Autonomous and Autonomic Systems: With Applications to NASA Intelligent Spacecraft Operations and Exploration Systems (eBook)

Part I Background.- Introduction.- Direction of New Space Missions.- Automation vs. Autonomy Systems.- Autonomy vs. Automation.- Autonomicity vs. Autonomy.- Using Autonomy to Reduce the Cost of Missions.- Multi-Spacecraft Missions.- Communications Delays.- Interaction of Spacecraft.- Adjustable and Mixed Autonomy.- Agent Technologies.- Summary.- Overview of Flight and Ground Software.- Ground System Software.-Planning and Scheduling.- Command Loading.- Science Schedule Execution.- Science Support Activity Execution.- Onboard Engineering Support Activities.- Downlinked Data Capture.- Performance Monitoring.- Fault Diagnosis.- Fault Correction.- Downlinked Data Archiving.- Engineering Data Analysis/Calibration.- Flight Software (FSW).- Attitude Determination and Control, Sensor Calibration, Orbit Determination, Propulsion.- Executive and Task Management, Time Management, Command Processing, Engineering and Science Data Storage and Handling, Communications.- Electrical Power Management, Thermal Management, SI Commanding, SI Data Processing.- Data Monitoring, Fault Detection and Correction.- Safemode.- Flight vs. Ground Implementation.- Flight Autonomy Evolution.- Reasons for Flight Autonomy.- Satisfying Mission Objectives.- Satisfying Spacecraft Infrastructure Needs.- Satisfying Operations Staff Needs.- Brief History of Existing Flight Autonomy Capabilities.- 1970s and Prior Spacecraft.- 1980s Spacecraft.- 1990s Spacecraft.- Current Spacecraft.- Flight Autonomy Capabilities of the Future.- Current Levels of Flight Automation/Autonomy.- Ground Autonomy Evolution.- Agent-based Flight Operations Associate.- A Basic Agent Model in AFLOAT.- Implementation Architecture For ALFOAT Prototype.- The Human Computer Interface in AFLOAT.- Inter-agent Communications in AFLOAT.- Lights Out Ground Operations System.-The LOGOS Architecture.- An Example Scenario.- Agent Concept Testbed.-Overview of the ACT Agent Architecture.- Architecture Components.- Dataflow Between Components.- ACT Operational Scenario.- Verification & Correctness.- Part II Technology.- Core Technologies for Developing Autonomous and Autonomic Systems.- Plan Technologies.- Planners.- Collaborative Languages.- Reasoning with Partial Information.- Fuzzy Logic.- Bayesian Reasoning.- Learning Technologies.- Artificial Neural Networks.- Genetic Algorithms and Programming.- Act Technologies.- Perception Technologies.- Sensing.- Image and Signal Processing.- Data Fusion.- Testing Technologies.- Software Simulation Environments.-Simulation Libraries.- Simulation Servers.- Networked Simualtion Environments.- Agent-based Spacecraft Autonomy Design Concepts.- High Level Design Features.- Remote Agent Functionality.- Spacecraft Enabling Technologies.- AI Enabling Methodologies.- Advantages of Remote Agent Design.- Mission Types for Remote Agents.-Cooperative Autonomy.- Need for Cooperative Autonomy in Space Missions.- Quantities of Science Data.- Complexity of Scientific Instruments.- Increased Number of Spacecraft.- General Model of Cooperative Autonomy.- Autonomous Agents.- Agent Cooperation.- Cooperative Actions.- Spacecraft Mission Management.- Science Planning.- Mission Planning.- Sequence Planning.- Command Sequencer.- Science Data Processing.- Spacecraft Mission Viewed as Cooperative Autonomy.- Expanded Spacecraft Mission Model.- Analysis of Spacecraft Mission Model.- Improvements to Spacecraft Mission Execution.- An Example of Cooperative Autonomy: Virtual Platform.- Virtual Platforms under Current Environment.- Virtual Platforms with Advanced Automation.- Examples of Cooperative Autonomy.-The Mobile Robot Laboratory at Georgia Tech.- Cooperative Distributed Problem Solving Research Group at the University of Maine.- Knowledge Sharing Effort.- DIS and HLA.- IBM Aglets.- Autonomic Systems.- Overview of Autonomic Systems.- What are Autonomic Systems?.- Autonomic Properties.- Necessary Constructs.- Evolution versus Revolution.- State of the Art Research.- Machine Design.- Prediction and Optimization.- Knowledge Capture and Representation.- Monitoring and Root Cause Analysis.- Legacy Systems and Automatic Environments.- Space Systems.- Agents for Autonomic Systems.- Policy Based Management.- Related Initiatives.- Related Paradigms.- Research and Technology Transfer Issues.- Part III Applications.- Autonomy in Spacecraft Constellations.- Introduction.- Constellations Overview.- Advantages of Constellations.- Cost Savings.- Coordinated Science.- Applying Autonomy and Auntonomicity to Constellations.- Ground-based Constellation Autonomy.- Space-based Autonomy for Constellations.- Autonomicity in Constellations.- Intelligent Agents in Spacecraft Agents.- Multi-Agent Based Organizations for Satellites.- NASA Constellations.- Grand View.- Agent Development.- Ground-based Autonomy.- Space-based Autonomy.- Swarms in Space Missions.- Introduction to Swarms.- Swarm Technologies at NASA.- Other Applications of Swarms.- Autonomicity in Swarm Missions.- Software Development of Swarms.- Programming Techniques and Tools.- Verification.- Future Swarm Concepts.- Concluding Remarks.- Appendix A:Attitude and Orbit Determination and Control.- Appendix B:Operational Scenarios and Agent Interactions.- Onboard Remote Agent Interaction Scenario.- Space-to-ground Dialogue Scenario.- Ground-to-space Dialogue Scenario.- Spacecraft Constellation Interactions Scenario.- Agent-based Satellite Constellation Control Scenario.- Scenario Issues.- Acronyms.- Glossary.- References.- Index