the Semantics 886
semiBlog Application 888
Example Scenario 889
Architecture and Flow of Data 890
Wrappers 891
Intermediate XML 891
XSL T Transformation 892
Future Work 892
Conclusion 893
Acknowledgement 893
References 893
WEB Services Networks and Technological Hybrids - The Integration Challenges of WAN Distributed Computing for ASP Providers 
895 
Introduction 895
WEB Services Networks and Technological Hybrids 896
Web Services Supported by Semantics 899
Definitions Semantic Level 900
Methods Semantic Level 900
Grid Based Web Services 902
Billingof Network Functions (Class Billing) 903
Billingof Network Efficiency and Scalability Parameters (GRID Billing) 
904 
Model of long lasting Distributed Transactions with Events Management (llTO - long lasting Distributed Transactions) 
904 
References 906
Named Entity Recognition in a Hungarian NL Based QASystem 
907 
lntroductlcn1 
907 
The Deep Web 907
Our Solution to OW Based Search 908
Description of NLModule 909
Definition of Entity 910
Operation of NLModule 910
The Entity Recognizer 911
Examples 914
Evaluation 916
Algorithm of the Tokenizer 916
Conclusions 917
References 917
Mobile Agents Architecture in Data Presentation Domain 
919 
Introduction 919
General Architecture 921
Dialog Supporting Agents 924
JMiningDialog Architecture 926
Mobile Agents Role 926
Conclusions and Future Work 
928 
References 929
Active Extensions in a Visual Interface to Databases 
931 
Introduction 931
Related Work 932
Methods of Modifying Application's Functionalities 932
Visual Tools for Information Retrieval 933
Active Extensions 934
Simple Active Extensions 935
Active Projections 935
Objects Exporters 936
Information Retrieval Capabilities 936
Intensional Navigation 937
Extensional Navigation 939
Baskets 939
Software Architecture and Implementation 940
Conclusions and Future Work 941
References 942
Information Management in Small Enterprises - Constructionof a Tool with a Holistic Perspective 
943 
Introduction 943
Findings on IT-Systems and Organizational Characteristics of SEs 
946 
Method and Outline of the Paper 947
Theoretical Basis 947
Characteristics of SEs 948
Perspectives Used for Analyzing Information Management 948
Constructing TIMS 949
Creating the Questions for Investigating Information Management in Small enterprises, QIMS 
949 
Using the Guidelines of how to Analyze Information Management in Small enterprises, GAIMS 
950 
Creating the Procedure for Investigating Information Management in Small Enterprises, PIMS 
951 
Using the Tool 
952 
Conclusions 953
References 953
Improving ICT Governance by Reorganizing Operation of ICT and Software Applications: The First Step to Outsource 
955 
Introduction 955
Governance and Management of lCT 
956 
The Municipality Case 959
The Sourcing Decision-Making Process 960
Discussion 961
Making Decisions that Diverge from the Municipalities Ideology 962
Why the Decision-Making Process Started 963
Conclusions 965
References 966
Beliefs and Attitudes Associated with ERP Adoption Behaviours: A Grounded Theory Study from IT Manager and End-user Perspectives 
967 
Introduction 967
The Theoretical Framework 968
Methodology 970
Findings 971
Attitudes 971
The positive attitude 971
The negative attitude 973
The Different Attitudes towards ERP Systems in Thai-Owned and Multinational Companies 975
The Difference of Attitudes towards ERP Systems between IT: Managers and End Users 
976 
Discussion, Conclusion and Future Research 
976 
References 
978 
Supporting Knowledge Transfer in IS Deployment Projects 
979 
Introduction 979
Theoretical Framework 
980 
Research Methodology 982
Case Presentation 983
The DocSystem Deployment 985
Deployment Process 985
Deployment Organization 986
Discussions and Conclusions 987
References 989
IT Enabled Enterprise Transformation: Perspectives Using Product Data Management 
991 
Introduction 991
Research Design 993
Phase One 994
Phase Two 994
Phase One Survey Findings 995
Phase TwoCase Study Findings 997
Successful Enterprise Transformation Case Study 997
Struggling Enterprise Transformation Case Study 998
Conclusions 999
References 1000
Integration of Text- and Data-Mining Technologies for Use in Banking Applications 
1001 
Introduction 1001
Methods for Integration Data- and Text-Mining 1001
Research Method 1003
Results 1005
Conclusion 1006
References 1006
Syndicate Data Incorporation into Data Ware houses:A Categorization and Verification of Problems 
1008 
Introduction 1008
Background 1009
Research Approach 1009
Analysis and Results 1011
Conclusions and Future Work 1018
References 1019
Reflections on the Body of Knowledge in Software Engineering 
1021 
Introduction 1021
Belief and Knowledge 1023
Scientific Enquiry 1024
Perception and Observation 1026
Research Paradigms 1027
Method Wars 1028
Conclusion 1030
References 1032
A Relational Perspective on Knowledge Integration between Self-Contained Work Groups: A Case Study in the Health Care Sector 
1033 
Introduction 1033
Knowledge and Knowledge Perspective 1034
An Analytical Knowledge Integration Model 1035
Collective Knowledge 1036
An Analytical Model of Knowledge Integration between Groups 1036
Background and Method for the Case Study 1038
Case Analysis 1038
How is Knowledge Integrated between Laboratory and Customers? 
1038 
How is the Integrated Knowledge Created? 1039
How is the Integrated Knowledge Used? 
1041 
Problems in the Knowledge Integration 1041
Conclusion and Further Research 1043
References 1044
The Birth, Death, and Resurrection of an SPI Project 
1045 
Introduction 1045
KM, Process Management, and SPI 1046
GAMMA and its Business Context 1047
The Rise, Death and Resurrection of an SPllnitiative 1047
The Rise and Death of GAMMA's Experience Base 1048
Resurrection of the SPI Initiative 1050
Learning from the GAMMA Case 1052
Software Development and SPI: a Focus on Exploitation and/or Exploration 
1052 
Software Development and SPI in Different Environments 1053
Organizational Forms for SPI Supporting Exploitation and Exploration in Different Environments 
1054 
Conclusion and Further Research 1055
References 1055
Developing Organisational Knowledge Management Initiatives: A Collaborative Research Approach 
1057 
Background 1057
The Action Research Paradigm 1059
Collaborative Research: Extending the Action Research Approach 
1061 
Collaborative Research in Action: an Illustrative Case Study 
1064 
Concluding Remarks 1065
References 1066
Challenges in System Testing - An Interview Study 
1069 
Introduction 1069
Way of Working 1070
Challenges within System Testing 1071
Quality of the Requirements 1071
Changing Requirements 1072
Managing Test Related Information 1073
Co-operation and Co-ordination 1074
Non-functional Aspects 1075
Enough Time for Testing 1075
Concluding Remarks and Future Work 1076
References 1076
Appendix A: Presentation of the Interviewees 1077