Terminological Ontologies (eBook)

Preface 8
Acknowledgements 14
Contents 16
Chapter 1 Ontology basic concepts 20
1.1 Introduction 20
1.2 Ontology families 21
1.3 Ontology classification 22
1.3.1 Controlled vocabularies 24
1.3.2 Glossaries 25
1.3.3 Subject headings and taxonomies 25
1.3.4 Thesauri 27
1.3.5 Semantic Networks 31
1.3.6 Is-a Hierarchies and Formal Instances 33
1.3.7 Frame based ontologies 34
1.3.8 General Constraints and Disjointness 36
1.4 Alignment of ontologies and ontology mappings 37
1.5 Summary 43
Chapter 2 A representation framework for terminological ontologies 44
2.1 Introduction 44
2.2 Related work in the representation of terminological ontologies 45
2.2.1 Representation of knowledge models 45
2.2.2 Representation of mappings 47
2.3 Representation of terminological ontologies 51
2.3.1 Knowledge model representation 51
2.3.2 Metadata for ontology description 56
2.4 Representation of ontology mappings 60
2.4.1 Mapping representation 60
2.4.2 Metadata for mapping description 64
2.5 Case of study: Mapping of terminological ontologies to an upper level ontology 68
2.6 Summary 72
Chapter 3 Ontology learning for terminological ontologies 73
3.1 Introduction 73
3.2 Ontology learning from corpora 74
3.3 Ontology learning from dictionaries 75
3.4 Ontology learning from schemata 76
3.5 Ontology learning from thesauri 77
3.6 Cases of study 79
3.6.1 Transformation of heterogeneous thesaurus representations into terminological ontologies 80
3.6.1.1 Description of the method 81
Analysis of the source and target formats 81
Mapping between source and target model 85
Creation of the translation tool 87
Validation of the translated terminological ontology 90
Management of the translation tool 92
3.6.1.2 Testing the method 93
3.6.2 Terminological ontologies as a result of thesaurus merging 94
3.6.2.1 Proposed merging process 95
Harmonization of the interchange format 97
Extraction of clusters 98
Mapping & merging
Pruning of non-relevant clusters 100
Generation of a domain network of clusters 101
Generation of inter-cluster relations 102
Pruning of non-relevant relations 103
Generation of a new domain thematic thesaurus 103
3.6.2.2 Testing the method 106
Testing the method in the urban domain 106
Testing the method in the hydrological domain 111
3.7 Summary 114
Chapter 4 Formalization of terminological ontologies 116
4.1 Introduction 116
4.2 Current approaches towards formalization 117
4.3 Increase of formalism in terminological models 119
4.4 Application of the formalization process 121
4.5 Summary 123
Chapter 5 Access to terminological ontologies 124
5.1 Introduction 124
5.2 Terminological ontology management 125
5.3 Terminological ontology storage and access 129
5.3.1 Architecture 129
5.3.2 Terminological ontology repository 130
5.3.3 Terminological ontology manager 133
5.4 Edition of terminological ontologies 134
5.5 Accessing terminological ontologies through a web service 140
5.6 Performance analysis 142
5.7 Summary 145
Chapter 6 Applicability of terminological ontologies to information retrieval 148
6.1 Introduction 148
6.2 Resource classification 149
6.3 Improvement of information discovery through query expansion 151
6.3.1 State of the art in query expansion 152
6.3.2 A proposal for terminological based query expansion 154
6.3.2.1 General context 154
6.3.2.2 Proposed expansion model 157
6.3.3 Testing the retrieval model 160
6.4 Information browsing 165
6.4.1 State of the art in information browsing approaches 166
6.4.2 Topic map based browsing 168
6.4.3 Cluster based browsing 171
6.4.3.1 Selection of algorithms for hard and fuzzy clustering 172
6.4.3.2 Thematic clustering using the thesaurus structure 173
6.4.3.3 Thematic clustering using keywords as free text 175
6.4.4 Browsing methods comparison 176
6.4.4.1 Description of the metadata corpus 176
6.4.4.2 Topic map extraction 176
6.4.4.3 Application of clustering techniques 177
Thematic clustering using the thesaurus structure 178
6.4.4.4 Comparison of results 181
6.5 Summary 183
Chapter 7 Concluding remarks and outlook 186
References 194
Index 209