Computers in Medical Activity (eBook)

Title Page 2
Preface 6
Table of Contents 11
Prophylasis 11
The Estimation of Reliability in the Preventive Examination of Allergic Diseases with Knowledge Discovery Methods 14
Introduction 14
Allergic Diseases 15
Knowledge Discovery 15
Association Rules 16
XML Standards in KDD 17
Predictive Model Markup Language 17
XQuery 17
Model Building and Analysis 19
Model Building 19
Model Analysis 20
Experiments and Preliminary Results 20
Conclusions 22
References 23
Diagnosis 11
Medical Diagnosis with Type-2 Fuzzy Decision Trees 24
Introduction 24
Type-2 Fuzzy Sets 25
Type-2 Fuzzy Decision Trees 27
Type-2 Fuzzy ID3 Algorithm 27
Inference Process Using Type-2 Fuzzy Decision Tree 30
Experimental Results 31
Medical Data Description 31
Results from Type-2 Fuzzy Decision Trees 32
Conclusions 33
References 33
Ranked Modeling of Causal Sequences of Diseases for the Purpose of Early Diagnosis 35
Introduction 35
Ranked Relations between Feature Vectors Based on a Causal Sequence of Diseases 36
Ranked Linear Transformations 37
Designing Ranked Transformations through Minimization of the CPL Criterion Function 38
Example: Causal Sequence of Liver Diseases 39
Concluding Remarks 42
Bibliography 43
A Comparative Analysis of SPECT Images of the Left and Right Cerebral Hemispheres in Patients with Diagnosed Epileptic Symptoms 44
Materials 44
The Method 46
Results 49
Conclusions 51
References 51
Rough Set Theory in the Classification of Diagnoses 52
Introduction 52
Rough Set Theory in the Diagnostic Classification of Patients 53
Theoretical Assumptions of the Classification Model 53
The Practical Explanation of the Patients’ Allocation within Diagnostic Classes 55
The Selection of Reducts from a Set of Conditional Attributes 57
The Generation of Reducts by Dependency Rules 57
The Action of Reducts in an Example 58
Concluding Remarks 61
References 62
Computer Program for Aiding in Wireless Endoscopic Video Interpretation 63
Introduction 63
Model of Deformable Rings 65
The MDR Optimization 66
The MoDeRi Program Functionality 67
The Program Evaluation 69
References 70
Segmentation of Biomedical Images Using Network of Synchronized Oscillators 72
Introduction 72
Image Preprocessing and Analysis 73
Network of Synchronised Oscillators 74
Image Segmentation Examples and Discussion 77
Conclusion 80
References 81
MaZda – The Software Package for Textural Analysis of Biomedical Images 82
Introduction 82
Image Analysis Pathways in MaZda 83
Textural Features 84
Regions of Interest 86
Geometric Parameters 87
Feature Selection and Reduction 88
Texture Classification 88
Feature Maps and Image Segmentation 90
Applications 91
References 92
Gilbert-Multiplier-Based Parallel 1-D and 2-D Analog FIR Filters for Medical Diagnostics 94
Introduction 94
Basics of 1-D and 2-D FIR Filtration 96
Implementation of FIR Filters Using Gilbert Vector Multipliers 97
Implementation Issues of the Proposed 1-D Filter 99
Implementation of 2-D Programmable Image Filter 102
Multirate Systems Realized Using the GVM FIR Filters 105
Conclusions 107
References 107
Biomedical Image Segmentation Based on Aggregated Morphological Spectra 109
Introduction 109
Basic Notions of Morphological Spectra 110
Invariance to Geometrical Transformations 114
Image Segmentation Based on $MS$ Discrimination 116
Conclusions 119
References 120
Prognosis 12
Application of Artificial Neural Network to Predict Survival Time for Patients with Bladder Cancer 121
Introduction 121
Problem Overview 122
Applied Methodology and the Input Training Data 123
Experimental Results 126
Conclusions 128
References 129
Artificial Inteligence Methods in the Problems of Drug Side-Effects 131
Introduction 131
Material from Observation and Clinical Activity 132
Artificial Neural Networks 133
Experimental Study and Its Results 134
Ending Remarks and Conclusions 134
References 134
Medical Equipment 12
Programming Symbian Smartphones for the Blind and Visually Impaired 136
Introduction 136
Symbian Operating System (OS) for the Mobile Platforms 137
Programming for the Symbian Platforms 137
Phone Applications for the Blind/Visually Impaired Users 139
Phone Functions 140
Accessing Web Sites 141
Image Processing Applications 142
Conclusions 142
References 143
CARDIO$^{©}$ – Environment for Computer-Aided Learning and Testing of Interpretation of ECG Signals 144
Introduction 144
Functions of the System 145
Analysis Module of CARDIO System 146
Generator of ECG Parameters (GEP) 147
Module of Interpretation Evaluation 148
Architecture of the CARDIO System 149
Demonstration of Working Sessions 150
Conclusion 151
References 152
Inverse Magnetic Modeling in Computer Tomography 153
Introduction 153
Gradient Coils 153
Shape Optimization 155
Deterministic Optimization 156
Evolutionary Optimization 156
The Results 157
Conclusion 159
References 159
Novel CMOS Analog Pulse Shaping Filter for Solid-State X-Ray Sensors in Medical Imaging Systems 160
Introduction 160
Proposed Pulse Shaping Band-Pass Filter 162
The Shaper Adjusting Capabilities 164
Peak Detector 167
Conclusions 169
References 170
Laser Beam Properties 171
Bibliography 175
General Problems and Healthcare Organization 12
Computer Aiding and Virtual Integration of the Medical Activities 176
Basic Concepts 176
Information Aiding and Process Medical Activities Organization 178
Evolution and Integration of Computer Aided Medical Activities Systems 180
Towards Virtual Medical Activities Organization Based on Network Services 183
Conclusion 189
References 190
Expert Systems in the Medical Insurance Industry 192
Introduction 192
Insureance Process Scheme before the Expert Sytem Creation 192
Expert System Considerations 194
Knowledge Acquisition and the Process of Building an Expert System 195
The Tools for Creating an Expert System 196
Choosing a Tool for Building an Expert System 196
The Architecture of an Expert System Based on PC-Shell 197
Inference Stages 198
Insurance Options 200
The Expert System 200
Summary 201
References 201
Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Transferring Medical Data over P2P Network 203
Introduction 203
Topology and Functionality of P2P Medical Network 204
Modelling of Simple P2P Network 205
Simulations of Data Transfer in the Network 206
Experiments – Course and Results 207
Concluding Remarks 210
References 211
Another Computer Applications 12
Influence of Upper Respiratory System Disease on the Performance of Automatic Voice Recognition Systems 213
Introduction 213
Speech Database 214
Experimental System for Executing the Research 214
Construction of the System 214
Experiments 219
Presentation of Results 220
Conclusions 223
References 223
From the Research on Synthesis of Static Images of Melanocytic Skin Lesions 224
Introduction 224
Methodology of the Research 224
Algorithms of Mapping Lesions’ Symptoms 226
Algorithms of Synthesis Colors and Structures of the Lesion’s 226
Experimental Results 229
Program Implementation 229
Summary and Conclusion 229
References 229
Modelling of Alveolar Recruitment Phenomena in Human Lungs 231
Background 231
Methods – Theory and Experimental Analysis 234
Results and Conclusion 237
References 238
Comparison of Several Centreline Extraction Algorithms for Virtual Colonoscopy 240
Introduction 240
Basic Concepts of 3D Volumetric Images 241
Centreline Characteristics 242
Characteristics of Virtual Colonoscopy Algorithms 243
A Fully Parallel Thinning Algorithm 243
12-Subiteration Thinning Algorithm 244
Voxel Coding Algorithm 245
Discussion of the Original Algorithm Test Results 247
Improvements of Tested Algorithms 249
Test Results of Improved Algorithms 251
Conclusions 252
References 253
‘‘Algorithm for Treelike Structures Generation’’ 254
Natural Examples of Treelike Structures 254
Simulation Purpose 259
How to Generate Virtual Treelike Structures 260
Growth Rules 261
Neuronal Shape Coherence 262
References 262
Computer System for Robust Evaluation of Medical Tests 263
Introduction 263
Hardware 264
Software 265
Statistics Used in Test Evaluation 266
Item Statistics 266
Test Statistics 267
Conclusion 268
References 268
Author Index 269