Remote Instrumentation and Virtual Laboratories (eBook)

Preface 6
Acknowledgments 10
Contents 12
Contributors 18
Part I Remote Instrumentation Services 28
1 Open Grid Forum Research Group: Remote Instrumentation Services in Grid Environment -- Overview of Activities 29
1 Introduction 29
2 Main Goals OF OGF RISGE-RG 30
3 Past and Current Activities 30
4 Example Use Case -- Remote Operations of Experimental Facilities 32
4.1 Customers 33
4.2 Scenario 33
5 Model Use Case 34
6 Conclusions 35
References 36
2 Adapting the Instrument Element to Support a Remote Instrumentation Infrastructure 37
1 Introduction 37
2 Related Work 38
2.1 Motivations for the New Implementation 38
3 Design Approach 39
4 Implementation Issues 42
4.1 Implementing an Instrument Manager 42
4.2 Attributes 43
4.3 Parameters 44
4.4 Commands 44
4.5 Deployment 45
4.6 Front-End (VCR) 45
5 Conclusions 46
References 47
3 Performance Analysis of a Grid-Based Instrumentation Device Farm 49
1 Introduction 49
2 GRIDCC Overall Architecture 50
3 VCR - IE Communication 52
4 Performance Evaluation 54
5 Conclusions 57
References 58
4 Experimental Characterization of Wireless and Wired Access in Distributed Laboratories 59
1 Introduction 59
2 WiLab Architecture 61
3 Communication Networks Among Distributed Instruments 63
3.1 From Internet User to GPIB Resources 63
3.2 Remote Access by Intranet User 64
4 Conclusions 68
References 68
5 Virtual Laboratory and Its Application in Genomics 69
1 Introduction 69
2 Virtual Laboratory 70
2.1 Architecture 70
2.2 The Peculiar Nature of the Virtual Laboratory Experiments 71
2.3 Workflow Management 72
2.4 Digital Library 74
2.5 The Example Diagrams 76
3 Genomics 77
3.1 Microarray Experiment Execution 77
3.2 Genomic Virtual Laboratory 79
3.3 Experiment Description 80
4 Conclusions 82
References 83
Part II Grid Infrastructure, Services, and Applications 84
6 The European Grid Initiative (EGI) 85
1 Introduction 85
2 Example: The Spanish National Grid Infrastructure 87
3 European Grid Infrastructure and Large-Scale Research 89
References 90
7 Virtual Appliances: A Way to Provide Automatic Service Deployment 91
1 Introduction 91
2 Related Works 93
3 Issues of a Virtualisation-Based Deployment System 94
4 Automatic Service Deployment 95
5 Automatic Virtual Appliance Creation Service (AVS) 97
6 Scheduler Assistant Service (SAS) 98
7 Conclusion and Future Work 100
References 100
8 Job Scheduling in Hierarchical Desktop Grids 102
1 Introduction 102
2 Related Work 103
3 A Simple Model for Hierarchical Desktop Grids 105
4 Events Changing the Scheduling 106
4.1 New Donor 106
4.2 Exiting Donor 107
4.3 New Workunit 107
4.4 Workunit Transition 107
4.5 Workunit Processed 107
4.6 New Desktop Grid 108
4.7 Exiting Desktop Grid 108
5 Scheduling Algorithms 108
5.1 Static Scheduling Algorithms 109
5.2 Algorithms Depending on Donor Number 110
5.3 Algorithms Depending on Time-out 113
5.4 Algorithms Considering Local Workunits 115
6 Conclusion and Future Work 118
References 119
9 Toward QoS Provision for Virtualized Resources in Grids 121
1 Introduction 121
2 Related work 122
3 QoS Management of VM-based Resource Providers 123
3.1 Approach 123
3.2 Management Component and Prototype 124
3.3 QoS Management 125
4 Experiments and Results 126
5 Conclusions 128
References 129
10 From Grid Islands to a World Wide Grid 130
1 Introduction 130
2 Step 1: Introduction of Meta-Brokers 132
3 Step 2: Introduction of Advanced Grid Portals 134
4 Step 3: Network of AGPs to Realize Workflow Interoperation 136
5 Related Work 138
6 Conclusions 140
References 141
11 The Anatomy of Grid Resource Management 144
1 Introduction 144
2 The GRM Anatomy 146
3 Interoperability Issues and Requirements for New Solutions 149
3.1 Interoperability Problems at All Levels: The Solution Is Meta-Brokering 149
3.2 New Candidates for Resource Management: Remote Instrumentation 151
4 Conclusions 152
References 152
12 SZTAKI Desktop Grid: Adapting Clusters for Desktop Grids 154
1 Introduction 154
2 Related Work 155
2.1 BOINC and Condor 155
2.2 XtremWeb and Condor 156
2.3 BOINC and the Grid 157
3 SZTAKI Desktop Grid and Condor 157
3.1 Security 158
3.2 Application Deployment 159
3.3 Flow 160
3.4 Fault Tolerance 161
3.5 Future Work 162
4 Applications 162
5 Conclusion 163
References 164
13 SoRTGrid: A Grid Framework Compliant with Soft Real-Time Requirements 166
1 Introduction 166
2 Related works 167
3 SoRTGrid 168
4 Architecture of SoRTGrid 170
4.1 SoRT-Bids and Owner Agents 171
4.2 Facilitator Agent: BidMan Service 172
4.3 User Agents and Job Requirements Manifests 173
5 Resource Discovery in SoRTGrid 174
5.1 Facilitator Agent: DiPe Grid Service 175
5.2 Local SoRT-Bid Discovery 176
5.3 Remote SoRT-Bid Discovery 177
5.4 Neighboring 178
6 Notes on SoRT-Bids Negotiation and Production 179
6.1 Timed Pre-reservation of Resources 179
6.2 SoRT-Bids Overbooking 180
7 Conclusions 180
References 181
14 A Data Grid Architecture for Real-Time Electron Microscopy Applications 183
1 Introduction 183
2 SEM Remote Control Project 184
3 Remote SEM/TEM and Grid Architecture 185
3.1 Remote SEM/TEM Requirements 185
3.2 A Grid for a Virtual SEM/TEM Laboratory 187
4 Perspectives 190
5 Conclusions 190
References 191
15 A Network-Aware Grid for Efficient Parallel Monte Carlo Simulation of Coagulation Phenomena 193
1 Introduction 193
2 Monte Carlo Simulation of a Coagulation Problem 195
2.1 Statement of the Problem 195
2.2 Parallel Monte Carlo Algorithm 196
3 Network-Aware Grid Architecture 199
3.1 Path Computation Algorithm 200
4 Performance Analysis 201
4.1 Test Coagulation Equation 202
4.2 Simulation Scenario 203
4.3 Simulation Results 206
5 Conclusions 207
References 207
Part III Interactivity Management 209
16 Practical Mechanisms for Managing Parallel and Interactive Jobs on Grid Environments 210
1 Introduction 210
2 Description of the CrossBroker Architecture 211
3 Job Description Language 213
4 Managing Parallel Jobs 214
5 Managing Interactive Jobs 216
6 Conclusions 217
References 217
17 Int.eu.grid 219
1 Introduction 219
2 Infrastructure Architecture 220
3 Infrastructure Interactivity Framework 221
3.1 Friendly User Access 222
3.2 Interactivity 223
3.3 Visualization 223
3.4 CrossBroker and Time Sharing Mechanisms 224
3.5 lcg-CE, JobManagers, and LRMS Configurations 225
4 Conclusions 226
References 226
18 Interactivity in Grid Computing in the Presence of Web Services 228
1 Introduction 228
2 Exploring Interactivity 229
3 The Approach of Web Services 230
3.1 A Separate Bidirectional Data Channel 230
3.2 Providing a Dedicated Web Service 231
3.3 Preliminary Experiments 231
3.4 An Interactive Service using Globus WSRF 232
3.5 Secure Connection Re-Establishment 234
3.6 Executing a Command with the InteractiveService 235
3.7 Secure Local Communication 236
4 Future and Related Work 237
5 Conclusions 238
References 239
19 Fusion Simulations, Data Visualization Results and Future Requirements for the Interactive Grid Infrastructure 241
1 Introduction 241
2 Fusion Introduction and Theoretical models 242
2.1 Langevin Approach 243
2.2 Direct Approach 243
3 Adaptation of IVISDEP to Int.eu.grid Framework 245
3.1 Use Case 245
3.2 Architecture 246
4 Proposed Architecture 247
4.1 Direct Approach 247
4.2 Data Management and Visualization in the Grid 248
5 Conclusions 249
References 249
20 Interactive Grid-Access Using MATLAB 251
1 Introduction 251
1.1 The Grid Middleware gLite 253
1.2 Limitations of gLite 253
2 Improving Grid Access 255
2.1 Pilot Jobs 255
2.2 GridSolve 255
3 Integration of GridSolve and gLite 256
3.1 Giggle design 257
3.2 Giggle Tools for Creating Services 258
3.3 Giggle Tools for Resource Allocation 259
3.4 Giggle Tools for the End-User 259
4 Measurements 259
5 Conclusions 262
References 263
21 Collaborative Interactivity in Parallel HPC Applications 264
1 Introduction 265
2 Collaborative Online Visualization and Steering (COVS) Framework 266
3 COVS Framework Features to Manage Interactive Grid Applications 268
3.1 Secure Data Transfer and Interactive Access 269
3.2 Naming Service for Decoupling COVS Components 271
3.3 Enable Collaboration with Naming Service 273
4 Interactive Computational Use Cases 274
5 Related Work 275
6 Conclusions 276
References 276
22 Interactive and Real-Time Applications on the EGEE Grid Infrastructure 278
1 Introduction 278
2 The EGEE Grid Infrastructure 279
2.1 EGEE Project 279
2.2 Middleware Architecture 280
2.3 Grid Interactivity 280
3 Enabling Interactivity on the EGEE Grid 281
3.1 Interactive Jobs 281
3.2 Data Management Interactivity 282
3.3 Support from the Logging and Bookkeeping Service 282
3.4 Low Latency Scheduling 283
3.5 Pilot Jobs 283
3.6 Interactivity Through Support Tools 284
4 Network Support 284
5 Example Applications 285
5.1 Fusion 285
5.2 Bioinformatics 285
5.3 High Energy Physics 286
5.4 Astronomy 286
6 Conclusions and Related Work 287
References 288
Part IV Supporting Services 289
23 g-Eclipse -- A Middleware-Independent Framework for Accessing Existing Grid Infrastructures 290
1 Introduction 290
2 Grid Roles and Contexts 291
3 Benefitting from the Eclipse Framework 293
4 The g-Eclipse Architecture 294
4.1 The Grid Model 294
4.2 Job Management 295
4.3 Data Management 296
4.4 Grid Project 296
4.5 Authentication and Authorisation 297
4.6 Middleware Implementations 298
5 A Common User Interface for Different Grid Middlewares 299
5.1 Grid Model Views 299
5.2 Perspectives 300
5.3 Wizards and Dialogs 302
6 Conclusions 303
References 304
24 Semantics-Based Context-Aware Dynamic Service Composition 306
1 Introduction 306
2 Semantics-Based Context-Aware Dynamic Service Composition Framework 308
2.1 Component Service Model with Semantics (CoSMoS) 308
2.2 Component Runtime Environment (CoRE) 312
2.3 Semantic Graph-Based Service Composition (SeGSeC) 313
3 Case Study 317
4 Simulation Experiments 319
4.1 Simulation Configuration and Evaluation Metrics 319
4.2 Performance Evaluation Against Heterogeneity and Dynamics of User Contexts 320
4.3 Performance Evaluation Against the Number of Possible Workflows 321
4.4 Performance Evaluation Against Dynamic Environments 322
5 Conclusions 322
References 323
25 Distributed e-Science Application for Computational Speech Science 325
1 Introduction 325
2 Computational Speech Science 327
2.1 Computed Tomography (CT) Imaging, Three-Dimensional Model Reconstruction, and Construction of Computational Grids 327
2.2 CFD/CAA Simulations of Oral Airflow of Sibilant /s/ 328
2.3 Current Issues in Computational Speech Science 328
3 Applying e-Science for Computational Speech Science 328
3.1 Computational Speech Science Portal 329
3.2 Visualization Portlet 330
3.3 Geographically Dispersed Storage 333
3.4 Large-Scale Data Transfer Over Wide-Area Networks 334
4 Current Implementations and Assessment at SC07 and JGN2 Symposium 2008 334
5 Conclusions 337
References 337
26 SynchroNet 339
1 Introduction 339
2 GNSS-Based Synchronization 340
3 SynchroNet Overview 342
4 Distributed Synchronization 345
5 Implementation and Test Results 350
6 Conclusions 352
References 352
27 Discovery of Resources in a Distributed Grid Environment Based on Specific Service Level Agreements (SLAs) 354
1 Introduction 354
1.1 Background Information and Objectives 355
2 The GRIA Grid Middleware 356
3 Contextualized Discovery Implementation 357
4 Conclusions 359
References 359
28 Inter-Domain SLA Enforcement in QoS-Enabled Networks 361
1 Introduction 361
2 Related Work 362
3 End-to-End SLA Framework 363
3.1 End-to-End SLA Issues 363
3.2 End-to-End SLA Template Description 363
3.3 SLA Framework Architecture 366
4 SLA Management 366
5 SLA Monitoring 367
6 Conclusions 368
References 369
Part V eVLBI and Cosmic Rays Detection 370
29 High-Bandwidth Data Acquisition and Network Streamingin VLBI 371
1 Introduction 371
2 High-Bandwidth Data Acquisition 372
2.1 10G Data Acquisition Design Requirements 373
2.2 10G Data Acquisition Hardware and Test Design 374
3 High-Bandwidth Network Streaming and Stream Capture 376
3.1 UDP-Based Streaming 378
3.2 Stream Recording 378
3.3 Tsunami UDP 380
4 Conclusions 381
References 381
30 Real-Time Software Correlation 383
1 Introduction 383
2 VLBI 384
3 Software Correlator 387
3.1 Design 387
4 Execution and Deployment 389
4.1 Real Time and Quality of Service 389
4.2 Running SCARIe on DAS-3and Starplane 389
4.3 Benchmarks on DAS-3 390
5 Conclusions 392
References 392
31 AugerAccess -- Virtual Infrastructure for Simulating Complex Networks 394
1 Introduction 394
2 Fundamentals 395
2.1 Auger Observatory 396
2.2 AugerAccess 397
2.3 Testbed 398
3 Architecture 400
3.1 Virtual Machines 402
3.2 Virtual Networks 402
3.3 Services on the network 403
4 Status and Results 404
4.1 Faced Problems 405
4.2 Remote Client 405
5 Discussion and Future 407
6 Conclusions 408
References 408
Part VI Metrology Issues 410
32 Challenges and Design Issues in a Distributed MeasurementScenario 411
1 Introduction 411
2 Topology Issues 413
3 Design Issues 414
4 Conclusions 419
References 419
33 The Distributed Measurement Systems: A New Challengefor the Metrologists 422
1 Introduction 422
2 The Distributed Measurement Systems 423
2.1 The Architecture 423
2.2 The Metrology Problem 426
3 Clock Synchronization 427
3.1 GPS Synchronization 427
3.2 NTP Synchronization 428
3.3 Measurement Algorithms 428
4 Conclusions 429
References 429
34 Recent Progresses of the Remote Didactic Laboratory LA.DI.RE ``G. Savastano'' Project 432
1 Introduction 432
2 Software and Hardware Architectures of the LA.DI.RE. ``G.Savastano'' 434
3 Overview of the Didactic Experiments 435
3.1 Sampling and Windowing of Signals 435
3.2 Digital Oscilloscope Characterization 435
3.3 Automated Power Consumption Measurement of Wireless Modules 436
3.4 AC Power-Interference Cancellation in Electrocardiogram (ECG) Signals Using Adaptive Filters 436
3.5 Basic Electrical Measurements 437
3.6 Magnetic Measurements 438
3.7 Uncertainty Characterization of Digital Instrumentation 439
4 Measurement Bench for Remote Laboratory Activities 440
5 Real-Time Visualization of the Instruments Duringthe Experimental Session 440
6 Testing the Quality of the System 442
7 Conclusions 444
References 445
35 A Software Architecture for the m-Learning in Instrumentation and Measurement 448
1 Introduction 448
2 Services Delivered by Means of LA.DI.RE. ``G. Savastano'' 450
3 Technical Characteristics of Mobile Devices 451
3.1 Hardware Limitations 451
3.2 Software Limitations 452
3.3 Bandwidth Limitations 452
4 Software Architecture for the m-Learning 452
4.1 Experiment Visualization 453
4.2 Experiment Control 454
4.3 Experiment Creation 455
5 Design of the New Experiment Creation Module 455
6 An Example of Experiment Creation 458
7 Conclusions 459
References 460
Part VII Sensor Networks for Measurement 461
36 Performance of Linear Field Reconstruction Techniques with Noise and Correlated Field Spectrum 462
1 Introduction 462
2 Preliminaries 463
2.1 Irregular Sampling and Reconstruction of Multidimensional, Band-Limited Signals 463
2.2 Previous Results on Reconstruction Quality 465
3 Mathematical Background 466
3.1 Large Random Matrices and Asymptotic Spectrum Characterization 466
3.2 Random Matrix Transforms and Freeness 467
4 Main Results and Applications 468
4.1 Examples of Applications 470
5 Conclusions 473
References 473
37 Hybrid Zigbee--RFID Networks for Energy Saving and Lifetime Maximization 475
1 Introduction 476
2 Zigbee Standard Overview 477
3 RFID Technology 478
4 Hybrid Zigbee--RFID Networks 479
4.1 System Model 479
4.2 Opnet Simulator Structure 480
4.3 Deep Sleep Algorithm 481
4.4 Deep Sleep Algorithm with Virtual Spatial Grid 484
5 Performance Analysis 485
5.1 Deep Sleep Algorithm 487
5.2 Impact of the Virtual Spatial Grid 489
6 Conclusions 491
References 492
38 A Service-Oriented Wireless Sensor Network for Power Metering 494
1 Introduction 494
2 System Architecture 495
3 The Gateway 496
4 The WSN Node 497
5 Application Scenario 498
6 Conclusions 500
References 501
39 Performance Evaluation of a Robust Data Aggregation Approach in Diverse Sensor Networking Environments 502
1 Introduction 502
1.1 Related Work 503
1.2 Motivation and Objective 504
2 Framework Overview 505
3 Diverse Application Environments 506
4 Performance Evaluation and Discussion 507
4.1 Models and Scenarios 507
4.2 Numerical Results 508
5 Conclusions 511
References 511
Author Index 513
Subject Index 517