Computational Fluid Dynamics 2008 (eBook)

Preface 5
Contents 6
Part 1 Plenary Lectures 19
Lattice Boltzmann Methods for Viscous Fluid Flows and Two-Phase Fluid Flows 20
Introduction 20
Lattice Boltzmann Method 21
Lattice Gas Model and Evolution Equation 21
Lattice Boltzmann Method for Temperature Field 22
Boundary Condition 23
Governing Equations for Macroscopic Variables 23
Numerical Examples 24
Lattice Boltzmann Method for Two-Phase Fluids 25
Formulation 25
Algorithm of Computation 28
Governing Equations for Macroscopic Variables 28
Numerical Examples 29
Concluding Remarks 31
References 33
Coping with Uncertainty in Turbulent Flow Simulations 35
Introduction 35
Inertial Range Consistent Subgrid/Turbulence Models 36
The Concept of Robust Modelling 38
Copping with Uncertainties: Response Surface 40
Concluding Remarks 44
References 45
Adaptive Finite Element Discretization of Flow Problems for Goal-Oriented Model Reduction 47
Introduction 47
Goal-Oriented Adaptivity: Concept and Examples 48
Example 1. Drag Computation in 2-d Viscous Flow 48
Example 2. Drag Computation in 3-d Viscous Flow ([BR06]) 50
Example 3. Inviscid 2-d Euler Equations ([Har02]) 51
Example 4. A 2-d Heat-Driven Cavity Benchmark ([BR00]) 52
The Theoretical Framework 53
Application in Flow Simulation 54
Practical Aspects 55
Applications 56
Drag Minimization by Boundary Control ([Bec01]) 56
Fluid-Structure Interaction ([DR06]), [Dun07], [BDR08]) 57
Summary and Outlook 59
References 60
Part 2 Keynote Lectures 62
Progress in Computational Magneto-Fluid-Dynamics for Flow Control 63
Introduction 63
Governing Equations 65
Model of Weakly Ionized Gas 66
Solving Scheme 67
Results of Numerical Simulation 69
Summary 73
References 73
Part 3 Aeroacoustics 1 75
Computation of Noise Radiated from a Turbulent Flow over a Cavity with Discontinuous Galerkin Method 76
Introduction 76
Numerical Formulations 77
Results and Discussions 78
Conclusions 80
References 81
Far–Field Noise Minimization Using an Adjoint Approach 82
Introduction 82
Noise Prediction Validation 82
Results 83
Conclusions 88
References 88
Stabilized High-Order Discontinuous Galerkin Methods for Aeroacoustic Investigations 89
Introduction 89
Stabilization 89
Stabilized Extrapolation Boundary Conditions 91
Numerical Tests 92
Flow Around a Cylinder at Re=100 92
Tone Hole Investigations 93
Conclusion 94
References 94
Part 4 Aeroacoustics 2 95
Direct Simulation for Acoustic Near Fields Using the Compressible Navier-Stokes Equation 96
Introduction 96
Prediction of Acoustic Resonance Phenomena 96
”The Theory of The Fluteh by M.S.Howe 97
Computational Problems for the Compressible Navier Stokes equation(C.N.S.E) 97
Numerical Method 97
Transition to Turbulence 98
Bench Mark Computation 98
Bench Mark 1 :Edge-Tone 98
Bench Mark 2 :Recorder 99
Conclusion 101
References 101
Aeroacoustic Simulation in Automobile Muffler by Using the Exact Compressible Navier-Stokes Equation 103
Introduction 103
Objectives 104
Governing Equations 104
Numerical Method 104
Bench Mark Computation 105
Bench Mark 1: One Point Oscillator on a Cavity 105
Bench Mark 2: Flow Noise by Two Jets in a Round Chamber 106
Simulation of Automobile Muffler Model 106
Case1: Artificial(forcing) Oscillation at the Inlet 106
Case2: No Artificial Oscillation at the Inlet 107
Conclusion 108
References 108
Part 5 Aeroacoustics/Elasticity 109
Towards Understanding the Physics of Supersonic Jet Screech 110
Numerical Evidence 111
Theoretical Evidence 114
Experimental Evidence 115
Conclusion 115
References 115
Calculation of Wing Flutter Using Euler Equations with Approximate Boundary Conditions 116
Introduction 116
Numerical Methods 117
Governing Equations 117
Approximate Boundary Conditions 117
Structural Equation of Motion 118
Results and Discussion 118
ONERA M6Wing 118
LANN Wing 118
AGARD 445.6Wing 120
Conclusion 120
References 121
Direct Computation of Infrasound Propagation in Inhomogeneous Atmosphere Using a Low-Dispersion and Low-Dissipation Algorithm 122
Introduction 122
Case of the $Misty Picture$ experiment 123
Atmosphere Model 123
Governing Equations and Numerical Algorithm 124
Modelling of Atmospheric Sound Absorption in Time-Dependent Simulations 126
Concluding Remarks 126
References 127
Part 6 Algorithm 1 128
Symmetry Preserving Discretization of the Compressible Euler Equations 129
Introduction 129
Euler Equations 131
Discrete Invariant Method 132
Numerical Results 133
Conclusion 134
References 134
A Numerical Diffusion Flux Based on the Diffusive Riemannproblem 135
Introduction 135
The Generalized Diffusive Riemannproblem 136
The Use in High Order DG and FV schemes 138
Example: Compressible Navier-Stokes Equations 139
References 140
Part 7 Algorithm 2 141
Enhancement of the Computational Efficiency of UFP via a MWM 142
Introduction 142
Implementation of the Modified Wavelet Method 143
Numerical Test and Discussion 144
Conclusion 147
References 147
A High-Order Accurate Implicit Operator Scheme for Solving Steady Incompressible Viscous Flows Using Artificial Compressibility Method 148
References 152
Development of a Coupled and Unified Solution Method for Fluid-Structure Interactions 153
Introduction 153
Technical Approach 153
Results 156
References 158
Part 8 Algorithm 3 159
Development of AUSM-Type Solver for Analysis of Ideal Magnetohydrodynamic Flows 160
Introduction 160
Governing Equations 162
Ideal MHD Equations 162
Modifying the Ideal MHD Equations (Cleaning Divergence Errors) 162
Numerical Method 163
AUSMPW+/M-AUSMPW+ Scheme of Ideal MHD Equations 163
A High Order Interpolation Scheme: OMLP 164
Numerical Results 164
Brio and Wu’s Shock Tube Test 164
2-D Cloud and Shock Interactions 166
Conclusions 170
References 171
An Implicit Parallel Fully Compressible Roe Based Solver for Subsonic and Supersonic Reacting Flows 172
Introduction 172
Theoretical Formulation and Numerical Treatment 172
Governing Equations 172
Numerical Modeling 173
Turbulence Modeling 173
Combustion Modeling 173
Coupling the EDM Model with the SA Model 173
Test Cases 175
Moreau’s Combustor 175
Kent’s and Bilger’s Combustor 175
Supersonic Flow over a Flat Plate with Injection Slot 175
Conclusion 176
References 177
Part 9 Bio-fluid Mechanics 1 178
Rheology of Blood Flow in a Branched Arterial System with Three-Dimension Model 179
Introduction 179
Materials and Methods 180
Power Law for Non-Newtonian Viscosity 180
Carreau Model 180
Casson Model 180
T-Junction Model 181
Results and Discussions 181
Conclusion 183
References 183
The Effect of Curvature and Torsion on Steady Flow in a Loosely Coiled Pipe 185
Introduction 185
Numerical Models and Methodology 186
Results 186
Conclusions 189
References 190
Part 10 Bio-fluid Mechanics 2 191
Analysis of the Unsteady Flow and Forces in an AAA Endovascular Stent 192
Introduction 192
Methods of Approach 193
Discussion 194
References 197
Part 11 Complex Flow 1 198
Computation of Low Reynolds Number Aerodynamic Characteristics of a Flapping Wing in Free Flight 199
Introduction 199
Computational Model 199
Results and Discussions 200
Effect of Outer Boundary Locations on Computed Aerodynamic Characteristics 200
Conclusion 204
References 204
Application of Window Embedment Grid Technique 205
Introduction 205
Introduction to Window Embedment Grid 206
Numerical Methods 207
Spatial Schemes 207
Turbulence Models 208
Time Advancing Schemes 208
Numerical Experiments 208
DLR-F4 Wing-Body Configuration 208
Application for Transporter Simulation 209
Conclusions 210
References 210
Improved Component Buildup Method for Fast Prediction of the Aerodynamic Performances of a Vertical Takeoff and Landing Micro Air Vehicle 211
Background 211
The Proposed Method 212
Validation 213
Conclusions 216
References 216
Part 12 Complex Flow 2 217
Numerical Investigation of the Tip Leakage Flow in a Multistage High Pressure Compressor 218
Introduction 218
Methodology 219
Compressor Test Case 219
Numerical Method 220
Numerical Model Validation and Results 223
Flow Analysis 224
Investigation of the Small Tip Clearance Case 224
Investigation of the Large Tip Clearance Case 227
Conclusion 228
References 229
Part 13 Complex Flows 3 231
Computational and Experimental Studies of Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer in a Calandria Based Reactor 232
Introduction 232
Calendria Model and Mesh Generation 233
Governing Equations and Boundary Condition 233
Results of Experimental and Computational Analysis 234
Computational Results 234
Experimental Results 236
Conclusions 237
References 237
Part 14 Complex Flows 4 238
Propulsion by an Oscillating Thin Airfoil at Low Reynolds Number 239
Introduction 239
Computational Method 240
TestCase 240
Heaving Motion 241
Pitching Motion 242
Summary and Further Research 244
References 244
Residual Currents around Plural Asymmetrical Structures in Oscillatory Flow Fields 245
Introduction 245
Computational Method 246
The Effects of the Asymmetrical Structures 246
The Effects of the Space between the Structures 248
Conclusions 250
References 250
Part 15 Compressible Flow 1 251
Stability of the MUSCL Method on General Unstructured Grids for Applications to Compressible Fluid Flow 252
Introduction 252
Slope Reconstruction on General Unstructured Meshes 253
Stability Analysis of the {/sc Muscl} Scheme 254
Numerical Computation of Spectra of Muscl Operators 255
Applications to Compressible Gas Dynamics 256
References 257
Time-Accurate Computational Analysis of the Flame Trench 258
Introduction 258
Computational Model 259
OVERFLOWSolver 260
Two-SRB Results 260
Single SRB Results 261
Summary 263
References 263
Very High Order Residual Distribution Schemes for Steady Flow Problems 265
Description of the Scheme 265
Numerical Approximation, Degrees of Freedom 266
Residual Computation and Distribution 266
Numerical Simulations for the Non Viscous Problem 267
Navier-Stokes Problems 268
Conclusion 270
References 270
Part 16 Compressible Flow 2 271
Shocks in Direct Numerical Simulation of the 3-D Spatially Developing Plane Mixing Layer 272
Introduction 272
Basic Equations, Initial Conditions and Numerical Methods 272
Computational Results 273
Visualization of Shocks 273
Categorization of Shocks 275
Conclusion 277
References 277
Calculation of Aerodynamic Performance of Propellers at Low Reynolds Number Based on Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes Equations Simulation 278
Introduction 278
Governing Equations 278
Numerical Method 279
Grid System and Boundary Conditions 280
Numerical Results and Analysis 281
Concluding Remarks 283
References 283
Mathematical Modeling of Supersonic Turbulent Flows in a Channel of Variable Cross-Section with Mass Supply 284
Introduction 284
Problem Statement and Flow Condition 284
Method of Computation 285
Test Computations 286
Numerical Results 287
Conclusions and Future Work 289
References 289
Efficient Numerical Simulation of Dense Gas Flows Past Airfoils and Wings 290
Introduction 290
Governing Equations and Thermodynamical Model 290
Space and Time Discretization 292
Numerical Results 293
References 295
A Dual-Time Implicit Upwind Scheme for Computing Three-Dimensional UnsteadyCompressible Flows Using Unstructured Moving Grids 296
Introduction 296
Mesh Movement Strategy 296
Solution Algorithm 297
Results and Discussion 299
References 301
Part 17 Error Estimation and Control 302
Problems Associated with Grid Convergence of Functionals 303
Introduction 303
Order-Of-Convergence of Functionals 306
The Problem with Quadrature 306
How to Eliminate the Quadrature Error 306
Higher-Order Algorithmic Error Model 307
Conclusions and Recommendations 308
References 308
Accuracy Analysis Based on a Posteriori Error Estimates of SemiGLS Stabilization of FEM for Solving Navier-Stokes Equations 309
Introduction 309
Mixed FEM Formulation 309
SemiGLS Stabilized Formulation 310
A Posteriori Error Estimates 310
Numerical Results and Accuracy Analysis 311
Steady Flow in Lid Driven Cavity 311
Steady Flow in Channel with Sudden Extension of Diameter 312
Conclusion 313
References 314
Residual Adaptive Computations of Complex Turbulent Flows 315
Introduction 315
Residual Error Estimation 316
Adaptation Algorithm 316
Grid and Solution Methodology 317
Numerical Simulations 318
Conclusion 320
References 320
Part 18 Flow Control/Instability 321
Active Control of Transitional Channel Flows with Pulsed and Synthetic Jets Using Vortex Methods 322
Context and Aim of the Study 322
Numerical Scheme 323
Control Strategies 323
Numerical Results 324
First Control Type 324
Second ontrol ype 326
Conclusion 327
References 327
Numerical Analysis of Control Problems for Stationary Models of Hydrodynamics and Heat Transfer 328
Statement of the Direct Boundary Problem 328
Control Problems 330
Numerical Analysis 331
References 333
Frictional and Radiation Dampings on Shear Instability 334
Introduction 334
Formulation 335
Stability 337
Conclusion 339
References 339
FSI Analysis of HAR Wing at Low Speed Flight Condition 340
Introduction 340
VMT Method 341
Transfer of Structure’s Displacement 342
Fluid-Structure Interaction Analysis 342
Wing Model 342
Results 343
Static Deflection under Gravity Loading 343
Static Aeroelastic Deflections of the Wing 343
References 345
Part 19 Flow in Porous Media 346
3-D Numerical Simulation of Main Sieve Diaphragm with Three Types Passageway Design in a Gas Mask Canister 347
Introduction 347
Problem 349
Governing Equations 349
Boundary Conditions and Numerical Method 349
Grid Configuration 350
Result and Discussion 350
Conclusion 352
References 352
Pore Scale Simulation of Combustion in Porous Media 354
Introduction 354
Test Case 355
Dump Combustor 358
Anderson’s Burner (Hydrogen/Air Combustor) 361
Summary 364
References 365
Combined Finite Element - Particles Discretisation for Simulation of Transport-Dispersion in Porous Media 366
Introduction 366
Finite Element Flow Computation 367
The Streamlines Method 367
Dispersion 369
References 371
Part 20 Flow with Non-flat Wall 372
A Numerical-Asymptotic Method for Computation of Infinite Number of Eddies of Viscous Flows in Domains with Corners 373
Introduction 373
Computational Method 374
Lid-Driven Cavity Problem 375
Conclusion 378
References 378
Part 21 Higher-Order Method 1 379
Implicit High-Order Compact Differencing Methods: Study of Convergence and Stability 380
Introduction 380
Formulation 381
References 385
A NLFD-Spectral Difference Scheme for Unsteady Flows 386
Introduction 386
Scheme Formulation 386
Numerical Results 388
Vortex Advection 388
Steady Subsonic Airfoil 389
Pitching Subsonic Airfoil 389
Conclusion 391
References 391
Part 22 Higher-Order Method 2 392
High-Order-Accurate Fluctuation Splitting Schemes for Unsteady Hyperbolic Problems Using Lagrangian Elements 393
Introduction 393
Analysis 394
Mass Lumping and Explicit Schemes 396
Results 397
References 398
Assessment of High-Order Algorithms for Aeroacoustic Computation of Shock-Containing Flows 399
Introduction 399
Shock-Capturing Algorithms 400
Test Cases 401
Shock Wave Interacting with a Density Disturbance (1D) 401
Transonic Airfoil (2D) 401
Conclusion 403
References 404
A Dynamic Spatial Filtering Procedure for Shock Capturing in High-Order Computations 405
Introduction 405
Shock-Capturing Methodology 406
Application to a Shock-Propagation Problem 408
Concluding Remarks 409
References 410
A Discontinuous Galerkin Method Based on a Gas Kinetic Scheme for the Navier-Stokes Equations on Arbitrary Grids 411
Introduction 411
Numerical Method 412
Numerical Examples 413
Conclusions 415
References 416
Recovery Discontinuous Galerkin Jacobian-Free Newton-Krylov Method for All-Speed Flows 417
Introduction 417
Jacobian-Free Newton-Krylov Framework 417
Recovery Discontinuous Galerkin Method 418
Numerical Examples 420
Conclusion 422
References 422
Part 23 Higher-Order Method 3 423
A Characteristic-Wise Hybrid Compact-WENO Scheme for Solving the Navier-Stokes Equations on Curvilinear Coordinates 424
Introduction 424
Numerical Method 425
Numerical Tests 427
Conclusions 429
References 429
High-Order Central ENO Finite-Volume Scheme with Adaptive Mesh Refinement for the Advection-Diffusion Equation 430
Scope 430
High-Order CENO Scheme 430
Numerical Results 433
Concluding Remarks 436
References 436
Part 24 Hypersonic and Reacting Flows 437
Active Control of Hypersonic Shock Layer Instability: Direct Numerical Simulation and Experiments 438
Introduction 438
Methods of Investigation 439
Disturbances 439
Distributed Receptivity 439
Localized Receptivity 440
Active Control 441
References 443
Part 25 Immersed Boundary Method/Cartesian Grid Method 1 444
A Hierarchical Nested Grid Approach for Local Refinement Coupled with an Immersed Boundary Method 445
Introduction 445
Numerical Methodology 446
Underlying Numerical Scheme 446
Grid Refinement Strategy 447
Results and Discussion 448
Conclusions 450
References 450
A New Cartesian Grid Method with Adaptive Mesh Refinement for Degenerate Cut Cells on Moving Boundaries 451
Introduction 451
Numerical Methods 451
Representation and Tracking of an Irregular Moving Boundary 451
Discretization of the Governing Equation 452
Numerical Results 454
Conclusions 456
References 456
Building-Cube Method for Incompressible Flow Simulations of Complex Geometries 457
Introduction 457
Numerical Method 458
Mesh Generation 458
Solution Algorithm 458
Numerical Results 459
Flow Simulation Around Ahmed Body 459
Flow Simulation Around Formula-1 Model 460
Conclusions 461
References 462
Part 26 Immersed Boundary Method/Cartesian Grid Method 2 463
Assessment of Regularized Delta Functions and Feedback Forcing Schemes for an Immersed Boundary Method 464
Introduction 464
Numerical Approach 465
Stability Analysis 466
Results and Discussion 467
Stationary Cylinder in a Free-Stream at Re=100 467
Transverse Oscillation of a Circular Cylinder 468
Conclusions 469
References 469
Simulation of a Flow around a Car, Using Cartesian Coordinates 470
Introduction 470
Computational Method 471
Computational Results 474
Conclusion 475
References 475
Numerical Simulation of Parachute Inflation Process 476
Introduction 476
Numerical Method and Conditions 477
Results 478
Conclusions 481
References 481
A Finite-Volume Method for Convection Problems with Embedded Moving-Boundaries 482
Introduction 482
Model Equation 483
Standard FVM Results 483
Fluxes with Embedded Moving-Boundary Conditions 485
Temporal Discretization 486
Monotonicity and Limiters 486
Local Adaptivity in Time 487
Results and Conclusion 488
References 488
Part 27 Kinetic Approach 489
Computation of Shock Structure in Diatomic Gases Using the Generalized Boltzmann Equation 490
Introduction 490
Technical Approach 490
Two Level Kinetic Model for RT Relaxation in a Gas 492
Computation of Shock Structure 493
References 495
A High-Order Accurate Gas-Kinetic BGK Scheme 496
Introduction 496
A High-Order Accurate BGK Scheme 496
Fundamental of Gas-Kinetic BGK Scheme 496
Extension to High-Order Accuracy 498
Numerical Results 498
Conclusions 500
References 501
Part 28 Micro/Nano Fluid Mechanics 1 502
Numerical Simulations of Three Dimensional Micro Flows 503
Introduction 503
Modeling 503
The Stokes Equations for Diphasic Flows in Microfluidic 503
The Level Set Method: Parametrization of the Interface 504
The Numerical Method 505
The Advection Equation 505
The Hydrodynamic Part 505
The Rayleigh-Plateau Instability 505
Experimental Considerations 505
Jets, Droplets and Plugs 506
Discussions 507
The Particular Case of a T-Junction 507
Conclusion 508
References 508
Optimization of Ribbed Microchannel Heat Sink Using Surrogate Analysis 509
Introduction 509
Problem Description and Numerical Analysis 510
Optimization Procedure 511
Results and Discussion 511
Conclusion 513
References 514
Part 29 Micro/Nano Fluid Mechanics 2 515
Conformations of PMMA Thin Films on an Au (111) Substrate: Chain-Length and Tacticity Effects 516
Introduction 516
Simulation Model 516
Results and Discussion 517
Conclusions 520
References 521
Part 30 Multiphase Flow 1 522
Numerical Method for Flows of Arbitrary Substance in Arbitrary Conditions 523
Introduction 523
Numerical Methods 524
Numerical Examples 525
Conclusion 528
References 528
Fully-Implicit Interface Tracking for All-Speed Multifluid Flows 529
Introduction 529
Numerical Method (Summary) 530
One-Dimensional Tests 531
2D Interface Kinematics by MRD/LS 533
Conclusion 534
References 534
Development of Surface-Volume Tracking Method Based on MARS 536
Introduction 536
Numerical Method 536
Validation of the Algorithm with Dam Breaking Problem 537
Results and Discussion 539
Conclusion 541
References 541
Part 31 Multiphase Flow 2 542
Adaptive Moment-of-Fluid Method for Multi-Material Flow 543
Backgrounds 543
AMR-MOF 544
Static Interface Reconstruction 545
Dynamic Interface Reconstruction 545
Conclusion 548
References 548
Numerical Simulation of Underfill Flow in Flip-Chip Packaging 549
Introduction 549
Numerical Simulation of Capillary Flow Undefill 551
Numerical Results 552
Conclusions 554
References 554
Simulation of Water Advancing over Dry Bed Using Lagrangian Blocks on Eulerian Mesh 555
Introduction 555
LBEM Formulation 557
Friction Effect on Dam-Break Wave 558
Summary of Results Based on $q_{max}$ 559
Conclusion 560
References 560
Time-Derivative Preconditioning for Single and Multicomponent Flows 561
Introduction 561
Governing Equations 562
Numerical Method 562
Conservative Formulation 563
Nonconservative Formulation 563
Hybrid Formulation 563
Results 564
Riemann Problems 564
NACA0012 Airfoil 565
NACA0015 Hydrofoil 566
Summary 566
References 567
Part 32 Multiphase Flow 3 568
High-Speed Jet Formation after Solid Object Impact 569
Introduction 569
Methods 569
Results 570
Conclusions 572
References 572
Numerical Study on Population Balance Approaches in Modeling of Isothermal Vertical Bubbly Flows 573
Introduction 573
Mathematical Models 574
Population Balance Approaches 575
Numerical Details 575
Results and Discussions 576
Conclusions 578
References 578
Direct Numerical Simulation of Cavitation Noise for a 3D Circular Cylinder Cross-Flow 579
Introduction 579
Computational Methods 580
Density-Based Homogeneous Equilibrium Model 580
Selective Spatial Filtering 581
Results and Discussion 582
Summary and Conclusions 584
References 584
Numerical Method for Shock-Cavitation Bubble Interaction Problems 585
Introduction 585
Homogeneous Cavitation Model 586
Numerical Method 586
Numerical Results 588
Conclusions 590
References 590
Part 33 Optimization 1 591
A Low Dissipative Discrete Adjoint m-KFVS Method 592
Introduction 592
m-KFVS Method 593
Optimal Control of Numerical Dissipation 594
References 597
Second Order Sensitivities for Shape Optimization in the Presence of Shocks 598
Introduction 598
Problem Definition 599
Direct and Adjoint Based Methods for Hessian Computation 600
Numerical Test Demonstrating the Impact of the Hessian on Convergence of Transonic Optimal Design 601
References 604
Strategies for Robust Convergence Characteristics of Discrete Adjoint Method 605
Introduction 605
Sensitivity Analysis via Volume Integrated Functions 605
Enhancement of Diagonal Dominance of Adjoint Matrix 607
Conclusion 611
References 611
On the Reliability of the Aerodynamic Analysis Using a Moment Method 612
Introduction 612
Reliability Analysis 613
Monte Carlo Simulation 613
First Order Reliability Method 613
Moment Method 614
Flow Analysis 614
Reliability of Flow Analysis 615
2D Airfoil 615
3D Wing 615
Conclusion 616
References 616
Part 34 Optimization 2 618
Uncertainty Based MDO of UAS Using HAPMOEA 619
Introduction 619
Methodology 620
Real World Design Problem 620
Conclusions 624
References 624
The Optimum Design of a Propeller Energy-Saving Device by Computational Fluid Dynamics 625
Introduction 625
Geometric Parameters 625
Parametric Analysis 626
Computational Results 627
Conclusions 629
References 630
Part 35 Rotor Aerodynamics 631
An Analysis on the Helicopter Rotor Aerodynamics in Hover and Forward Flight Using CFD/Time-Marching-Free-Wake Coupling Method 632
Introduction 632
Methodology 633
Numerical Method 633
Numerical Results 635
Conclusion 637
References 637
Part 36 Turbulence Modeling and Simulation 1 638
Stochastic-Determinism Approach for Simulating the Transition Points in Internal Flows with Various Inlet Disturbances 639
Introduction 639
Governing Equation and Numerical Method 639
Computational Results 641
Conclusion 644
References 644
Investigation of an Anisotropic NS-a Model for Wall-Bounded Flows 645
Introduction 645
Model Formulation 645
Description of the Test Cases 647
Results 648
References 650
Computing Turbulent Flows Using Meshless Solver LSFD-U 651
Introduction 651
LSFD-U 652
Point Generation 653
LSFD-U Flow Solver 653
Numerical Results 654
Conclusions 656
References 657
Parallel Adaptive Mesh Refinement Scheme for LES of Turbulent Premixed Flames 658
Introduction and Scope 658
LES Modelling 658
Thickened Flame Model 659
Flame Surface Density Model 660
Parallel Implicit AMR Finite-Volume Scheme 661
Numerical Results 662
Conclusions 664
References 664
Part 37 Turbulence Modeling and Simulation 2 665
The Characteristic Analysis of Fire-Driven Flow Simulation Code (FDS) for Railway Tunnel 666
Introduction 666
Flow Conditions and Numerical Method 667
Flow Conditions 667
Grid Generation 668
Governing Equation 668
Numerical Method 669
Results and Discussion 669
Conclusion 671
References 672
Part 38 Upwind Scheme 1 673
Discontinuous Fluctuation Distribution for Time-Dependent Problems 674
Introduction 674
Discontinuous Fluctuation Distribution 675
Time-Dependent Problems 676
One Space Dimension 677
Numerical Results 678
Summary 679
References 679
Weighted Compact Schemes for Shock / Boundary Layer Interaction 680
Introduction 680
Hybrid Weighted Compact-ENO Scheme 681
Weighted Compact – ENO for Incident Shock / Boundary Layer Interaction 682
Numerical Girds for the Main Flow Solver 682
Initial and Boundary Conditions for the Main Flow Solver 683
Preliminary Numerical Results (Scaled by a Factor of 3 in y-Direction) 683
Concluding Remarks 685
References 685
The Riemann Problem for Reynolds-Stress-Transport in RANS and VLES 686
Introduction 686
Reynolds-Stress Transport 687
The Complete Set of Equations 687
Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors 688
Approximate Jump Relations 688
Approximate Jump Relations for $/lambda /neq /~{u}$ 689
Approximate Jump Relations for $/lambda = /~{u}$ 690
Closure Relations for the {/sc hllc–rsm} Flux 690
References 691
Part 39 Upwind Scheme 2 693
Improving Monotonicity of the 2nd Order Backward Difference Time Integration Scheme by Temporal Limiting 694
Blending Coeficient 695
Results 697
References 699
The Finite Volume Local Evolution Galerkin Method for Solving the Euler Equations 700
Introduction 700
Numerical Methods 701
A Comparison between the FVEG and FVLEG Methods 701
The Approximate Evolution Operators for the FVLEG Scheme 703
Numerical Results 705
Conclusions 706
References 706
Time-Implicit Approximation of the Multi-pressure Gas Dynamics Equations in Several Space Dimensions 707
Introduction 707
A Tractable Equivalent Reformulation 708
Numerical Approximation 710
Numerical Illustration 712
References 712
Smoothness Monitors for Compressible Flow Computation 713
Redundant Wavelets 713
Test Cases 716
References 719
Part 40 Wake Flow 720
Proper Orthogonal Decomposition of Unsteady Heat Transfer from Staggered Cylinders at Moderate Reynolds Numbers 721
Introduction 721
Computational Details 722
Results and Discussion 723
Flow and Heat Transfer Characteristics 723
Proper Orthogonal Decomposition 724
Summary 726
References 726
Effect of Rotation Rates and Gap Spacing on the Structure of Low Reynolds Number Flow over Two Rotating Circular Cylinders 728
Introduction 728
Governing Equations and Numerical Methods 728
Results 730
References 734
Improvement of Reduced Order Modeling Based on POD 735
Introduction 735
A Pressure Extended Reduced Order Model 736
Stabilization of Reduced Order Models 737
Residuals Based Stabilization Method: Model B$^{[N_{r} K]$
SUPG and VMS Methods: Models C$^{[N_{r}]$ and D$^{[N_{r}]}$ 737
Results of Stabilization Methods 738
Improvement of the Functional Subspace 738
Conclusions 739
References 740
Part 41 Technical Notes 741
Poster Session - MP1 17
Modelling and Simulation of Droplet Distribution from Entrained Liquid Film in Gas-Liquid Systems 742
References 743
The Effect of the Number of Computational Grids on Calculation Results of Co-axial Jet Flows by Large Eddy Simulation Using Dynamic SGS Model 744
Introduction 744
Numerical Calculation 744
Results 745
References 745
Development and Application of the Collocations and Least Squares Method 746
Combined Experimental and Numerical Analysis of Incompressible Flow around an Airfoil 748
Introduction 748
Numerical Method 749
Experimental Apparatus 749
Results and Discussions 750
Conclusion 753
References 753
CFD Simulation of Gas-Water Two-Phase Flow in Turbocharger 754
Numerical Analysis of Optical Systems for Compressible Flow Visualization 756
Introduction 756
Optical Systems 757
Simulation Techniques 757
CFD 757
Ray-Tracing Method 758
Adaptive Ray-Tracing Method 759
Results 759
Conclusions 759
References 759
Poster Session - TuP1 18
Application of a DRP Upwinding Scheme in Immersed Boundary Method 760
Mimic Interpolation Immersed Boundary Method 760
Dispersion-Relation-Preserving Scheme 761
Convergence Acceleration Method for Linear Iterative Process 763
References 764
Heat Transfer Correlations and Pressure Drop for Cross-Cut Heat Sinks Using CFD: Technical Notes 765
Introduction 765
Numerical Results and Conclusions 765
References 766
CFD Study of Traveling Wave within a Piston-Less Striling Heat Engine 767
Introduction 767
Results and Discussions 768
References 768
Numerical Simulation of Acoustic Waves in Jet Flows 769
Introduction 769
Experimental Results 769
Numerical Results 769
References 770
Robust BEM Solver for Sound Scattering 771
References 772
Author Index 773